http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
유연포장 필름의 종류 및 두께에 따른 화랑곡나방 침투율 연구
이수현(Soo Hyun Lee),권상조(Sang-Jo Kwon),이상은(Sang Eun Lee),김정헌(Jeong-Heon Kim),이정수(Jung-Soo Lee),나자현(Ja Hyun Na),한재준(Jaejoon Han) 한국식품과학회 2014 한국식품과학회지 Vol.46 No.6
이 연구에서는 식품포장분야에 사용되는 유연포장재들의 두께에 따른 방충효과를 규명하여 각각의 포장재에서 일정 수준의 방충효과를 나타내기 위한 필름의 최적의 조건을 연구하고자 하였다. 식품용 유연포장재들 중에서도 가장 널리 이용되고 있는 PE, PP, PS, AF, PET를 채택하여 실험을 진행한 결과, 각 포장재들의 두께에 따른 화랑곡나방 유충에 의한 침투율은 전반적으로 필름의 종류에 관계없이 두께가 얇을수록 포장재 내부로 빠르게 침투하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 PP와 PS의 경우 다른 필름들과는 다르게 각각 20 μm와 30 μm에서 72시간 이내에 100% 침투되는 결과값을 보여 방충포장소재로서의 상대적인 취약함을 보였다. 결과적으로 필름의 종류에 상관없이 두께가 증가할 수록 화랑곡나방 유충의 침투율이 낮아진다는 것을 보여 주었다. 따라서 식품 내 해충과 같은 동물성 이물의 혼입을 방지하기 위해서는 포장 소재의 종류에 따라 특정 두께 이상을 확보해야 한다고 판단된다. This study investigated the effect of perforation by the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) larvae on various flexible food-packaging films, in relation to their thickness and type. Among the various flexible packaging films, polyethylene (PE), aluminum foil (AF), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were selected for this study due to their wide usage in food packaging. Based on their thickness, film penetration by P. interpunctella larvae was measured as in following order: PP, 20 μm; AF, 9 μm; PET, 12 μm; PP, 30 μm; PS, 30 μm; PE, 40 μm; PE, 35 μm; PS, 60 μm; and PET, 16 μm. P. interpunctella larvae rapidly penetrated through the packaging films regardless of their thickness and type. In particular, it was observed that PP of 20 μm and PS of 30 μm were completely penetrated by P. interpunctella larvae within 72 h, rendering thin PP and PS films less valuable as anti-insect packaging films. Our results show that the perforations by P. interpunctella larvae were observed in the thin films. These results imply that each packaging film has a marginal thickness against the perforations by P. interpunctella larvae.
균혈증 및 패혈증의 임상 양상 및 예후 인자에 대한 고찰
이수봉(Soo Bong Lee),이우철(Woo Chul Lee),정현철(Hyun Chul Jung),송상헌(Sang Heun Song),이동원(Dong Won Lee),김용범(Yong Bum Kim),정주섭(Joo Seop Chung),곽임수(Ihm Soo Kwak),조군제(Goon Jae Cho),나하연(Ha Youn Rha),장철훈(Chul Hun Ch 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.56 No.3
N/A Objectives : In spite of the improvement in therapeutic strategy, the mortality rate from sepsis is still high. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of sepsis to get help in treatment and estimation of prognosis of sepsis. Methods : We analyzed the clinical and bacteriologic data of 313 admitted patients with bacteremia at Pusan National University Hospital from Jan., 1996 to Dec., 1997 retrospectively and all patients were categorized into 4 groups (bacteremia, sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock) by the definition from American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference, 1992. Results : 1) Male to female ratio was 1.22 : 1 and mean age was 52 years. 2) The overall mortality rate was 32.3% and the mortality rates of bacteremia, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock were 14.9%, 22.8%, 52.0%, and 95.2%, respectively. 3) Underlying diseases predisposing to bacteremia were diabetes mellitus(14.4%), solid cancer (13.1%), hematologic malignancy(10.2%) and liver cirrhosis(9.9%), but the most common was no underlying disease. 4) Among the total 80 species of isolated microorganisms, gram-positive organisms were responsible in 169 cases, gram-negative organisms in 218 cases. E. coli was isolated most frequently, followed by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Str. viridans group, CNS, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi. 5) Although the source of bacteremia could not be identified in 28.8% of the patients, the others had the primary site of infections ; skin(17.9%), gastrointestinal tract(16.9%), respiratory tract(12.5%), urinary tract(9.9%) and biliary tract(7.3%). 6) The mortality rate in patients with gram-positive bacteremia was 39.4%, with gram-negative bacteremia was 20.9% and with polymicrobial bacteremia was 33.3%. MRSA sepsis showed the highest mortality rate(58.8%), followed by Enterococcus spp.(50.0%), K. pneumoniae (35.0%), P. aeruginosa(27.3%) and E. coli(18.8%). 7) There was significant relation between etiologic organisms of bacteremia and the primary site of infections. 8) Using logistic regression analysis, mortality was predicted by disseminated intravascular coagulation, severity of sepsis and severity of underlying diseases. Conclusion : Sepsis occurred in 16 patients among 1,000 adult admitted patients and overall mortality rate was 32.3%, still high. The mortality rate had positive correlation with the severity of sepsis. Among 16 evaluated risk factors of mortality, mortality was predicted by disseminated intravascular coagulation, severity of sepsis and severity of underlying disease.
실험연구 : Nicorandil이 Rocuronium의 약력학에 미치는 효과
이수일 ( Soo Il Lee ),이종환 ( Jong Hwan Lee ),이승철 ( Seung Cheol Lee ),이정무 ( Jung Moo Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2006 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.50 No.5
Background: Some investigators have shown that nicorandil, a KATP channel opener, depresses the neuromuscular transmission contraction of the skeletal muscle. However, others have reported that it improves the recovery of vecuronium relaxation and the myotonic activity of muscle. This study investigated the effect of nicorandil on rocuronium relaxation. Methods: Hemidiaphragm-phrenic nerve preparations were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-250 g). The preparations were bathed in Krebs` solution containing in (mM): NaCl 118, KCl 5, CaCl2 2.5, NaHCO3 30, KH2PO4 1, MgCl2 1 and glucose 11. The preparations were, then maintained at 32℃ and aerated with a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Isometric forces that were generated in response to 0.1 Hz, and, 50 Hz for 1.9 seconds with supramaximal electrical stimulation (0.2 msec, rectangular) to the phrenic nerve were measured using a force transducer. The single twitch tension (ST) and peak tetanic tension (PTT) were calculated as % inhibition of the control, and the tetanic fade (TF), as % increase in the PTT. Each preparation was exposed to one of the 6 nicorandil concentrations (0.0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10μM), and the adequate volume of the rocuronium solution was cumulatively added to the tissue bath for a desired rocuronium concentration until there was an 80-90% decrease in the ST. The effect of rocuronium at each concentration was allowed to reach a steady state before the tension parameters were measured. The EC5, EC25, EC50, EC75, and EC95 of rocuronium for the ST, PTT and TF were calculated using a probit model. The differences between the EC50 of rocuronium according to the nicorandil concentrations were tested using a t-test and a Bonferroni`s correction. Results: 1.25 and 2.5μM nicorandil shifted the cumulative concentration-response curves for the TF of rocuronium to the right. 5 and 10μM nicorandil shifted the cumulative concentration-response curves for the ST of rocuronium to the left. Conclusions: Lower concentration of nicorandil may help maintain the tetanic contraction during rocuronium relaxation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2006; 50: 567~71)