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The survey was performed to obtain the status of treatment which was classfied by cured, under treatment, and not treatment in the discharged TBC patients. Questionaires were sent to 450 patients who were discharged from the National Kongju Tuberculosis Hospital during 1991 and 243 responded. Those questionaires survey was perform during from January to February, 1993. The results were as follows: 1. Cured, under treatment and not under treatment cases were 30.5%, 59.7% and 9.8% respectively at the point of survey. The age group of over 60 and below 29 were 55.0% and 39.5% in the cured cases. In the under treatment cases, 40', 50', and 30' were 69.8% 65.5% and 63.0% respectively. In not under treatment cases, 30' was 14.8%. Those were relatively higher than other age groups and statistically significant(P<0.01). Married or unmarried cases were more cured than others Marital status was statistically significant(P<0.01). Other general characteristics were not significant to the status of treatment. 2. Family history of tuberculosis in patients was 31.2% 10.7% of parents and 1.9% of siblings had turberculosis. Family history was not significant to the status of treatment. 3. Cured cases were high in improved cases on chest P-A, negatives on AFB smear of sputum than positive group at discharge. Those were statistically significant(P<0.001). 4. Chief complaints were cough, sputum, weight loss, mild fever, hemoptysis and dyspnea in order. Cured cases were high in the group without symptoms and under treatment cases were high in the group with symptoms at discharge. 5. In the aspect of life style, the cured case was high in the group of regular breakfast(P<0.05). The result was not affected by the duration of sleep, physical exercise or smoking and drinking. The restoratives had no influence on the result. 6. The first contact facilities of treatment after dischage were health center 43.7% National Tuberculosis Hospital 29.6% others 10.2%, and local clinics 9.5% in order. 29.2% visited one facility, 42.4% two facilities, and 28.4% three or more. The more contacted facilities, the more droped-out of treatment. 7. Among the opinions for the treatment of tuberculosis, 39.9% were curable, 42.8% were unknown and 17.3% were hopeless. Those had influence on the result of the treatment(P<0.001). 8. Among patient's recognition of self-assessment to their symptoms' 44.0% were not improved, 37.4% were improved, and 18.5% were aggravated. Cough, sputum, weight loss, fever, hemoptysis and dyspnea had stastically significant influence on the self-assessment of tuberculosis. It had no influence on the result of the treatment of tuberculisis whether they had visited the outpatient department at the tuberculosis hospital or not.
이옥란 경남대학교 교육대학원 2012 국내석사
본 연구는 초등학교 Wee class 상담실에 대한 학생의 인식이 어떠한지 알아보는 데 있다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위한 연구 문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학교 We class 상담실의 목적 및 필요성에 대해 초등학생들은 어떻게 인식하는가? 둘째, 초등학교 We class 상담실 상담교사의 역할, 상담교사의 성별, 상담의 형태와 시간에 대해 초등학생들은 어떻게 인식하는가? 셋째, 초등학교 We class 상담실의 효과 및 문제점과 개선점에 대해 초등학생들은 어떻게 인식하는가? 연구 결과는 다음과 같다 첫째, 초등학교 We class 상담실의 필요성 여부에 대한 인식에서 남녀 모두 필요하다고 인식하고 있었으며, 특히 남학생에 비해 여학생들이 더 많이 필요함을 느끼고 있었다. 둘째, 초등학교 We class 상담실이 필요한 이유에 대한 인식에서 성, 학년에 상관없이 모두 나의 고민이나 문제를 해결해 줄 수 있기 때문이라고 가장 많이 응답하였고, 불필요한 이유에 대한 인식에서는 고민을 상담해도 별 도움이 되지 않기 때문에 라고 응답한 아동이 가장 많이 나타났다. 셋째, 초등학교 We class 상담실의 주요 목적에 대한 인식에서 학생들이 가지고 있는 문제나 고민을 진단하는 것이라고 가장 많이 응답하였다. 넷째, 초등학교 We class 상담실 상담교사의 적절한 역할에 대한 인식에서 친구사이에 일어난 일을 들어 주고 문제해결에 중점을 두어 상담하는 것이라고 응답한 아동이 가장 많았다. 다섯째, 초등학교 We class 상담실의 희망하는 상담교사 성별에 대한 인식에서 여학생의 경우 여자 상담교사를 선호하는 경향이 강하였으나 남학생의 경우 상담교사의 성별은 상관없다고 많이 응답하였다. 여섯째, 초등학교 We class 상담실의 희망하는 상담형태 및 상담시간에 대한 인식에서 상담형태의 경우 남녀, 학년에 관계없이 직접 만나서 하는 개인면담을 가장 많이 응답하였으며 상담시간은 남학생의 경우 1~11분을 가장 많이 응답하였으나 여학생의 경우는 11~20분을 가장 많이 응답하였다. 학년에서는 4,5,6학년 모두 11~20분에 가장 많이 응답하였다. 일곱째, 초등학교 We class 상담실의 가장 큰 효과에 대한 인식에서 가지고 있는 문제나 고민을 해결할 수 있는 효과가 있다라고 가장 많이 응답하여 We class 상담실이 필요한 이유와 인식을 같이 하고 있었다. 여덟째, 문제점과 개선점에 대한 인식에서 학생들이 느끼는 가장 큰 문제점은 We class 상담실은 문제 행동을 일으킨 아이들이 찾아가는 곳이라는 생각 때문에 We class 상담실을 찾아가기 힘들다는 것이었으며 따라서 We class 상담실은 문제 있는 아이들만 가는 곳이 아니라 누구나 쉽게, 편안하게 찾아갈 수 있는 곳이라고 생각되도록 만들어야 한다는 것을 가장 개선되어야 할 점으로 꼽았다. The study investigates students' perception on Wee class in elementary schools. Study issues for achieving purpose of the study are as follows. First, how elementary school students perceive purpose and necessity of Wee class in elementary schools? Second, how elementary school students perceive role of counselors, gender of counselors, and form and time of counsel of Wee class in elementary schools? Third, how elementary school students perceive effect, the point at issue, and the point to be improved, of Wee class in elementary schools? Study results are as follows. First, both male and female perceives that Wee class is necessary in elementary schools, and especially female students feel more necessity than male students. Second, in the perception of reason that Wee class is necessary in elementary school, the most of students respond that the reason is that it can solve worry and problem, irrespective of gender and grade, and in the perception of reason that Wee class in not necessary in elementary school, the most of the students respond that the reason is that it does not much help, even though they take counsel with counselor of Wee class. Third, in the perception of main purpose of Wee class in elementary schools, the most of students respond that the main reason is to diagnose problem or worry that students have. Fourth, in the perception of proper role of counselor of Wee class in elementary schools, the most of students respond that the proper role is to listen to the happenings between friends, and to counsel them, laying emphasis on solution of problem. Fifth, in the perception of gender of counselor of Wee class in elementary school, female students have strong tendency to prefer female counselor, but male students respond that gender of counselor does not matter. Sixth, in the perception of counsel form and time of Wee class in elementary schools, the most of students respond that they prefer personal interview by direct meeting irrespective of gender and grade, and the most of male students respond that they prefer 1~11 minutes of counsel time, but the most of female students respond that they prefer 11~20 minutes of counsel time. The most of students respond that they prefer 11~20 minutes for all of 4, 5, and 6 graders. Seventh, in the perception of the largest effect of Wee class in elementary schools, the most of students respond that there is effect to solve problem or worry that they have, and then it has the same perception as the reason that Wee class is necessary. Eighth, in the perception of the point at issue and the point to be improved, the largest problem is that it is hard to visit Wee class because it is thought that Wee class is the place to be visited by the children who caused trouble, thus the students picked it as the point to be improved most that Wee class should be made to be regarded as the place that everyone can easily and comfortably visits, not the place that children who have problem only visit.
충남 초등 특수교육대상 아동의 진로준비에 대한 부모의 인식조사
이옥란 나사렛대학교 재활복지대학원 2009 국내석사
장애 학생들이 자신의 적성, 흥미 및 특별한 요구에 맞추어 적절한 진로를 선택하고 추구하여 직업적․경제적 자립과 성인으로서의 독립적인 삶을 유지해 나 갈 수 있도록 하는데 특수교육의 목적이 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이는 장애 학생들을 위한 체계적이고 적절한 진로 및 직업교육을 통해 달성되어질 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. 이러한 관점에서 특수학급과 특수학교 부모들의 진로준비에 대한 인식과 초등교육 과정중 현재의 직업수행 능력을 알아보고자 하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 충남지역에 초등학교 중 특수학급이 운영되는 10개교와 천안지역 공립 정신지체특수학교인 천안 인애학교, 서산 성봉학교, 그 외 천안장애인종합복지관과 지역치료센터등에 있는 초등 특수교육대상 아동의 부모들을 대상으로 설문연구가 진행되었다. 2009년 5월에 회수된 총 196부중 사용하기에 부적합한 설문지 6부를 제외시켜 총 190부를 분석자료로 사용하였으며, 분석은 빈도분석과 카이제곱검정, t검증으로 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다 첫째, 특수학급과 특수학교에 재학중인 특수교육대상학생의 직업준비관련 기술 수행정도를 알아본 결과, 기초학습, 가정일상생활기술, 사회기술, 직업관련기술, 직업의식, 작업기술, 자존감등 모든 영역에서 특수학급의 학생들의 평균이 높게 나타났고, 이중 4개영역인 기초학습, 직업의식, 작업기술, 자존감에서 통계상 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 특수학급과 특수학교에 재학중인 특수교육대상학생의 부모들은 장래 자녀의 취업을 희망(62.6%)하고 있으며, 진로 준비에 적합한 고등학교로 특수학교 고등부(60.5%)를 과반수이상의 부모들이 선택하였다. 또한 자녀의 취업시기를 묻는 질문에 특수학급의 부모들은 대졸 후(50.4%)를, 특수학교의 부모들은 고졸 후(50.0%)라고 응답하였으며, 진로 결정시 의논대상으로 두 집단 모두 배우자(35.8%)를 선택하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자녀의 취업시 고려사항으로 특수학급의 부모들은 ‘자녀의 적성 및 흥미’(51.2%)를 우선적으로 생각하는 반면, 특수학교의 부모들은 ‘자녀의 작업수행 능력’(40.0%)을 더 중요하다고 응답하였다. 넷째, 부모가 희망하는 자녀의 직종으로 특수학급의 부모들은 ‘전문기술자’(28.8%)로 가장 높게 나타났고, 특수학교의 부모들은 ‘판매,요식업,서비스업’에 47.7%를 응답해 통계상 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 다섯째, 초등학교 교육과정과 직업의 연계성에 관해 ‘있다’(53.2%)로 긍정적이 응답이 많았으며, 직업준비를 위해 가장 필요한 과목으로는 ‘사회’(23.7%)과목을 선택해 실질적으로 직업교육을 가장 많이 다루고 있는 ‘실과’에 대해 인식하지 못하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 여섯째, 진로및 직업준비를 위한 특수교사의 역할로 특수학급과 특수학교 부모들 모두 ‘학생의 적성 및 흥미파악’(50.0%)을 가장 중요하게 생각하였고, 초등 직업교육의 문제점으로 특수학급의 부모들은 ‘관련 교육자료의 부재’(37.6%)를, 특수학교의 부모들은 ‘장애학생 가족의 관심 부족’(40.0%)을 우선으로 선택하였다. 일곱째, 정부의 지원방향으로 특수학급 부모들은 ‘초등 진로 및 직업프로그램 개발’에(48.8%)를 특수학교의 부모들은 ‘지역사회 관련기관 구축 및 운영’에 (44.6%)의 결과를 보였다. 이는 특수교육 대상 학생들의 진로준비를 원활히 하기 위해서는 지역사회 연계가 필요함을 인식하고 있는 것으로 보인다.
노인장기요양기관 종사자가 인식한 시설장 서번트리더십이 직무만족에 미치는 영향 : 심리적 임파워먼트와 긍정심리자본의 매개효과를 중심으로
The purpose of this study is to prepare empirical measures to improve job satisfaction of workers by verifying the mediating effect of psycholo gical empowerment and positive psychological capital in the relationship between the servant leadership of the head of a long-term care facility for the elderly on the job satisfaction of workers, and theoretically It is to provide basic data. The subjects of this study were a total of 400 workers, including social workers and nursing care workers, who worked at long-term care instit utions for the elderly in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gwangju, and analyzed us ing SPSS WIN 25.0 and AMOS 25.0 programs. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that servant leadership in long-term care institutions for the elderly had a positive (+) effect on job satisfaction of caregivers. It was found that sub-variables of servant leadership, such as altruistic calling, emotional healing, wisdom, persuasion, and organizational manager, had a positive (+) effect on job satisfaction of facility workers. Second, it was found that the servant leadership of the head of a long -term care facility for the elderly had a positive (+) effect on the empowerment and positive psychological capital of the workers. Third, it was found that the empowerment and positive psychological capital of workers had a positive (+) effect on job satisfaction of facility workers. Significance, self-determination, competence, and influence, sub-variables of empowerment, were found to have a positive (+) effect on job satisfaction of facility workers. It was found that self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism, which are sub-variables of positive psychological capital, had a positive (+) effect on job satisfaction of facility workers. Fourth, in the verification of the mediating effect of psychological emp owerment and positive psychological capital on the effect of servant lead ership on job satisfaction, it was found that servant leadership has a me diating effect on the path leading to job satisfaction via psychological empowerment and positive psychological capital. From the above research results, it was confirmed that the servant leadership of the head of a long-term care facility for the elderly is an important variable in the job satisfaction of workers through the medium of empowerment and positive psychological capital. Based on the results of this study, the suggestions are as follows. First, it is necessary to vitalize leadership education programs to enhance the leadership of the heads of long-term care institutions for the elderly. Considering the influence that facility managers have on workers' job satisfaction, a customized education and training program for them is essential so that they can fulfill their responsibilities and roles as servan t leaders. Second, it is necessary to operate specialized education and counseling programs to promote the psychological mechanisms of long-term care workers for the elderly. Considering that the psychological empowerment and positive psychological capital of workers affect job satisfaction, not only education to improve job competency as a professional, but also systems and policies that can strengthen their psychological empowerment and positive psychological capital should be prepared. Third, legal and institutional improvements and financial support from the government and local governments are needed to improve the working environment for workers in long-term care institutions for the elderly. Considering the uniqueness of the working environment in social welfare sites, the treatment and working environment of facility workers should be improved so that they can work with pride as professionals. 본 연구의 목적은 노인장기요양기관 시설장의 서번트 리더십이 종사자의 직무만족에 미치는 영향관계에서 심리적 임파워먼트와 긍정심리자본의 매개효과를 검증하여 종사자들의 직무만족을 향상시키기 위한 실증적인 방안을 마련하고 이론적 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 연구의 대상은 서울, 경기, 광주지역의 노인장기요양기관에서 근무하는 사회복지사 , 요양보호사 등 총 400명의 종사자를 대상으로 SPSS WIN 25.0과 AMOS 25.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다 . 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인장기요양기관의 서번트 리더십은 요양보호사의 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 서번트 리더십의 하위변인인 이타적 소명, 감정적 치유, 지혜, 설득, 조직의 책무자는 시설 종사자의 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다 . 둘째, 노인장기요양기관 시설장의 서번트 리더십은 종사자의 임파워먼트와 긍정심리자본에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 종사자의 임파워먼트와 긍정심리자본은 시설 종사자의 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 임파워먼트의 하위변인인 의미성, 자기결정력, 역량, 영향력은 시설 종사자의 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 긍정심리자본의 하위변인인 자기효능감, 희망, 복원력, 낙관주의는 시설 종사자의 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 시설장의 서번트 리더십이 직무만족에 미치는 영향에서 심리적 임파워먼트와 긍정심리자본의 매개효과 검증에서 서번트 리더십이 심리적 임파워먼트와 긍정심리자본를 경유하여 직무만족에 이르는 경로의 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과에서 노인장기요양기관 시설장의 서번트 리더십은 심리적 임파워먼트와 긍정심리자본을 매개로 종사자의 직무만족에 중요한 변인임을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 제언을 하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인장기요양기관 시설장의 리더십 제고를 위한 리더십 교육 프로그램을 활성화할 필요가 있다. 시설장이 종사자의 직무만족에 미치는 영향력을 고려할 때, 서번트 리더로서 책임과 역할을 다할 수 있도록 이들에 대한 맞춤형 교육훈련 프로그램이 필수적으로 요구된다. 둘째, 노인장기요양기관 종사자의 심리적 기제를 촉진하기 위한 전문 교육 및 상담 프로그램을 운영할 필요가 있다. 종사자의 심리적 임파워먼트와 긍정심리자본이 직무만족에 영향을 미치고 있는 점을 고려할 때, 전문직업인으로서 직무역량 향상을 위한 교육 뿐만 아니라 그들의 심리적 임파워먼트와 긍정심리자본을 강화할 수 있는 제도와 정책이 마련되어야 한다. 셋째, 노인장기요양기관 종사자의 근무환경 개선을 위한 정부와 지자체의 법적·제도적 개선 및 재정적 지원이 필요하다 . 사회복지 현장의 근무환경의 특수성을 고려하여 시설 종사자들이 전문인력으로서 자긍심을 가지고 근무할 수 있도록 이들의 처우와 근무환경을 개선해야 한다.
To identify problems involved in sexual harassment on the job, this study classified workers' perception into generally accepted idea on sexual harrassment, types and causes and investigated how it is different according to sex, working duration, size of work, types of hiring and duties, and experiences. For the study, we interviewed 356 subjects using a short-answer type questionnaire from August 21 to September 20. 2008, and the results are presented as follows: 1. The subjects had similar ideas on sexual harassment according to sex, working duration, size of work, types of hiring and duties. They considered it as an expression of intimacy and personal matter. 2. The types of sexual harassment were similar according to sex, working duration, size of work, types of hiring and duties. They considered visual sexual harassment such as behaviors and postures that remind of sexuality or showing pornography as serious. They considered behaviors of touching or exposing bodies, hugging and leaning as important physical sexual harassments. As linguistic sexual harassment, they answered that exposing themselves, questions on sexual intercourses and using nicknames indicating specific parts of women's body are serious. 3. As main reasons of sexual harassment, male subjects answered women are considered as low on the job and as subjects of sexuality while female subjects answered that women expose themselves excessively and are considered as subjects of sexuality. The similar results were found according to working duration, size of work, types of hiring and duties. 4. As a result of investigating the subjects who experienced sexual harassment, 13 of the male subjects(12.8%) and 68 female ones(27.4%) answered that they had experiences. Main harmers of sexual harassment were one´s immediate superiors, co-workers, and senior officers of other departments in a good order, and main places of sexual harassment were parties, picnic parties and cars. The main feelings the victims had were insult, deteriorated self-esteem and shame and they answered they could not handle it actively because they were afraid that personal relations would be deteriorated, and they considered strong reaction was of no use or a disgrace. In conclusion, the perception on sexual harassment was different according to sex, but priority in their perception was similar according to sex, working duration, size of work, types of hiring and duties. And 13.8% of male subjects and 27.4% of female subjects had sexual harassment on the job and were having various aftereffects. Therefore, this study suggests that various approaches such as reinforcement of preventive education and improvement of occupational cultures should be developed.
중국 상장기업의 계속감사기간이 감사품질과 자본시장에 미치는 영향
The current mandatory auditor rotation policy of China to maintain auditor's objectivity and improve audit quality is by the signature Certified Public Accountants. But the policy is the rotation of signature Certified Public Accountants in the accounting firm, and the possibility to negotiate with audited companies still exists. So there is the limitation of the play that the rotation policy of signature Certified Public Accountants improves the auditor's objectivity. The study analyzes whether the audit quality has been improved through 2004 to 2008 when the rotation policy of signature certified accountants was executed in the Chinese listed companies. Then we analyze the impacts of auditor tenure of audit firm on the audit quality. At last we analyze how the impact reflects in the capital market with earnings response coefficients. Audit quality is measured by discretionary accruals using Adjusted Jones models. Auditor tenure is measured as consistent audit tenure of the company which can be found accurately and has ever changed the auditor since 1991 when Chinese Stock Exchange was established. The perceptions of capital market is examined as how the investment response to the earnings quality with the audit tenure using earnings response coefficients. The impact of Audit tenure on the audit quality is examined by the piecewise linear regressions that separate the audit tenure based on the five years into two parts. One is from one to five years, the other is over five years. In the short audit tenure period, because of the decrement of auditor's information asymmetry and the increment of industry expertise, the audit quality is improved. However, the more audit tenure is long the more correlations between the auditor and the audited firm is close. The regression results show that in the short audit tenure period, there is not a significantly negative correlation between the audit tenure and discretionary accruals. However, in the long audit tenure period, there is significantly positive correlation at the 95% confidence level between them. In the long audit tenure period with the audit tenure longer the quality of discretionary accruals improve so that the audit quality decreases. These results implicate that the audit quality decrease with the long audit tenure and provide empirical evidences for the regulators when they make the policies about the auditor's objectivity. The analysis of the earnings response coefficients in the long audit tenure shows significantly positive value at 99% confidence level. It implicates that the investors evaluate the liability of the financial statements is high even the same auditor has served for the same firm more than 5 years. So that the hypothesis that there isn't any differences of the investors' responses to the abnormal expected returns between the long audit tenure and the short one. The results of the empirical study show that if the audit tenure is too long the audited firm has the possibility to manage the earnings so the audit quality will be decreased. They also implicate to the investments that it is important to consider whether the audit tenure is long or short when they examine the financial statements. Accordingly, the study will help to improve the accounting transparency and make some policies relevant to the audit objectivity. It also will be helpful for the investors and the researchers.
The technological advances of the digital computer over the second half of the twentieth century have resulted in several changes in all parts of the mathematical sciences. And discrete mathematics has now become a major area of mathematics in its own right. Discrete mathematics is a developing subject, owing to its links with computer science, statistics, and algebra. Discrete mathematics is the part of mathematics devoted to the study of discrete objects. Here discrete objects are made of finite or countably infinite collections of objects that satisfy certain properties. Discrete mathematics is an optional subject in the high school under the 7th Mathematics curriculum. And a central the mein Discrete mathematics is algorithmic thinking. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive reference book for mathematics teachers and students who need information about logic and boolean algebra. 급속도로 발전해 가는 컴퓨터를 활용한 정보화 시대를 맞아 이산수학을 학교 교육에 접목시키려는 많은 노력이 이루어졌다. 다양한 상황에서의 문제 해결력이 요구되는 오늘날 이산수학은 실생활의 이산적인 상황을 합리적으로 해결 할 수 있는 방법론 중의 하나이다. 이산수학은 이산수학의 기본적인 개념, 원리, 법칙을 활용하여 실생활에서 일어나는 유한이나 불연속의 이산 상황의 문제를 수학적으로 분류하고, 논리적으로 사고하여 합리적으로 문제를 해결하는 능력과 태도를 기르게 한다. 이에 따라 이산 수학의 내용은 이산적인 상황에 맞는 사고의 적용을 강조하여 선택과 배열, 그래프, 알고리즘, 의사결정과 최적화 등의 4개 영역으로 구성하고, 수학의 이산적인 상황의 문제를 쉽고 흥미롭게 학습할 수 있도록 다양한 실생활을 소재로 하여 구성되어 있다. 이에 본 논문은 논리적인 사고의 중요성을 강조하고 논리에 바탕을 둔 부울대수의 성질과 논리와 부울대수와의 연관성 및 그 지도 방안을 소개하였다.