공동주택관리상의 문제점과 개선방안에 관한 연구 - 위탁관리업 종사자의 의견조사를 중심으로 -

이영애,김정인,Lee, Young-Ae,Kim, Jung-In 한국주거학회 2012 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to offer improvements, by deriving practical problems and suggesting ways to improve more realistic solutions in the multi-family housing management industry. This study is conducted in two ways. First, it was performed by reviewing related previous studies and clarifying major issues in the multi-family housing management. Second, it was performed by a questionnaire survey method, focused on the worker's opinions for that matters. The respondents work in an apartment in Seoul and the metropolitan area. A questionnaire distributed via e-mail, and then were collected. And questionnaire did not respond were excluded from the analysis. Finding were as follows -; first, it was possible to clarify four types regarding major issues in the multi-family housing management such as 'management system', 'housing management market conditions', 'management consciousness of resident', 'management performances'. Second, it was found that the competition was fierce in the same kind. And it was quite a high turnover rate of workers because of poor working conditions. Third, the most hard part was that the employee welfare was not good at work.

아파트 단지 내 사이버 공동체 활성화 방안 연구 II - 사이버 공동체 콘텐츠에 대한 거주자 요구도 -

이영애,강순주,Lee, Young-Ae,Kang, Soon-Joo 한국주거학회 2009 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.20 No.1

With the development of the internet and the spread of 'digital home', apartment houses equipped with the homepages connecting apartment houses as one cyberspace unit have increased. The virtual community with a homepage in apartment complex have improved the effect on management businesses in the side of a apartment manager and increased the importance of the space with a strong tie between residents in the side of residents. But the apartment residents didn't make full use of the virtual community because they have the low level of recognition of it. Therefore, this study attempted to present basic materials for the scheme to revitalize the virtual community. For this purpose, it attempted to find residents' recognition of and participation in the virtual community and demand for the classified contents conducted before this study. In the research method, it conducted the questionnaire research. The results are as follows. 1) First of all, It was found that the apartment residents had the low level of recognition of the virtual community. There was a significant difference according to the degree and the level of using the internet. Some easy-access programs are necessary. 2) The apartment residents took part in the virtual community about 67 percents because there was a lack of the public relation of the virtual community. 3) It was found that there was a significant positive correlation between the level of recognition and participation. 4) An attempt was made to identify the apartment residents' demand for the type of virtual community contents. It was found that most of contents were needed. 'apartment complex introduction and management information' showed the highest score among them. 5) Most respondents are affirmative to the virtual community. Therefore the residential community could be reinforced if the contents of virtual community is developed and well operated in the future.

유아기 자녀의 부모를 위한 STEP 부모교육 프로그램의 효과에 관한 연구

이영애 ( Young Ae Lee ),김정미 ( Jung Mi Kim ) 열린부모교육학회 2009 열린부모교육연구 Vol.1 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 유아교육기관 부모를 대상으로 STEP 부모교육 프로그램을 적용해 보고 교육적 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 학부모 37명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 18명은 실험집단으로 19명은 통제집단으로 구분하였다. 실험집단은 2009년 6월 4일 부터 7월 23일까지, 8주 동안 주1회 120분씩 부모교육을 진행 하였으며, 통제집단은 가정통신문을 통해 부모교육 내용을 전달 하였다. STEP 부모교육 프로그램의 적용효과를 알아보기 위해 자료 분석은 SPSS 15.0 for Windows를 사용하여 t 검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째,STEP 부모교육 프로그램이 부모의 자율적 양육태도와 애정적 양육태도를 변화시키며, 통제적 양육태도와 거부적 양육태도는 감소시켜주는 효과가 있다. 둘째, STEP 부모교육 프로그램이 부모-자녀 의사소통기술을 향상시키는 효과가 있었다. 셋째, STEP 부모교육 프로그램이 부모 효능감과 부모역할에 대한 관심과 흥미를 증가시킨다. The purpose of this study is to apply STEP program to parents` of young children and verify educational effects of the study. The research questions are following. First, what effects does STEP of young children`s parents have on fostering attitude? Second, what effects does STEP of young children`s parents have on mutual understanding techniques between parents and children? Third, what effects does STEP of young children`s parents have on parents` efficacy? This research selected 37 persons of parents from N Kindergarten in Nam yang ju si, Kyung gi do. Participants were classified into experimental group of 18 and control group of 19. Fostering attitude, technique of parent-children mutual understanding, parents` efficacy were preliminarily inspected before the study. This study was held from June 4th of 2009 to July 23rd of 2009. Experimental group proceeded parent education for 120 minutes at a time, once in a week for total of 8 weeks. Control group conveyed the parent education through announcement letter. The test of experimental group and control group was operated during the last 8th week of the research using the same method of measurement. In order to understand the effect of STEP of Young Children`s Parents, SPSS 15.0 for Windows was used for data analysis to verify t. The following is a summarized research result on its application effect of STEP of Young Children`s Parents. First, the effects on how STEP program influences parents` fostering attitude were examined. In preliminary examination, both the experimental and control groups were confirmed as homogeneity group because there were no distinct differences under parents` fostering attitude between those two groups. However, after conducting an experiment, certain differences were seen. While the experimental group had increased open (t = -3.15, p<.01) and affection (t = -2.46 p<.0.5) behavior, regimental (t = -3.15, p<.01), and negative behavior (t = -2.46 p<.05) showed an evident decline. These results had shown how this program changes parents` open and affection behaviors, and how regimental and negative attitudes can be reduced. Second, when examining the effects of STEP program which influences parent-children mutual understanding techniques, both the experimental and control group were considered as homogeneity groups due to ambiguous differences on parent-children communication skills. However, after the experiment certain differences were observed. Parent-children communication skills of the experimental group, against the control group, had increased (t = 3.65, p<.001) which indicates that the STEP program improves the communication skills between the parents and children. Third, in preliminary experiment, both the experimental and control groups had not shown any certain differences on parents` efficacy which leaves them as a homogeneity group, but there were some recognizable differences after the observation. Compared to the control group, while the parents` efficacy (t = 2.36 p<.05) and the interests about the parenting (t = 2.31, p<.05) of the experimental group had improved, the anxiety and uneasiness as a parent were not showing a huge difference among those two groups.

영유아권리에 대한 예비유아교사의 인식

이영애(Young-Ae Lee),곽정인(Jung-In Kwak) 한국콘텐츠학회 2013 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.13 No.11

본 연구는 예비유아교사들의 영유아권리의 중요성 및 권리교육에 대한 필요성의 인식을 알아보기 위한 목적으로 서울, 경기, 충청, 전라, 제주도의 3년제 전문대학 6곳의 유아교육과 1, 2, 3학년 525명을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 예비유아교사들은 영유아 권리의 중요성을 비교적 높게 인식하고 있었다. 예비유아교사들은 학년이 높을수록 영유아의 권리를 더 중요하다고 인식하였다. 또한 권리관련 교과목을 수강한 예비유아교사들이 영유아권리가 더 중요하다고 인식하였다. 둘째, 예비유아교사들은 영유아의 권리교육 필요성을 높게 인식하고 있었다. 1, 2학년보다 3학년이 영유아의 권리교육이 더 필요하다고 인식하였다. 반면 권리관련 과목 수강여부에 따라서는 영유아 권리교육의 필요성에 대한 인식은 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 예비유아교사들은 영유아 권리의 중요성 보다 권리교육의 필요성을 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. This research was conducted to investigate the perception of pre-service early childhood teachers regarding the importance of the rights of young children and necessity of the education of the rights. The survey covered 525 students attending six three-year-course colleges in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, Chonra-do, Gyeongsang-do, and Jeju-do, Korea. They were in their freshmen, sophomore, and junior year majoring in early childhood education. Firstly, the research found that pre-service early childhood teachers awareness towards the importance children’s rights was relatively high. The higher grade they were, the better perception for the importance of the rights of young children they had. Additionally, the teachers who were registered for courses related to the rights of young children understood the importance of children’s rights especially well. Secondly, pre-service early childhood teachers highly recognized the necessity of education for the rights of young children. Compared to the freshmen and sophomores, the juniors had higher awareness levels about the necessity of early childhood education rights. On the other hand, being in a related course or not made no difference in their perception for the necessity of early childhood education rights. Lastly, pre-service childhood teachers had greater concern for the necessity of education rights rather than the importance of the rights of young children.

키워드 네트워크 분석을 활용한 유아 부모의 양육스트레스 관련 연구 동향분석

홍윤정 ( Hong Yun Jeong ),김선희 ( Kim Seon Hui ),이영애 ( Lee Young Ae ) 한국유아교육학회 2023 유아교육연구 Vol.43 No.3

본 연구에서는 키워드 네트워크 분석을 활용하여 유아 부모의 양육스트레스 관련 연구 동향을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 1996년부터 2021년까지 유아 부모의 양육스트레스 관련 논문 총 246편의 키워드를 대상으로 Excel을 활용하여 출현 빈도를 산출하고, UCINET을 활용하여 네트워크 중심성을 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 1996년부터 2021년까지 전체 연구기간 네트워크 분석 결과, ‘양육태도’, ‘유아문제행동’, ‘유아기질’이 출현 빈도와 중심성에서 모두 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 연구 시기별 네트워크 분석 결과, 1기(1996~2006)에는 ‘양육태도’, ‘유아기질’, ‘사회적지지’, ‘자녀성별’, ‘양육효능감’, ‘취업 여부’가, 2기(2007~2011)에는 ‘양육태도’, ‘유아기질’, ‘부모역할’, ‘부모교육’, ‘부모인식’, ‘매개효과’가, 3기(2012~2016)에는 ‘양육태도’, ‘우울’, ‘양육참여’, ‘양육효능감’, ‘자기상대방효과’가, 4기(2017~2021)에는 ‘유아문제행동’, ‘양육태도’, ‘매개효과’, ‘공동양육’, ‘가족 상호작용’이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 기초로 유아 부모의 양육스트레스 관련 연구주제의 과거와 현재를 탐색하여 향후 진행될 연구 방향의 다변화를 모색할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study utilized keyword network analysis to examine research trends related to parenting stress among young children's parents. To this end, 246 keywords from academic journals on parenting stress among young children's parents published between 1996 and 2021 were analyzed for frequency of occurrence using Excel, and network centrality was analyzed using the UCINET program. The results are as follows. First, for the entire study period, ‘parenting attitude’, ‘young children’s problematic behavior’ and ‘young children’s temperament’ appeared with high frequency and centrality. Second, according to the results of the network analysis by period, the keywords ‘parenting attitude’, ‘young children’s temperament’, ‘social support’, ‘young children’s gender’, ‘parenting self-efficacy’, and ‘mother’s employment’, were prominent in the first period (1996-2006), while ‘parenting attitude’, ‘young children’s temperament’, ‘parental role’, ‘parent education’, ‘parental perception’ and ‘mediating effects’ were prominent in the second period (2007-2011). In the third period (2012-2016), ‘parenting attitude’, ‘depression’, ‘parenting involvement’, ‘parenting self-efficacy’, and ‘actor and partner effects’ were prominent, and in the fourth period (2017-2021), ‘young children's problematic behavior’, ‘parenting attitude’, ‘mediating effects’, ‘co-parenting’, and ‘family interaction’ were prominent. Based on the results of this study, a possible diversification of future research directions is expected through exploring the past and present of research topics related to parenting stress in young children’s parents.

유아문학교육에 대한 유아교사의 인식

김정화 ( Jung Wha Kim ),서정숙 ( Jeong Sook Seo ),이영애 ( Young Ae Lee ) 한국어린이문학교육학회 2010 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.11 No.1

유아교육에서 문학교육을 독립된 교과 영역으로 보고자 하는 연구가 늘어남에 따라 유아문학교육을 위한 교사교육 프로그램의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 유아교사의 문학교육에 대한 인식을 여러 교사 변인에 따라 심층적으로 조사하여 향후 유아문학교육을 위한 교사교육 프로그램의 구성에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울시와 경기도에 소재한 유치원 및 어린이집에서 근무하는 교사 126명이다. 설문 항목은 유아문학교육의 목표 및 성격, 유아문학 작품 및 작가, 유아에 대한 이해 및 문학작품의 적합성, 유아문학교육의 교수방법, 유아문학교육의 평가, 유아문학교육에 대한 교사의 유능감에 대한 것이었다. 연구 결과, 유아교사의 문학교육에 대한 인식 정도는 대체로 높았지만 유아문학교육의 평가, 유아문학작품 및 작가에 대한 인식 정도는 낮았다. 교사의 변인별로는 유아교사의 학력이 높을수록 문학교육에 대한 인식 정도는 높았지만, 교사의 관련 과목 수강 여부나 현직교육 경험 여부에 따른 인식 차이는 전체적으로는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 앞으로 유아문학교육을 위해 유아문학교육 평가, 유아문학작품 및 작가에 대한 교육의 강화를 비롯하여 좀 더 효과적인 교사교육 프로그램이 개발·운영 될 필요가 있다. The necessity of a program to educate early childhood teachers on literature education for young children has been recently raised as there are increasing investigations based on the notion that literature education for young children can be a separate curriculum in early childhood education. However, there is no investigation on teachers` perception on the literature education. To provide necessary data to make a better literature teaching program for early childhood teachers, this research carries out an in-depth investigation on early childhood teachers` perception of literature education for young children depending on teacher variables. The subject consists of 126 early childhood teachers working in kindergartens and child care centers located in Seoul and Kyunggi-do. The survey items are the goal and characteristics of literature education for young children, the understanding of children`s literature and writers, the understanding of young children and the suitability of children`s literature, the teaching method of literature education for young children, the evaluation of literature education for young children, and teachers` competence of literature education. This investigation shows that the level of teachers` overall perception on literature education is generally high but that the levels of their perceptions on the evaluation of literature education, literature and writers are relatively low. The study on the effects of teacher variables shows that the level of the perception on literature education is higher as the level of their education is higher but that literature-related course taking or teaching experiences do not make significant difference in their perception on the literature education. Therefore, there is a need to develop and operate a more effective, improved teacher program in every aspect including literature education evaluation and the education on literature and writers.

만성질환자 가족의 질병 적응과정 연구(1) -한방병원에 입원한 뇌졸증 환자를 중심으로-

이영애 ( Young Ae Lee ) 경희대학교 동서간호학연구소 1998 동서간호학연구지 Vol.3 No.1

This study was conducted to identify the adaptation process of the families with chronically ill patients. A descriptive comparative research design was used to the subjects of forty families that have stroke patients at an oriental medical hospital. Research tools were Demands of Illness Inven-tory(Woods, Haberman & Packard, 1987), Relative and Friend Support Index(McCubbin, Patterson & Glynn, 1982), Family Coping-Coherence Index(Mccubbin, Larsen & Olson, 1982), Family Hardiness Index(McCub-bin, McCubbin & Thompson, 1986). And Family Member Wellbeing Scale(McCub-bin, McCubbin & Thompson, 1986). Data were collected from October 7, 1998 to November 7, 1998 at an oriental medical hospital located in IkSan city. The number of cases was forty and the data were analyzed by SPSSPC. Descriptive statistics of frequency, number, mean and standard deviation were used to report the results. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant differences between the two groups on the family stress. 2. There was significant differences between the two groups on the family strength(t value=-3.09, p value=.004). 3. There was significant differences between the two groups on the family adaptation(t value=-2.08, pvalue=.05).

미국 노인들의 빈곤이행에 대한 삶의 사건들이 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이영애 ( Young Ae Lee ) 한국소비자학회 2011 소비자학연구 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 미국의 빈곤노인들에 대한 노년기 삶의 다양한 경험들의 영향과 빈곤이행 경향을 분석하는데 있다. 고령화로 인한 사회적 문제는 점점 더 심각해지고 있고, 노인빈곤은 개인들의 삶을 통틀어 복잡한 인관관계에 의해 발생한다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 노인빈곤에 대한 이해를 증진시키고, 고령화시대를 맞이하는 기본적인 정책적 제언을 하고자 한다. 본 연구에 사용된 자료는 미국의 “Health and Retirement Study”(HRS)로 2년에 한번씩 수집되는 전국적인 패널조사이다. 본 연구는 노인빈곤의 특성과 빈곤이행에 대한 동태적인 경향을 살펴보기 위해 HRS가 처음으로 수집되었던 1992년부터 가장 최근의 자료인 2006년까지 총 8차년도의 자료를 대상으로 50세 이상(HRS 원자료의 표본이 50세이상부터 표집되었음)의 30,405명의 노인들을 조사대상으로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지난 15년간의 미국의 동태적인 노인빈곤경향을 파악하기 위해 빈곤탈출, 빈곤재진입 위험율을 추정함에 있어 Kaplan-Meier product-limt 추정법을 이용하였다. 또한 노인의 빈곤이행에 영향을 미치는 다양한 노년기 삶의 경험들의 영향력을 분석하기 위해 이산시간위험모델(discrete-time hazard model)을 적용하여 빈곤진입과 빈곤탈출 모형을 분리하여 분석하였다. 이러한 다변량분석기법은 노인빈곤에 대해 관찰되지 않는 이질성을 이해하는데 기초적인 도움을 주게 되며, 나아가 노인빈곤의 원인을 보다 실질적으로 규명하는데 도움을 줄 수 있게 된다. 본 연구의 대략적인 결과는 다음과 같다. Kaplan-Meier product-limt 추정법을 이용하여 전체 응답자들의 지난 15년간의 빈곤탈출율과 재진입율을 분석한 결과, 빈곤지속기간이 증가할수록 빈곤탈출율은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 비빈곤기간이 증가함에도 불구하고 빈곤재진입율은 약 10%정도로 일정한 것으로 나타났다. 노인빈곤이행에 영향을 주는 요인들을 이산시간위험모델로 분석한 결과, 노인빈곤진입에 영향을 주는 사건들로는 은퇴와 나빠진 건강상태로 나타났으며, 빈곤탈출에 영향을 주는 요인들로는 은퇴, 증가된 총자산, 정부 복지프로그램의 수급자 선정 등의 사건들로 나타났다. 생애변수 선정된 총 노동시장 참여 년수와 결혼지속년수는 노인의 빈곤진입과 탈출에 모두 주요한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 빈곤지속기간이 증가할수록 빈곤탈출율이 감소하기 때문에 한번 빈곤에 진입한 노인들의 경우는 그들의 노년기를 빈곤하게 보낼 수밖에 없다는 것을 의미하며, 노인들의 빈곤 재진입율이 일정하게 유지되는 결과를 통해 노년층의 소득수준이 빈곤선 이하로 떨어질 위험에 노출되어 있는 가능성이 매우 높다는 것을 추론할 수 있다. 은퇴의 경우 빈곤진입과 탈출에 모두 중요한 변수로 작용하고 있음을 나타낸다. 따라서 은퇴기 이후를 대비하기 위한 노년기 소득보장대책이 강화되어야 함을 제언할 수 있다. 노년기는 생애과정을 통해 축적된 적정한 수준의 경제적 안정이 보장되어 있지 않거나, 만성질환의 발생으로 인한 건강악화로 인해 최소한의 경제적 안정없이 생을 마감해야 할지도 모르는 위험에 노출되어 있다는 것을 의미하게 된다. 경제적으로 취약한 노인집단인 빈곤노인들과 장애노인들의 건강불균형을 정책적으로 해소하고 그들을 위한 각종 보장혜택을 강구하는 방안이 고민되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to examine the likelihood of poverty transition and the effects of different events on poor elderly. This study is important because the aging population has grown rapidly, and elderly poverty involves many complex relationships across an individual`s life span. The contributions of this study are to improve the understanding of elderly poverty and to provide considerable policy implications for elderly demographic changes in the future. The data for this study are from the years 1992-2006 of the Health and Retirement Study(HRS) and the sample consists of 30,405 elderly individuals from eight waves. To examine the incidence and dynamics of elderly poverty, the poverty exit(re-entry) hazard rate based on Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimates are used. Entry into and exit from elderly poverty models are separately used to estimate the conditional relationship between poverty transition and multiple trigger events as well as various covariates using the discrete-time hazard model. These multivariate techniques show a more realistic picture of elderly poverty transition in terms of providing a preliminary explanation of the unobserved heterogeneity of the elderly poverty. The major findings are: (1) in terms of poverty entry and exit rates, the exit rate was decreased during the 1990s, but the rate was increased during the 2000s while the entry rate fell somewhat during the 1990s and rose somewhat during the 2000s; (2) as the length of the poverty spell increased, the probability of poverty exit decreased; (3) as the non-poverty duration increases, the poverty reentry rates are constant at around 10 percent; (4) retirement and a negative change in health condition both have significant effects on elderly poverty entry, while retirement, increase in total wealth, and becoming insured from any government health program all have significant effects on elderly poverty exit; and (5) life history variables, such as total years of work and length of marriage have significant effects on both elderly poverty entry and exit. Results from the hazard rates(exit and re-entry rate) imply that a person who falls into poverty during his or her elderly years is highly likely to remain poor because the exit probabilities fall as the length of the poverty spell increases. In addition, the results of constant re-entry rates infer that the elderly population is exposed to the risk of falling to an income that puts them below the poverty line. Results from multivariate analysis suggest that retirement has an important role in elderly poverty transition and a negative change in health condition also has positive impact on elderly poverty entry. Thus, effective income support programs and social policies for the elderly help to prevent elderly individuals from becoming poor.

아유르베다 체질과 청소년기의 여드름 상태에 관한 상관성 연구

이영애(Young Ae Lee),한채정(Chae Jeong Han) 한국인체미용예술학회 2009 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.10 No.4

The purpose of this study is to examine correlations between adolecscents' acne states and Ayurvedic constitutions. For the purpose, this researcher surveyed high school students by using 428 copies of a questionnaire. Data from the survey were analyzed through SPSS WIN 12.0 Program. Findings of the study can be summarized as follows Most of the surveyed students were classified as Pitta in accordance with Ayurvedic constitutions. Among the subjects, those who belonged to Kapha in accordance with the same types had lots of acne some of which were purpulent or papular. Those students who were Pitta in body type had lots of blackheads and those whose body type was Vata had no acne. In conclusion, there are significant correlations between Ayurvedic constitutions and acne skins, especially highest in case of one of the types, Kapha. We suggest that various methods should be developed by using the results of this study as the basic data, such as developing effective skin care methods for teenagers according to their Ayurvedic constitution, especially a customed system for acne skin care that have practical use in aesthetics for each constitutions. Various skin conditions in addition to acne should be classified according to each constitutions in order to supplement more accurate contingency variables. Also, a more precise and generalized study should be performed in the apsect of beauty care.

집단미술치료가 공격적인 유아의 자아존중감에 미치는 효과

이영애 ( Young Ae Lee ) 대경교육학회 ( 구 우리교육학회 ) 2004 교육학논총 Vol.25 No.2