특집 : 북미관계의 구조와 북한 핵문제

이상숙 ( Sang Suk Lee ) 동국대학교 북한학연구소(구 동국대학교 안보연구소) 2009 북한학연구 Vol.5 No.1

세계 유일의 초강대국 미국은 왜 불량국가(rogue state)인 북한의 핵문제를 이와 같이 장기화하고, 북한은 끊임없이 지역 안보의 불안을 조성하는지에 대한 의문이 생긴다. 미국이 가진 여러 다양한 파워에도 불구하고 북한이 제2차 핵실험을 실행하고 핵무기 보유국이 되는 것을 사전에 차단하지 못했기 때문이다. 이러한 북한 핵문제의 장기화와 북한의 위기 조성은 미국과 북한의 관계 구조와 북한의 위기조성외교에서 그 해답을 찾을 수 있다. 본 연구는 북미 간 협상이 지속되는 중에도 북한이 끊임없이 핵문제를 활용한 긴장 국면을 조성하고 이로 인해 북한 핵문제의 해결이 장기화된 원인을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 미국과 북한의 관계를 비대칭관계(asymmetric relations)의 구조적 특성으로 파악하고 이 구조에서 상호 인식을 분석하고, 북한의 핵문제 활용 위기조성을 ``위기조성외교(crisis diplomacy)``로 정의하여 그 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 제1차 북핵위기와 제2차 북핵위기에서 드러난 북미관계의 갈등과 발전을 검토하였다. In this paper is to analyzed the North Korean nuclear problem. North Korean nuclear crisis in the 1990`s resulted from North Korea`s security dilemma and perceived changes of offense-defense balance vis-a-vis the U.S.. A non-governmental terrorist group may impose great security threat to the U.S. under absolute asymmetry of military capability. The U.S response to the increased security threat drove Washington into perceiving Pyongyang as the Axis-of-Evil with nuclear and mass-destruction capability. Thus, the conflicts between Pyongyang`s and Washington`s security dilemma generated a spiral effect. This study suggestion solution of fundamental environments of the current nuclear crisis before searching immediate situational solutions.

가사 문학 속 근대 여성과 의식 변화 : 〈?챨株淄? 설은 타령〉, 〈위모ᄉᆞ〉, 〈망향가〉를 중심으로

이상숙(Lee Sang-suk) 어문연구학회 2022 어문연구 Vol.111 No.-

This thesis investigates the features of Modern women and their consciousness changes in Gasa, which is a long narrative song, and the significance of Gasa of the times. In the modern era, women were forced to put themselves in a situation where they had no choice but to obey the decisions of their husbands or in-laws regardless of their will. Three pieces of Gasa were selected among modern women’s works such as 〈Sigolsaeksiseoluntaryung〉, a rural female narrator who received a divorce notice from her husband, 〈Wimosa〉, leaving her hometown with her parents-in-law for Manchuria for national independence, and leaving her homeland with her husband who went to Japan to study, 〈Manhyangga〉 All the female narrators in the three works belong to the old generation. These women make their minds to keep their place in the social upheaval, longing for the independent life of women moving into a wider world and following their husband to a foreign country while missing their hometown in the first-person narration. Women’s magazines published in the 1930s and three novels featuring a female speaker as the protagonist was examined to explore modern women s features. Modern women are divided into new women and old-fashioned women. However, the women in the above three Gasa works were thinking the same as new women for education, This consciousness system was investigated from the perspective of enlightenment awareness of new women and old-fashioned women, changes in worldview, and perception of space. Those three Gasa works have great significance in the characteristics of revealing modern changes and expressing individual narratives rather than lyric literature that conveys information. 이 논문은 가사 작품 속 근대 여성의 모습과 변화된 의식, 근대 여성 가사의 시대적 의의에 대해 살핀 것이다. 근대 시기는 여러 변화를 겪으며 여성들의 삶을 바꾸어 놓았다. 이 시기 여성들은 자신의 의지와 상관없이 남편이나 시부모의 결정에 따를 수밖에 없는 처지에 놓여 있었다. 이러한 삶을 살펴보기 위해 남편에게 이혼 통보를 받은 시골 여성 화자인 〈?챨株淄? 설은 타령〉, 독립을 위해 만주행 시부모를 따라 고향을 떠나는 〈위모ᄉᆞ〉의 여성 화자, 일본으로 유학 간 남편을 따라 고국을 떠난 〈망향가〉의 여성 화자 등 3편의 작품을 선정하였다. 근대 여성을 구여성과 신여성으로 구분할 때 이 여성 화자들은 모두 구여성에 속하는 인물들이다. 이 여성들은 사회의 변화에 맞서 자신의 자리를 지키기 위해 다짐하기도 하고, 더 넓은 세계로 나아가려는 여성의 주체적 삶을 동경하기도 하며, 남편을 따라 먼 타국으로 떠나 고향을 그리워하는 등 1인칭 서술을 통해 진솔하게 표현한다. 근대 여성은 신식 교육 여부에 따라 신여성과 구여성으로 나뉘어 지칭되었다. 하지만 위의 세 편의 가사 작품 속 여성들은 교육의 필요성과 계몽의식, 나라를 사랑하는 마음 등 신여성과 다를 바 없는 사고를 하고 있었다. 이러한 의식 체계를 계몽적 의식의 여부 신여성과 구여성, 세계관의 변화, 공간에 대한 인식 변화로 나누어 살펴보았다. 세 가사 작품은 근대의 변화를 진솔하게 드러낸다는 점에서 시대적 의의가 있으며, 정보전달의 가사 문학이 아닌 개인의 서사를 표현해 낸다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

공학 계열 글쓰기 교육에 대한 인식 조사

이효녕 ( Hyo Nyong Lee ),이상숙 ( Sang Sook Lee ),이성수 ( Seong Soo Lee ),김남석 ( Nam Seok Kim ),박경숙 ( Kyung Suk Park ),권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),임영구 ( Young Goo Im ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2009 중등교육연구 Vol.57 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 공학 계열 글쓰기 교육에 대한 인식을 조사하는 것이다. 전국의 5개 대학에 재학 중인 공학 계열 학부생과 대학원생 696명을 대상으로 공학 계열 글쓰기 교육의 현황과 필요성, 요구에 대한 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 설문지는 이공계 글쓰기와 관련된 국내외 연구논문과 대학교재를 수집 분석한 문헌 연구를 통해 개발하였으며, 설문 조사에서 도출된 자료는 SPSS 14.0 윈도우용 프로그램을 이용하여, 평균·표준편차·백분율 등의 기술적 통계 분석을 실시하였다. 공학 계열 전공자들의 의식조사에서 64.1%에 해당하는 대학생과 85.9%의 대학원생이 글쓰기 능력이 부족하여 학업에 어려움을 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 이유를 묻는 질문에 대해 대부분의 응답자들이 체계적이지 못한 대학 글쓰기 교육과 이공계의 특성을 반영하지 못한 글쓰기 교육 때문이라고 대답했다. 세분화된 글쓰기 능력의 필요성의 순위를 묻는 질문에 대해서는, 응답자들이 인문, 사회 계열은 물론 자연 계열과도 차별화된 글쓰기 능력과 교육이 필요하다고 대답했다. 이는 공학 계열 글쓰기 교육이 수요자의 요구에 맞게 차별화, 세분화, 전문화될 필요가 있음을 증명한다고 하겠다. 이 조사 결과를 통해 현재 공학 계열을 위한 글쓰기 교육 과정에 대해 재고하는 계기가 마련되고, 공학 계열 특성에 맞는 글쓰기 교육 방법과 수업 모델 그리고 교재 개발 등의 후속 연구가 이루어지기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate undergraduate and graduate students` perceptions about writing education for engineering track. A total of 696 students on engineering track at 5 universities participated in the survey and asked to response their perceived status, problems, and needs of writing education for engineering students. The results showed that 64.1% of engineering undergraduates and 85.9% of the graduate engineering students expressed that it was difficult to study their major due to lack of writing skills. The majority of the students responded that the major reasons were non-systematic writing education and not considering the characteristics of engineering. In relation to students` needs for writing education, they reported that the writing education for engineering track should be differentiated from humanities and social sciences tracks. The results also showed that writing education should be differentiated, specified, expertly for college engineering students. The results in this study have implications for future research. The follow-up research needs to be conducted on the curriculum of writing education for engineering students. More research should be conducted regarding engineering track-based writing education, instructional model, and developing teaching materials.

2 , 4 - Dinitrophenol 을 처리한 호밀 ( Secale Cereale L. ) 유식물의 질산염 환원에 관한 연구 - 2. 호밀 유식물 뿌리의 질산염 환원효소 활성에 대한 2 , 4 - Dinitrophenol 의 영향

조규찬(Gyu Chan Jo),이상숙(Sang Suk Lee),권오용(Oh Yong Kwon) 한국식물학회 1991 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.34 No.4

This work was carried out to determine the effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP) on in vivo nitrate reductase activity in the roots of 6 day old rye (Secale cereale L.) seedlings. The nitrate reductase activity in the roots of 6 day old rye seedlings pretreated with 0.5 mM DNP was higher than that of the control group in all the experimental conditions. The optimal concentration of KNO_3 for maximum nitrate reductase activity was 10 mM in both control and treated group. The nitrate reductase activity in the treatment of 10 mM KNO_3 gradually increased for 4 h in both groups, and then maintained constantly. The nitrate reductase activity occurred per hour was highest at 1 h in both groups, while it was declined by large degrees as time goes on. The daily pattern of nitrate reductase activity was gradually decreased in both groups with the passage of day. The optimal pH for nitrate reductase activity was 7.5 in both groups. From the results of this experiment and a previous paper(Kwon et al., 1991), it was determined that the nitrate reductase activity in both roots and shoots of rye seedlings was increased by the treatment of 0.5 mM DNP, and particulary in both grous, the nitrate reductase activity in the roots of rye seedlings was higher than that in shoots of them.

건선 조직에서의 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 유전자의 발현

최윤애(Yoon Yae Choi),이규석(Kyu Suk Lee),장은숙(Sang Sook Lee),이상숙(Eun Sook Chang),송준영(Jun Young Song) 대한피부과학회 1992 대한피부과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Psoriasis is characterized by disregulation of keratinocyte growth with profound epidermal hyperplasia. Keratinocyte hyperplasia in psoriasis may be expained in part by overproduction of growth factor, and by altered metabolism of the epidemal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in affected skin. The expression of epidermal growth f ictor receptor was investigated by Northern blot and slot-blot analysis of total RNA extrated from biopsies of normal skin and psoriatic lesions. In Northern blot analysis, EGFR-specific mRNA transcripts from psoriatic tissues demonstrated the specificity of hybridizarion with a EGFR mDNA probe. The size of EGFR mRNA transcript was 6.7kb in psoriasis lesions which showed no change of quality. In slot-blot analysis, the levels of EGFR mRNA in poriasis revealed a 1.2 fold to 4.1 fold elevation when compared to normal skin. EGFR were present in all epidermal layers by immunoperoxidase staining, whereas in normal skin they were primarily present in the stratum basalis. These results indicate that the increased expresion of the EGFR gene may be, in part, responsible for the hyperproliferation of the epider nis and that retained EGFR may reflect incomplet; abnormal differentiation in active porasis. This altered process of EGFR metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. (Kor J Dermatol 1992;30(4):431-438)

피부병변을 동반한 Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy

김병천(Byung Chun Kim),이규석(Kyu Suk Lee),송준영(Joon Young Song),이상숙(Sang Sook Lee),장은숙(Eun Sook Chang) 대한피부과학회 1987 대한피부과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy(SHML) is a benign, generally selflimited pseudolymphomatous disease that typically appears with cervical massive lymphaclenopathy. Extranodal involvement including skin occurs in the 28% of the cases. We report a case af SHML in 51 year-old male who had several, prominent firm masses ranging from 1-10cm in the cervical, axillary, inguinal areas and multiple, plum colored nodules and plaques in the face, trunk for about 10 years. The histopathological findings of cervical lymph node, facial nodule showed dense heavy infiltration of large histiocytes with abundant pale eosinophilic cytoplasm in the subcapsular and medullary sinuses of lymph node and dermis of skin. No atypical cells suggesting malignancy is seen in the infiltrates. The patient had been treated with combination of prednisolone and vinblasstine, but he expired 1 month later.

도시지역 노인들의 치매유병률에 관한 단면조사연구

나덕렬,연병길,강연욱,민경복,이수현,이상숙,이미라,표옥정,박찬병,김선민,배상수,김동현,Na, Duk-L.,Yeon, Byeon-Gil,Kang, Yeon-Wook,Min, Kyung-Bok,Lee, Soo-Hyun,Lee, Sang-Suk,Lee, Mi-Ra,Pyo, Ok-Jung,Park, Chan-Byung,Kim, Sun-Mean,Bae, Sang-S 대한예방의학회 1999 예방의학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Objectives: In Korea, as in most countries, there will be a sharp increase in the number of dementia patients in the near future. However basic data on dementia prevalence, which is important in defining epidemiologic characteristics and in implementing preventive strategy, are limited. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence rate of dementia in the urban elderly aged 65 or older in Kwangmyung, Korea. Methods: A two phase design was used for case finding and case identification. In phase I, a representative sample aged 65 or older was selected and interviewed by door-to-door survey with a Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). In phase II, Of the 946 subjects interviewed in phase 1,356 elderly were randomly selected disproportionately according to K-MMSE score. Of these elderly, 223 (61.5%) underwent standardized clinical evaluations, including psychiatric interview, neurological examination, and neuropsychological assessment. Dementia was diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was made by National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and feinted Disorders Association(NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria and vascular dementia (VD) by DSM-IV. Results: The overall weighted prevalence rate of all dementia among Kwangmyung residents aged 65 or older was 12,8%(age-adjusted rate: 13,0%, 95% Confidence Interval[CI]: 10.6-15.3%). Women had much higher prevalence rate than men even when age was controlled(15.9%[95% CI 12.6-19.2%] vs 7.5%[95% CI 4.0-10.4%]), The rates of dementia were 5.2%, 12.2%, 17.0%, and 34.3% for the age groups of 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 and 80 and over, respectively. The rate of AD appeared to be slightly higher than that of VD(5.2% vs 4.8%), though not statistically significant. Most of the cases(69%) were mild dementia according to CDR(<1) in these subjects. Conclusions : These results showed that the prevalence rate of dementia among urban elderly in Korea appears to be higher than those of other Asian countries.

성인 특발성 신증후군의 임상적 관찰

김현철(Hyun Chul Kim),최찬오(Chan Oh Choi),정태훈(Tae Hoon Chung),서영숙(Young Suk Seo),박성배(Sung Bae Park),박관규(Kwan Kyu Park),이상숙(Sang Sook Lee) 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.40 No.4

N/A A clinical observation was made on 150 adult patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome according to their histological types classified by light microscopic findings at Keimyung University Hospital for the past 6 years. The majority of patients with nephrotic syndrome were young (mean age, 29.6), and the 80% of patients were less then 40 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1 with male predominence. Histopathologic findings of 150 renal biopsy tissues were classified into minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) 58%, focal glomerulosclerosis (16. 7%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (10. 0%), membranous nephropathy (9.3%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (3.3%), and chronic glomerulonephritis (2.7%). The incidence of hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia was more frequent in MCNS than in other histological types. Microscopic hematuria (RBC≥3 in HPF) was seen in 45% of MCNS and in 66% of other histological types. The time interval between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was shorter in MCNS than in other histological types. The average age at onset was youngest in MCNS (mean age, 25) and oldest in membranous nephropathy Microscopic hematuria, renal insufficiency, and hypocomplementemia was most frequently seen in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis than in other histological types, and hypertension was most frequent in membranous nephropathy. In reaction to steroid therapy, the highest response rate was seen in MCNS, which showed complete remission in 54%, partial remission in 21%, and no response in 24%. Meanwhile, those with other histological types showed only partial remission or no response at all. Sixty-six percent of patients with with MCNS experienced remission in 4 weeks, and 93% of patients with MCNS went into remission within 8 weeks of steroid therapy. Major side effects of steroid therapy were Cushingoid appearance (27.1%, facial ance (10. 2%, diabetes mellitus (8.5%), and peptic ulcer (3.4%), in decreasing order of frequency. With cyclophosphamide therapy, complete remission was obtainded in 60% of patients with MCNS, while 20% of patients with MCNS had partial remission. In contrast, none of the patients with other histological types except mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis showed complete remission During the follow-up period, the majority of patients with MCNS were in complete or partial remission, wherease patients with other histological types showed persistent nephrotic syndrome. Five patients died within 2 years after diagnosis, 2 from miliary tuberculosis and the other 3 from uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and suicide.

위신경내분비암 1례

김상일,이정은,윤상미,송홍석,이상숙 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1998 계명의대학술지 Vol.17 No.4

저자들은 67세 남자 환자에서 위부분절제술 시행 후 cisplatin와 etoposide의 복합항암화학요법을 실시한 위신경내분비암 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. The existence of gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas had been scarcely recognized. When present, the correct diagnosis is seldom made before surgery. The recognition of these tumors can be problematic for the pathologist. Some of these tumors have "small cell" appearance by light microscopic examination, but others only be called "poorly differentiated carcinoma". But tremendous advances in immunohistochemistry in the last 15 years have yielded powerful tools to the pathologist in diagnosing these tumors. We experienced a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach. The patient was a 67-year-old male and visited our hospital with epigastric pain. Subtotally resected stomach showed 3.5×4×5cm sized ulcerated tumor that was located at lesser curvature. Final diagnosis was neuroendocrine carcinoma, which stained positively for synaptophysin immunohistochemically. Herein, we report a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of stomach and review the literature.

우리 시의 한자어와 그 운용의 미학

이상숙 현대문학이론학회 2001 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This Article is focused on making some patterns of poetic effects and meanings which were acquired by using Chinese characters intentionally and strategically in Korean poems. Each patterns can be classified as this; Chinese characters used for visual effect, for condensation and tension of poetical idea, for collision and fusion of image and for close correspondence with meaning by delicate usage. To extract these patterns, Seo Jung-Ju, Jeong Ji-Young, Kim Soo-Young, Kim Jong-Kil and Kim Jong-Sam's works were analyzed. Using pictural Chinese characters, Seo Jung-Ju acquired visual effect and also express rhythmical sense by repetition. Jeong Ji-Young, well-grounded in Chinese characters, use Chinese characters positively and freely to condense poetical idea, to create sensitive image and to make poetic tension. Kim Soo-Young and Kim Jong-Sam emboss theme and attract reader's attention through the random associations of Chinese characters. On the basis of deep knowledge in Chinese characters, Kim Jong-Kil showed us minute usage of Chinese characters which were closely correspondent with meaning.