Pilot 규모의 경사판 침전지 시험을 통한 국내 석탄광산배수내 부유물질의 지구화학적 반응특성 및 조정영향

이상훈,오민아,이재영,권은혜,김도영,김덕민,Lee, SangHoon,Oh, Minah,Lee, Jai-Young,Kwon, Eunhye,Kim, Doyoung,Kim, DukMin 한국지하수토양환경학회 2013 지하수토양환경 Vol.18 No.7

Fine suspended solids from coal mine drainage were treated in the treating plant, using two different pilot-scale inclined clarifiers: radial and lamella types. Suspended solids in the mine drainage were monitored along with other geochemical factors, and metal contents. Fe and Mn are the main chemical components in the drainage, which exist predominantly as total metal forms, whereas dissolved portion is negligible. The raw mine drainage is subject to physical and chemical treatment using $CaCO_3$ and NaOH, therefore the suspended solids are thought to be composed of Fe and Mn precipitates, possibly $Fe(OH)_3$, along with carbonate precipitates. The elemental composition of precipitates are confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. As nearly all the dissolved ions were precipitated in the primary process by $CaCO_3$, no further aeration or prolonged oxygenation are of necessity in this plant. Adoption of inclined clarifier proved to be effective in treating fine suspended solids in the current plant. Successful application of the inclined clarifier will also be beneficial to improve the current treating process by excluding the current application of chemical agent in the first stage. The final effluents from the pilot plant meet the national standards and the low dissolved Fe and Mn contents are expected not to cause secondary precipitation after discharge.

소아 간이식

이상훈,이석구,Lee, Sanghoon,Lee, Suk-Koo 대한소아외과학회 2013 소아외과 Vol.19 No.1

Pediatric liver transplantation has evolved into a definite and effective therapeutic modality for various liver diseases in the pediatric patient. During the last 25 years, liver transplant outcomes in Korea have reached international standards and Korea has become the leader in living-donor liver transplantation. This review will present the cumulative outcomes of pediatric liver transplantation performed in Korea and will focus on other issues of interest involving pediatric liver transplant recipients, especially in the field of immunosuppression and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease.

가상통화 거래의 국제법적 문제에 대한 고찰

이상훈 ( Lee¸ Sanghoon ) 한국지급결제학회 2021 지급결제학회지 Vol.13 No.2

가상통화의 규제법, 가상통화는 그 유용한 가능성도 인식되는 한편, 외환위기 등에 빠진 나라에서 자국통화를 기피하여 비트코인으로 도피하는 움직임, 위법거래의 결제나 자금세탁에 이용하는 움직임이나, IS국 등의 테러자금 조달에 이용하는 움직임이 있는 등 국제사회에서도 문제시되기에 이르렀다. 그래서 2015년 6월 독일 엘마우에서의 G7 정상회담에서의 국제합의 및 이를 받은 FATF(Financial Action Task Force)의 안내에 따라 면허제 또는 등록제에 의한 규제를 해야 하는 것으로 정해졌다. 그런데 가상통화 거래가 국가 간에 이루어지고 여기서 분쟁이 발생한 경우 복잡한 문제가 발생한다. 분산대장기술을 이용해 이루어지는 가상화폐의 거래에 있어서는 ① 어느 나라의 법원이 관할권을 가지는가(국제재판관할권의 문제), ② 각국의 규제는 어느 정도까지 역외적용되는가(규제의 역외적용의 문제), ③ 어느 나라의 법이 적용되는가(국제사법·준거법의 문제)라는 국경을 초월한 법률문제가 쉽게 발생한다. 이러한 국경을 초월한 법률문제에 대해서는 각각의 문제에 대해 기존의 법적 틀이 존재하지만, 분산대장 기술을 이용한 가상통화이기 때문에 뭔가 특별한 법적 틀이나 고려가 필요할지가 문제가 된다. 암호화폐에 관해 발생할 수 있는 분쟁에는 암호화폐 그 자체가 다양할 것(이미 기술한 바와 같이 비트코인과 같은 발행자가 없는 암호화폐 뿐만 아니라 특정 발행자가 존재하여 자금조달을 위해 이용되는 토큰 등도 있다), 분산대장기술을 이용해 이루어지는 가상화폐의 거래에는 다양한 당사자가 관계할 수 있을 것이다. 즉, 가상화폐 거래의 고객 등의 거래 당사자, 가상화폐 교환업자 외에 발행자가 있는 가상화폐의 발행자, 플랫폼의 운영자, 어플리케이션의 개발자, 하드웨어의 제조자나 판매자, 블록체인의 노드 등 여러 가지를 생각할 수 있다. 또, 분쟁의 유형도 채무불이행을 이유로 한 이행청구나 손해배상, 불법행위를 이유로 한 손해배상이라고 하는 채권적인 청구 외 가상통화나 가상통화가 표장하는 재산적 가치나 자산 등의 반환이나 그것들의 귀속을 다툴 물권적인 청구 등도 생각할 수 있다. 규제법과의 관계에서도 분산대장기술을 이용한 금융거래와 종래의 금융기관을 중심으로 한 전통적인 거래간의 구조와 관계자의 차이를 반영하여 규제의 수신인도 다양할 수 있다. 따라서 국제재판 관할, 규제의 역외적인 적용, 준거법에 관한 문제도 어떠한 가상화폐에 관한, 어느 당사자 간의 어떠한 문제인가에 따라 적용되어야 할 법적 틀이나 검토되어야 할 문제도 다르다. 이 글에서는 그 모든 것에 대해 검토할 수는 없지만, 우선 국경을 넘는 암호화폐의 거래에 관한 법적 문제를 검토한 것으로써, ① 스위스 연방참사회의 리포트, ② 미국의 판례, ③ 영국의 Financial Markets Law Committee의 리포트 내용을 본 다음, 국제재판관할, 역외적용, 준거법에 관한 기본적인 생각과 몇 가지 구체적인 문제에 대해 검토하고자 한다. The regulatory law of cryptocurrency, the useful potential of cryptocurrency is also recognized. On the other hand, in countries that have fallen into the foreign exchange crisis, etc., there is a movement to avoid their own currency and use Bitcoin to escape, use it for payment of illegal transactions or money laundering, and a movement to use it to finance terrorism by IS countries, etc. reached. Therefore, in accordance with the international agreement at the G7 summit in Elmau, Germany in June 2015 and the guidance of the FATF (Financial Action Task Force) that received it, it was decided that regulation by the license system or registration system should be implemented. However, when cryptocurrency transactions are made between countries and disputes arise there, complex problems arise. In the case of cryptocurrency transactions made using distributed ledger technology, ① which country court has jurisdiction (a matter of international jurisdiction), ② to what extent are regulations of each country applied offshore (problem of offshore application of regulations), ③ A legal problem that transcends national borders, such as which country’s law applies (a matter of private international law and governing law), easily arises. For these cross-border legal issues, there is an existing legal framework for each issue, but since it is a cryptocurrency using distributed ledger technology, it is a question whether any special legal framework or consideration is necessary. In disputes that may arise regarding cryptocurrency, the cryptocurrency itself will be diverse (as already described, there are not only cryptocurrencies that do not have an issuer such as Bitcoin, but also tokens that are used for financing because a specific issuer exists), a variety of parties will be able to engage in cryptocurrency transactions made using distributed ledger technology. In other words, it is possible to think of various things such as transaction parties such as customers of cryptocurrency transactions, issuers of cryptocurrency with issuers other than cryptocurrency exchange companies, operators of platforms, developers of applications, manufacturers or sellers of hardware, and nodes of block chains. In addition, the type of dispute also includes claims for performance or damages on the ground of default, and claims for damages on the ground of torts, as well as the return or attribution of cryptocurrency or property values or assets marked by the cryptocurrency. We can also think of a claim for property rights to fight against it. In relation to regulatory laws, the recipients of regulations may also vary by reflecting the differences in the structure and stakeholders between financial transactions using distributed ledger technology and traditional transactions centered on conventional financial institutions. Therefore, the legal framework to be applied and the issues to be considered are different depending on the issue of international jurisdiction, extraterritorial application of regulations, and applicable law, depending on what kind of cryptocurrency or between the parties. Although it is not possible to review all of them in this article, first, the legal issues related to cross-border cryptocurrency trading are reviewed. After reading the report of the Committee, I would like to review the basic ideas and some specific issues regarding international jurisdiction, extraterritorial application, and applicable law.

광산배수 부유물질 저감을 위한 다양한 여과 매질의 특성 및 적용성 평가 - H 석탄광산 배수

이상훈,권혁현,오민아,이재영,김덕민,Lee, Sanghoon,Kwon, HyukHyun,Oh, Minah,Lee, Jai-Young,Kim, DukMin 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.6

Fine suspended solids from mine drainage draw attentions due to their potential adverse influences on the water quality, such as increasing turbidity and degrading aesthetic landscape. Currently, sand filter beds are adapted in some mine drainage treating systems. However, more efficient system is in demand, as the existing sand beds reveal some problems, such as frequent maintenance intervals. Various filtering mediums including fly ash, mine tailing aggregates and the sand were tested for improving the current system, using column experimental set-up. Mine drainage samples were collected from the current treating systems in the abandoned H coal mine. The experiment was run for 7 days. Suspended solids recorded as 100.9 mg/L and the value exceeds the current standard, 30 mg/L. Sand was proved to still be the optimum medium for the fine suspended solids, compared to fly ash and fly ash + sand. Mine tailing aggregates were placed at the exit of the columns, substituting gravels. The tailing aggregates is made by mine tailings and clay. Sand bed filters can also be improved by mixing granular activated carbon, which was found to be economical and efficient in the batch experiment, conducted at the same time.

양극산화된 TiO₂ 및 WO₃ 나노구조체로 구성된 광전기변색 소자 제작

이상훈,차형철,나윤채,Lee, Sanghoon,Cha, Hyeongcheol,Nah, Yoon-Chae 한국분말야금학회 2015 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.22 No.5

In this study, we demonstrate the photoelectrochromic devices composed of $TiO_2$ and $WO_3$ nanostructures prepared by anodization method. The morphology and the crystal structure of anodized $TiO_2$ nanotubes and $WO_3$ nanoporous layers are investigated by SEM and XRD. To fabricate a transparent photoelectrode on FTO substrate, a $TiO_2$ nanotube membrane, which has been detached from Ti substrate, is transferred to FTO substrate and annealed at $450^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr. The photoelectrode of $TiO_2$ nanotube and the counter electrode of $WO_3$ nanoporous layer are assembled and the inner space is filled with a liquid electrolyte containing 0.5 M LiI and 5 mM $I_2$ as a redox mediator. The properties of the photoelectrochromic devices is investigated and Pt-$WO_3$ electrode system shows better electrochromic performance compared to $WO_3$ electrode.

Potential Element Retention by Weathered Pulverised Fuel Ash : II. Column Leaching Experiments

이상훈,Lee, Sanghoon The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1995 자원환경지질 Vol.28 No.3

석탄연소 폐기물 (Pulverised Fuel Ash: PFA)을 17년, 40년 매립 풍화받은 것 그리고 현재 발생하는 신선한 시료등으로 구분 영국내 2개 화력발전소로부터 각각 채취하여 주상용출시험 (Column leaching test)을 실시하였다. 용매는 증류수와 인공합성 침출수의 2가지를 이용하였다. 전자의 경우 풍화 시료의 용출행태를 주로 알아보고자 하였으며 후자의 경우 PFA시료와 용매간의 반응중에 발생하는 2차 물질형성이 폐수처리중 중금속제거에 활용가능성이 있는가를 알아보자고 함이었다. 신선한 시료로부터 매우 높은 함량의 원소방출이 관찰된다. 이는 Ca, Na, K, B, Cr, Li, Mo, Se, 그리고 $SO^{2-}_4$등을 포함한다. 이는 원소들의 분포위치에 관한 정보를 제공하며 이들원소의 입자 표면 수반을 시사한다. 풍화 받은 시료로부터 채취된 용액시료에서는 신선한 시료와는 달리 원소들의 급격한 초기방출은 관찰되지 않으며 비교적 일정함량을 보이며 매우 완만한 농도감소 현상을 보인다. 이는 17년과 40년이라는 매립기간중 표면의 용융성원소들의 방출을 의미하며 입자를 주로 구성하는 유리질물질에 수반되는 부분이 이들 시료에서의 원소방출에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다. 증류수를 이용한 실험결과를 여러가지 침출수배출기준, 음용수기준치 등과 비교시 PFA는 이들 기준에 초과하는 농도를 나타내는바 침출수배출시에는 희석 등의 처리가 필요할 것으로 생각되며 매립시 침출수가 지하수로 유입되지 않도록 하여야할 것으로 보인다. 인공 침출수가 PFA기둥을 통과하며 많은 중금속 - B, Fe, Zn, Hg, Ni, Li, Mo -등이 침출수로부터 제거되며 이 제거정도는 신선한 Drax > 풍화 Drax > 풍화 Meaford 시료의 순이다. 물분석시료를 지구화학 모델링 프로그램인 WATEQ4F를 이용하여 PFA 침출수내의 농도조정물질의 존재여부를 알아본 결과 Ca의 경우 $CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$, Al의 경우 $Al(OH)_3$, Fe는 $Fe(OH)_3$ 등이 PFA침출수내에 각 해당원소의 농도를 제한하는 2차물질로 판단되었다. Column leaching tests were conducted using fresh and weathered pulverised fuel ash of some 17 and 40 years old from two major British power plants, with deionised water and simulated synthetic industrial leachate. The former was to see the leaching behaviour of weathered ash and the latter was to see if the formation of secondary products from water and PFA interaction and ameliorating effect in removing metals from industrial leachates. Fresh PFA liberates elevated concentrations of surface-enriched inorganics, including Ca, Na, K, B, $Cr_{total}$, Li Mo, Se and $SO^{2-}_4$. This might indicate their association with the surface of PFA particles. In the column leaching tests using weathered ash and deionised water, elements are not readily leached but are released more slowly, showing relatively constant concentrations. For the case of weathered ash, some readily soluble surface-enriched elements appears to have been liberated in their early stage of leaching and the liberation of glass associated elements are thought to be more important function in controlling the element concentration. The result from column leaching tests exceed for a number of elements when compared with various Water Standards and suggests the leachate from PFA disposal mound needs dilution to achieve target concentrations. PF A shows element retention effect for many elements, including B, Fe, Zn, Hg, Ni, Li and Mo, in the order of fresh Drax ash > weathered Drax ash > Weathered Meaford ash in retaining capacity. Geochemical modelling using a computer program WATEQ4F reveals some solubility controlling secondary solid products. These include $CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ for Ca, $Al(OH)_3$ for Al and $Fe(OH)_3$ for Fe.

산업용 인버터의 가속 피로수명 평가에 관한 연구

이상훈,김원진,Lee, Sanghoon,Kim, Won-Jin 한국기계가공학회 2022 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.21 No.6

Industrial inverters are used in a variety of fields for electric power supply. They may be exposed to vibration and heat once they are installed. This study focused on a framework of accelerated life testing of an industrial inverter considering fatigue damage as the primary source of deterioration. Instead of analyzing detailed failure mechanisms and the product's vulnerability to them, the potential of fatigue failure is considered using the fatigue damage spectrum calculated from the environmental vibration signals. The acceleration and temperature data were gathered using field measurement and spectral analysis was conducted to calculate the vibration signal's power spectral density (PSD). The fatigue damage spectrum is then calculated from the input PSD data and is used to design an accelerated fatigue life testing. The PSD for the shaker table test is derived that has the equivalent fatigue damage to the original input signal. The tests were performed considering the combined effect of random vibration and elevated temperature, and the product passed all the planned tests. It was successfully demonstrated that the inverter used in this study could survive environmental vibration up to its guarantee period. The fatigue damage spectrum can effectively be used to design accelerated fatigue life testing.

순시전압강하 보상기의 새로운 제어 기법

이상훈(Sanghoon Lee),최재호(Jaeho Choi) 전력전자학회 2001 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2001 No.7

In this paper, a new detection algorithm of faulted voltages under the unbalanced condition and a control algorithm of the instantaneous voltage sag corrector (IVSC) are proposed To quantify the unbalance under fault conditions, the voltages are decomposed into two balanced three-phase systems using the symmetrical components of positive and negative sequence voltages, which is defined by magnitude factor (MF) and unbalance factor (UF). New control algorithm based on MF and UF values for instantaneous voltage compensation are proposed and verified through the PSCAD/BMTDC simulation and experimental results.

변형 스캔-만화 보정 시스템

이상훈(Sang-Hoon Lee),김도영(Doeyoung Kim),Jadhav Sagar Vasant,유대걸(Justin Daegull Ryu),강호갑(Hogab Kang),이상훈(Sanghoon Lee) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2014 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.11

Competing Views on Corporate Governance

Sanghoon Lee(이상훈) 충남대학교 경영경제연구소 2013 경영경제연구 Vol.35 No.2

기업지배구조 이론 분야에서는 즉 경영자 감시(monitoring of management)와 경영자 이니셔티브(managerial initiative)라는 두 가지 서로 대조되는 관점이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 조직 여유(organizational slack), 기업 금융과 소유구조라는 측면에서 이 두 가지 관점을 비교한다. 특히 한국의 제조업 분야의 기업들의 1999년부터 2008년까지의 패널 자료를 이용하여 이 두 가지 관점 중 어느 것이 더 한국 기업의 상황을 잘 설명하고 있는지 살펴본다. 실증 연구의 결과에 따르면 기업 성과는 조직 여유와 부(-)의 관계가 존재하고, 부채 금융과는 정(+)의 관계, 주식 금융과는 부(-)의 관계, 소유집중도와는 정(+)의 관계를 나타내고 있다. 이 결과들은 경영자 감시의 관점이 보다 한국 기업을 잘 설명하고 있다는 것을 보여준다. In corporate governance literature, two divergent views are often contrasted: monitoring of management vs. managerial initiative. In this study, organizational slack, corporate finance and equity ownership concentration are examined in order to compare the two competing views. The study analyzes panel data of Korean manufacturing firms from 1999 through 2008 in order to determine which view is more plausible explanation for the data. The empirical analysis finds i) a negative relationship between organizational slack and firm performance, ii) a positive relationship between debt financing and firm performance, iii) a negative relationship between equity financing and firm performance, and iv) a positive relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance. This supports the monitoring of management view of corporate governance.