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이선화 동덕여자대학교 공연예술대학원 2015 국내석사
본 논문은 석사과정 이수를 위한 졸업 공연에서 발표한 네 곡의 작품을 분석한 것이다. 작품 분석은 대학원 과정에서 학습한 내용을 바탕으로 작품의 배경, 형식, 선율, 화성, 가사 구조를 분석하여 창작자의 음악적 의도를 확인하고 각 작품의 특성을 설명 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 졸업 작품의 큰 주제는 <The Letter>이고, 전체적인 곡의 분위기와 주제는 가요 스타일로 작곡하였다. 각 곡 들의 느낌을 효과적으로 표현할 수 있도록 장르에 따른 코드(Chord) 진행이나 악기편성에 비중을 두었다. 또한 곡마다 각기 다른 창작자의 가창방법을 적용하여 가사전달과 가창기교 등 본인의 노래 스타일을 잘 나타낼 수 있는 곡으로 작곡하였다.
이선화 서울산업대학원 산업대학원 2010 국내석사
유기 반응들 중에는 자연적인 현상으로써 쉽게 이루어지는 반응이 있는가 하면, 물리적 혹은 화학적 힘을 가해 추가적인 에너지를 공급하는 조건 하에서만 반응이 이루어지는 경우가 있다. 후자의 경우 다양한 반응 촉매를 사용하여 반응의 효율을 높이는 방법을 주로 사용하고 있는데, 이렇듯 어려운 반응을 쉽게 이루어지게 하는 촉매의 개발과 적용이 실험실 내 연구 분야뿐만 아니라 화학 산업 분야에서도 가장 중요한 과제 중 하나로 꼽히고 있다. 촉매 반응계에는 크게 균일 촉매계와 불균일 촉매계로 나누어진다. 균일 촉매는 금속을 함유하고 있는 촉매 물질이 반응 용매에 용해되어 쉽게 균일화 되는 촉매를 가리키는 것이다. 반면 불균일 촉매는 금속을 함유하고 있는 촉매 물질이 반응 용매에 용해되지 않아 불균일 상으로 존재하는 촉매를 가리킨다. 균일 촉매는 대부분 반응성과 선택성이 불균일 촉매에 비해 탁월한 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 고부가가치의 유기 화합물을 합성하는데 매우 우수한 촉매 역할을 한다. 불균일 촉매는 균일 촉매에 비해 촉매 능력은 조금 떨어지지만, 간단한 여과와 세척 작업을 통해 촉매를 회수하여 재사용 하는 과정이 가능하다. 즉 친환경적이며 경제적이라고 할 수 있기 때문에 주로 산업적인 화학물질의 대량 제조에 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 위의 두 가지 촉매의 장단점을 이용하여 실험을 진행하고, 그에 따른 결과를 통해 촉매에 의한 효과를 분석하는 것에 초점을 맞추었다. Part Ⅰ: In chemical industry, heterogeneous catalysts appear very attractive because of their recyclability. They are absolutely useful catalysts because they could be easily separated from the reaction products. On the other hand, homogeneous catalysts usually have outstanding catalytic activity and selectivity. Therefore these catalysts definitely useful in the field of fine chemistry. We examined the catalytic activity of many polymers that have various structures. They were obtained by self-assembly in various solvent conditions and contained different metal ions and organic ligands. We have examined the catalytic activity of many polymers for transesterification of ester. PartⅡ: The epoxidation of olefins into the corresponding epoxide plays an important role in organic synthesis. We have developed highly efficient catalytic epoxidation of olefins with MCPBA and PhIO catalyzed by Mn clusters, [{Mn(Saloph)H2O}4Re4Te4(CN)12] and [{Mn(Saloph)H2O}4Re4Se4(CN)12]. Hydrocarbon oxidation by these catalysts was proposed to involve an Mn(V)-oxo species which is formed upon heterolytic O-O bond cleavage of an Mn-acylperoxo intermediate (Mn-OOC(O)R). Evidence for this Mn(V)-oxo species was derived from H218O-exchange experiments, and the use of peroxyphenylacetic acid (PPAA) as the oxidant. Part Ⅲ: We have examined the epoxidation of cyclohexene into the corresponding epoxide with peroxyphenylacetic acid (PPAA) catalyzed by Mn bpb complexes. Hydrocarbon oxidation by these catalysts was proposed to involve an Mn(V)-oxo species which is formed upon heterolytic O-O bond cleavage of an Mn-acylperoxo intermediate (Mn-OOC(O)R). Evidence for this Mn(V)-oxo species was derived from the use of peroxyphenylacetic acid (PPAA) as the oxidant. And we have examined the epoxidation of olefins and the oxidation of primary alcohols into corresponding compounds with PhIO catalyzed by Co bpb complexes.
상황학습이론에 의한 영어과 수업이 학습 태도에 미치는 영향
이선화 전북대학교 교육대학원 2009 국내석사
The purpose of this study lies in discovering the effect of an English language class based on situated learning theory on learning attitudes. With this goal, the study established the following research questions. First, what kind of change does the English language class based on situated learning theory result in the learning attitude of sixth graders in an elementary school? Second, what kind of change does the English language class based on situated learning theory result in the learning attitude of sixth graders in elementary school according to scholastic achievement level? For this research, the study selected 80 sixth graders in S Elementary School located in Gunsan City, Jeollabuk-do. The selected students were a relatively homogeneous group, and, also, a nature class were composed in the early school year with similar levels of cultural and economic backgrounds. The participating children were made up of 20 male students and 20 female students, totalling 40 students. Meanwhile, the control group consisted of an equal number of students including 20 males and 20 females, totalling 40 students. The pre-learning attitude test for the English language was administered before the beginning of the first class of the research. Then a post-learning attitude test for the English language was performed after offering the English language class for 25 hours during an one week period. The pre-learning attitude test result of the English language found that the average of the control group was 2.28, the test group was 2.74 and thus, the average of the control group was about 0.08 higher. However, the analysis result of the difference in the learning attitude in the English language by groups discovered that there was no significant difference with a significance level of .05. Thus, the two groups may be homogeneous groups in light of learning attitude in the English language before beginning the research. As a result of the post-learning attitude test result in the English language, the average of the control group was 2.84 and the test groups was 3.10, respectively; thus, the average of the test group was 0.26 higher. The difference in the average scores was significant with the level of .001. In other words, the English language based on situated learning theory might have changed the learners' learning attitude in the English language in a positive direction. For the learning attitude test result in the English language of the test group according to the scholastic achievement level, the differences in the averages of pre-and post-test scores between a group with above-average English scores and a group with below-average English scores were .42 and .32, respectively; thus, the group with the above-average English scores were 0.1 higher. Also, as an analysis result of the difference in the learning attitude in the English language by groups, the difference in the average scores was significant with a significance level of .01. To put it differently, the English language class based on situated learning theory might have changed the learning attitude of students with a higher scholastic achievement level in the English language in a positive direction. That is, as a result of the English language class based on situated learning theory, the students' learning attitudes changed in a positive manner more than that of the class not utilizing the situated learning theory. This means that the class based on the situated learning theory was more effective for students with a higher achievement level. Based on the above results, the study is to propose the following in relation to research. First, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research into the meaning of situated learning, and to develop various class models concerning the English contents of each unit, subsequently. Second, in order to realize situated learning, research needs to be conducted into the utilization of data in each school as well as into the development of English teaching materials.
Anatomical, physical, and mechanical characteristics of seven cultivars of chestnut wood(Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) in Korea, Tanzawa, Ibuki, Mansung, Arima, Ginyose, Tsukuba, and Riheiguri, were investigated to obtain some valuable information for their possibilities to be used for effective utilization. Solitary pore and figured-porous or ring-porous wood types were observed in wide growth rings, and ring-porous in narrow growth rings. Procumbent type was prevalent in ray cells although upright and square types were scarcely existed. Uniseriate, biseriate, and multiseriate rays were observed in tangential section. Uniseriate ray was abundant near the pith, and biseriate and multiseriate rays were frequently existed near the bark. The occurrence rate of biseriate and multiseriate rays was significantly high in Tanzawa, Ibuki, Mansung and Tsukuba, but was somewhat low in Arima, Ginyose and Riheiguri. In all chestnut cultivars, radial and tangential diameter of vessel element increased with increasing tree age, but the number of vessel per ㎟ decreased. Ray spacing (per ㎜) in cross section from pith to bark showed no significant variation, while the number of ray per ㎟ increased but ray height decreased with the increase of tree age. Fiber and vessel length increased with increasing tree age Green moisture content and density of heartwood were higher than those of sapwood. Tsukuba and Riheiguri had higher green moisture content, and Ibuki and Riheiguri had higher green density than the other chestnut cultivars. Shrinkage and swelling of sapwood were higher than those of heartwood. Especially, radial direction was higher than other directions. Water absorption of sapwood were slightly higher than those of heartwood. Especially, cross section was higher than other sections. Relative crysallinity and crtstallite width of latewood were higher than those of earlywood, and showed no significant variation with tree age. Strengths of compression, bending and shear of heartwood were higher than those of sapwood. Strengths of Ibuki and Riheiguri were higher but Ginyose and Tsukuba were lower than other cultivars. MOEs of compression and bending of heartwood were higher than those of sapwood. MOEs of compression of Ibuki and Riheiguri were higher but Ginyose and Tsukuba were lower than other cultivars, whereas MOEs of bending of Ginyose and Mansung were higher but Ibuki and Riheiguri were lower than other cultivars The results of this study showed difference of anatomical characteristics with tree age, separating index between juvenile and adult wood, also physical and mechanical characteristics as well as identifying chestnut cultivars. Conclusively, the results obtained in the present study might be gave some valuable information for effective utilization of chestnut woods.
A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Gpf01, isolated from ginseng rhizosphere shows antiviral activity against Cucumber mosaic virus, when tested in a local host of CMV, Chenopodium amaranticolor. In previous work, transposon mutant library of Gpf01 was prepared using pGS9::Tn5. It was screened for antiviral activity against CMV. The mutant Gpf01-RS19 was found to have lost the antiviral producing activity. Inverse PCR was used to amplify flanking regions of Tn5 in Gpf01-RS19. We developed primers from the flanking region of Tn5 and screened cosmid library of Gpf01 prepared in pLAFR3 by PCR. We found a cosmid clone pAV1123, harboring 1.2 kb antiviral compound producing (avcP) locus. The cosmid clone pAV1123 containing avcP locus was complmented with a P. fluorescens B16 strain by conjugation. The resultant strain after conjugation showed antiviral activity against CMV-Y. This suggests that, the cosmid pAV1123 contains genes that are required for antiviral activity of P. fluorescens, Gpf01 against CMV-Y. The cosmid pAV1123 was sequenced completely, which contained 25.3 kb insert. The sequence obtained was compared with the sequence database search using BLAST. It was found to show 98% homology with a P. fluorescens strain Pf0-1 (GenBank accession no. CP000094). In order to further characterize the region responsible for the antiviral activity in pAV1123, it was further subcloned. When a clone pPH9, that carried 9.3 kb region of pAV1123, was introduced into antivirus deficient P. fluorescens strain B16, it exhibited antiviral activity. Using Tn3-gus mutagenesis and complementation analysis, it was found that the genes related to antiviral activity production resided in a 9.3 kb HindIII-HindIII fragment of pAV1123, indicating that the plasmid carry essential genes related to antiviral activity. The sequence analysis of the four transconjugants revealed that the antiviral activity related region resides in a 9.3 kb HindIII-HindIII fragment, suggesting that the 9.3 kb HindIII-HindIII region was critical for antiviral activity. A possible transcriptional regulator gene of AsnC family is hypothesized to affect transcription of genes located downstream to it. The functional analysis of the genes involved in 9.3 kb HindIII-HindIII region requires further study. 강원도 홍천의 인삼 근권에서 세균을 분리하고, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y)에 대한 항바이러스 효과를 확인하였다. 분리한 세균의 culture filtrate (CF)를 Chenopodium amaranticolor에 반엽법으로 처리한 결과 CMV-Y의 억제 효과가 있는 Gpf01을 선발 하였다. P. fluorescens Gpf01의 항바이러스 관련 유전자를 탐색하기 위해 pGS9::Tn5를 이용하여 transposon을 제작하였으며, Tn5 mutant 중 CMV-Y에 대해 항바이러스 효과가 억제되는 Gpf01-RS19를 선발하였다. Inverse PCR을 통해 Gpf01-RS19의 Tn5 삽입영역을 분석한 결과 1.5 kb, 0.4 kb의 절편을 증폭하였다. 증폭된 염기서열을 분석하여 primer를 제작하여 P. fluorescens Gpf01 genomic library의 cosmid clone 을 탐색한 결과 1.2 kb의 항바이러스 관련 유전자인 avcP locus를 포함하고 있는 cosmid clone pAV1123을 선발하였다. 항바이러스 관련 cosmid clone인 pAV1123을 항바이러스 효과를 가지지 않는 mutant Gpf01-RS19와 P. fluorescens B16과 complementation하여 항바이러스 효과가 복구되는 것을 확인하였다. Cosmid pAV1123의 항바이러스 관련 영역을 구명하기 위해 전체 염기서열을 분석하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 cosmid pAV1123의 9.3 kb HindIII 절편을 subcloning 하여 pPH9를 선발하였으며, 이를 항바이러스 효과를 가지지 않는 P. fluorescens B16과 complementation한 결과 항바이러스 효과가 복구 되었다. 또한 cosmid pAV1123의 항바이러스 관련 유전자 탐색을 위해 Tn3-gus mutagenesis를 실시하여 8개의 Tn3-gus mutant를 선발하였다. 이 중 P5-P8의 4개의 mutant가 Tn3-gus의 삽입으로 인해 항바이러스 효과가 억제되었다. 염기서열을 분석해 보았을 때 4개의 mutant는 cosmid pAV1123의 9.3 kb HindIII 절편 안에 포함되어 있었다. Blast search를 통해 possible transcriptional regulator AsnC family와 관련된 유전자에 Tn3-gus가 삽입된 것을 확인하였으며, 그 아래쪽의 유전자들도 이에 영향을 받아 항바이러스 능력이 억제된 것으로 추측되었다. 이를 통해 cosmid pAV1123의 9.3 kb HindIII 영역은 P. fluorescens Gpf01이 항바이러스 효과에 중요한 유전적 영역임으로 판단된다.
본 연구는 한국에서 1990년부터 2014년까지 25년간 부부의 근로소득 변화가 소득 불평등에 미친 영향을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 경제 침체가 장기화되고 결혼이 경제적인 안정을 위한 남성과 여성의 합리적인 판단을 반영한다고 가정할 경우 경제적 능력은 배우자 선택에 중요한 고려 요소로 자리잡는다. 이 때 고소득 남성과 여성이 결혼을 통해 가구를 형성하고 저소득 남성과 여성이 가구를 형성하는 '끼리끼리' 경향이 강화될수록 가구 소득 불평등은 악화될 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 먼저 기존 연구에서 부부의 소득 연관성이 불평등에 미치는 효과를 파악하는데 사용한 방법론의 한계를 지적하고, 이 문제를 보완하기 위해 부부의 소득연관성을 구성하는 요인을 세 가지로 분해하였다. 구체적으로 부부의 소득연관성에 영향을 미치는 요소를 1) 남편과 아내의 소득 수준 수렴도 증가, 2) 남편의 소득과 아내의 노동 시장 참여 사이의 부적(-) 관계 약화, 3) 맞벌이 부부 비율의 증가 세 가지로 구분한 후, 각각의 요소가 불평등도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 통계청에서 발표하는 가계동향조사 연간 자료를 이용하여 도시에 거주하는 유배우자 가구를 대상으로 하였으며 로그선형모형을 이용해 각 요소의 기여를 반사실적 기법으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 맞벌이 부부의 소득 연관성이 불평등도 계산 방식에 따라 작게는 1.67%, 크게는 14.21%의 불평등 변화를 설명하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 부부의 소득이 유사해지는 정도가 불평등도를 소폭 악화시켰으나 남편의 소득과 아내의 노동 시장 참여 여부 사이에 부적인 관계가 여전히 강하게 존재해 이 요인이 불평등도를 완화시키는 방향으로 작용하였다. 부부의 소득연관성으로 인한 불평등 문제가 현재까지는 두드러지게 나타나고 있지 않고 있으나 맞벌이 가구의 증가와 더불어 불안정한 경제 상황과 배우자 선택 가치관의 변화는 앞으로 이 문제가 주요하게 부상할 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다. 예를 들어, 1990년대 말 외환위기의 여파로 고소득 및 중간소득 남편의 아내들이 노동시장에 대거 진출하여 가구의 불평등도가 악화되었다. 외부 경제 상황 및 노동 시장 환경과 같은 복합적인 요소를 고려하여 부부의 소득연관성이 불평등에 미치는 효과를 장기적인 관점에서 지속적으로 관심을 갖고 관찰할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.
신뢰성 높은 실리콘 비정질 박막 태양전지 제작을 위한 p, i, n 단일 막의 안정성에 대한 연구
이선화 성균관대학교 일반대학원 2011 국내석사
비정질 실리콘 박막 태양전지는 낮은 원자재 가격과 유연 기판사용 및 BIPV(Building Intergrated Photovoltaic System) 적용 등의 이유로 원자재 가격이 비싼 결정질 실리콘 태양전지를 대체할 수 있는 태양전지로 주목 받고 있다. 하지만 비정질 실리콘은 노화현상이 발생하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 산업에 적용하기 위해서는 노화 현상을 해결 하는 것이 시급한 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 Cluster PECVD를 이용하여 증착한 p, i, n 단일 막의 bias 안정성을 전기적 광학적 방법으로 분석하였다. p 층의 경우 N2O 가스를 이용하여 wide band gap을 형성하여 제작하였다. 이는 단파장의 분광반응을 높여 단락전류를 증가시키고 band gap을 높여 개방전압을 증가시키기 위함이다. 단일 막의 bias 안정성에 대한 실험결과를 바탕으로 비정질 실리콘 박막 태양전지를 제작하여 각각의 단일 막의 bias 안정성이 태양전지에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 논문을 통해 초기 효율을 증가시키며 동시에 안정성이 높은 박막 태양전지의 제작에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. In this study we present a stability in hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films and thin film solar cells. In amorphous silicon solar cells, reduction degradation is one of the key issues to improve cell performance. The degradation of p-layer can play an important role since it is directly related to the Voc and FF in the cells. In this paper, we investigated the changes of boron doped p-type silicon suboxide (a-SiOx) layers and the changes of hydrogen flow of intrinsic layers and the changes of phosphorus doped n-type silicon layers after carrier injection stress. The doping level of boron was varied by controlling B2H6 gas flow rate. When it was degraded, the dark conductivity decay decreased from 45% to less than 5%, and increase in activation energy decreased from 11% to 0.5% as the B2H6 gas flow rate was increased. Our improvements are explained in conjunction with three- and four-fold coordinated boron atoms by the shift of B (1s) X-ray photoelectron spectrum. H2 diluted intrinsic layer were shown less decrease of undiluted intrinsic layer. Because of hydrogen in H2 diluted a-Si layer for playing a role in reducing dangling bonds. The doping level of phosphorus was varied by controlling PH3 gas flow rate. When it was degraded, the dark conductivity decay decreased from 5% to less than 2% as the PH3 gas flow rate was increased. In amorphous silicon solar cells, degradation is directly related to cell performance. The dependence of the stability of the thin film amorphous silicon solar cells is studied in terms of the volume fraction of B2H6 in the p type a-SiOx layer. When the volume fraction of B2H6 is increased by an order of magnitude, the doping induced defects tend to increase quit rapidly. Low doped p type a-SiOx layers had lower initial properties but displayed better stability. The improvement in stability is explained in conjunction with the capacitance and resistance values of impedance spectroscopy. When B2H6 gas flow rate is increased, the cell is degraded showing a capacitance decay decrease from 51.75% to less than 18.18%, and the increase in resistances decreased from 90.90% to 11.73%. This study presents how to improve the stability of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film solar cells.