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이승구,노현수,홍승표,이규종,왕지원,태동년,엄기남,방상구,김영준,성문희,Lee, Seung-Goo,Ro, Hyeon-Su,Hong, Seung-Pyo,Lee, Kyu-Jong,Wang, Ji-Won,Tae, Dong-Nyeon,Uhm, Ki-Nam,Bang, Sang-Gu,Kim, Young-Jun,Sung, Moon-Hee 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.1
By using the ${\beta}$-tyrosinase of Citrobacter freundii KCT2006, which was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) was synthesized efficiently from pyrocatechol, sodium pyruvate, and ammonium acetate. Optimal temperature and pH for the reaction were determined to be about 18$^{\circ}C$ and 8.5, respectively. The effects of substrate concentrations were also examined at different concentrations of ammonium acetate, sodium pyruvate, and pyrocatechol. Ammoniumacetate and sodium pyruvate increased the reaction rate until the concentrations reached to 300mM and 50mM, respectively. Although pyrocatechol showed the optimal concentration at 20mM, it was controlled between 20mM and 50mM to avoid the depletion of substrate during the enzymatic synthesis. Meanwhile the synthetic rate was improved about 20% when ethanol was included in the reaction solution. Based on above results, a reaction medium for the productin of L-DOPA was prepared and incubated with 1 unit/ml of ${\beta}$-tyrosinase. Pyrocatechol and sodium pyruvate was added to the reaction solutin intermittently to avoid the substrate depletion during the enzymatic reaction. After 24 hour of reaction, 31.6g/l of L-DOPA was accumulated in the reaction solution as soluble and precipitated ones and the conversion yield was about 85.2%.
삶의 체계로서의 칼빈주의 제시와 그 의미; 우리에게 아브라함 카이퍼는 무엇을 의미하는가?
이승구 ( Seung Goo Lee ) 한국성경적상담학회 2013 성경과 상담 Vol.12 No.-
아브라함 카이퍼가《칼빈주의 강연》에서 이교주의, 이슬람교, 자연과은총의 틀을 지닌 천주교 사상과 대조하여 하나의 삶의 체계로 제시한 칼빈주의가 진정으로 이 땅 가운데 뿌리 내리기 위해서는 이 땅의 각 영역에서 활동하는 모든 그리스도인들이 모든 기독교적 활동의 기초로서 진정한 기독교적 신앙을 가지고, 중요생의 필요성을 절대적으로 믿으며, 성경의 영감과 무오성을 믿어 성경이 하나님의 말씀이라는 것을 절대적으로 믿으면서 이 세상 속에서 하나님의 의도를 구형하는 적극적인 활동을 해야 한다는 점을 밝힌 후에 그런 활동 중에서 특히 기독교 학문을 할 때는 두 가지 다른 학문의 반립(反立, anti-thesis)성을 분명히 의식하면서 중생자의 학문적 작업으로 기독교 학문을 하려고 하고, 이 때 기본적 전제와 방법론이 다르기 때문에 주어지는 조소와 비난을 감수하면서도 학문적 수월성을 나타내야 한다는 점을 지적하고, 기독교 상담에 이를 어떻게 적용해야 하는지를 간단히 고찰하였다. In this paper I have examined the significance of Abraham Kuyper`s proposal of Calvinism as a life-system, contrasted to paganism, Islam, Roman Catholicism as life-systems, to the Korean Christians in the 21st Century. In order to see the proper fruits of this proposal we, the Koran Christians in every spheres of life, should have a genuine Christian faith, so we should absolutely believe (1) the need of regeneration and the monergistic work of the Holy Spirit, (2) the necessity of atonement that was done on the cross of Christ, (3) the inspiration and inerrancy of the Scriptures, and (4) the need of active engagement of Christians with every sort of things in the world in order to carry out God`s intention in the world. Christian scholarship as one example of such a active engagement must be done in sheer consciousness of the antithesis of the Christian scholarship and non-Christian scholarship. Hence the Christian scholars should show their academic excellency in the environment of critical confrontation. Lastly, I have draw ouit some implication of this ideas to Biblical counseling.