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이승노 대한영상의학회 1978 대한영상의학회지 Vol.14 No.2
Choriocarcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm and it arises from the fetal trophoblast most commonly. It may develop after full term delivery, miscarriage or hydatidiform mole and demonstrate early and high incidence of metastases to lung, brain, liver, kidney, bone and even skin. The diagnosis of the choriocarcinoma is made by the hormonal, microscopic and angiographic studies. The most frequent sites of primary metastases are lung and vaginal. Once the abdominal viscera, kidney and brain are involved, the prognosis is invariably fatal. Recently, we experienced a case of choriocarcinoma which had metastasized to lung and kidney. A 31-year-old woman was admitted to Seoul National University Hospital with the chief complaint of hematuria. She had a history of evacuation of hydatidiform mole 5 years ago. On admission, urine H.C.G. test became positive but there was no evidence of trophoblastic disease in endometrial curettage. Chest P-A showed multiple various sized nodular and streak densities in both sides of perihilar and peripheral lung fields. In retrograde pyelographic study, size of right kidney was enlarged and filling of calyceopelvic system was incomplete but there was no evidence of definite mass lesion. Selective renal arteriographic findings were; a large renal tumor in upper pole of right kidney with abnormal tumor vessels, arterial encasement, aneurysmal dilatations and possible arteriovenous shunts in arterial phase, and persistent aneurysmal vascular lakes in venous phase. 25 days after admission, she was performed right nephrectomy totally and confirmed as a choriocarcinoma histologically. Authors report this case with brief review of literatures.
이승노 彗田大學 2006 論文集 Vol.24 No.-
This paper considers a class of budget-based performance evaluation schemes with the desirable feature that would induce an informed manager to set unbiased standards. First, I introduce and explicate the concept of goal congruence under uncertainty with a conceptual framework and provide a numerical example. I develop a theoretical framework, i.e., the implied risk preference criterion approach, analyze goal congruence under uncertainty and the effects of performance evaluation measures. Second, I show that budget-based performance schemes are frequently optimal incentive contracts in the presence of moral hazard. Third, I explore conventional questions of why and how budgets should be employed for motivation purposes in an economic setting. This part focuses on the types of employment contracts associated with equilibrium allocations in the labor market.