하나님의 영과 신인식 - 이사야와 에스겔을 중심으로 -

이사야 한국구약학회 2016 구약논단 Vol.22 No.4

구약학에서 חור(루아흐)와 성령론은 다른 신학적 주제어들에 비해 상대적으로 덜 연구된 것이 사실이다. 실제로 구약성서에 등장하는 שודק חור(루아흐 카도쉬/성령)에 대한 직접적인 표현은 시편 51편 13절(개역-11절), 이사야 63장 10절, 11절 뿐이다. 하지만 구약성서 특히 예언서는 신인식론적인 하나님의 영에 대해 65회 언급하고 있다. 하나님의 영과 힘으로서의 신(神)인식론적인 의미는 구약성서만이 지니고 있는 독특한 표현이다. 특히 예언자들이 말하는 하나님의 영은 하나님의 임재의 한 방법이다. 본 논문은 구약의 예언서, 특히 포로기와 그 이후에 나타나는 하나님의 영 본문들을 주석적으로 살펴보면서 그 신학적 특징들을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 통해 루아흐가 구약성서의 또 다른 신학적 중심어라는 사실을 주목함과 동시에 구약의 영과 영성, 성령론에 대한 빈곤한 연구 건축에 돌 하나를 얹고자 한다. 하나님의 창조와 재창조, 절대주권, 이스라엘의 회복, 하나님의 절대 주권, 신인식에 대한 보편주의, 개인의 신앙양태의 변화는 예언서에서 하나님의 영과 맞물려 나타나는 중요한 신학적 특징들이다. 에스겔은 단순히 생기를 통한 피조물의 생명 얻음을 이야기하는 것이 아니라, 전체 이스라엘 민족의 회복을 선포하고, 생명의 호흡으로서의 하나님의 영을 통해 이스라엘의 회복과 새로운 창조를 말하면서 이스라엘의 내면적, 윤리적 변화를 요구한다. 이사야도 하나님의 영이 임재할 이스라엘 백성을 통해 본토와 민족의 회복이라는 사실에 대한 보다 폭넓은 의미를 제시한다. 그리고 전통적인 기름부음을 대신하는 영부음이 나타나고, 하나님의 이름과 영광, 손 그리고 말씀과의 연합이 나타난다. 이는 전통적인 임재의 상징이었던 법궤를 대신하는 표현들이라고 할 수 있다. 학개와 스가랴 그리고 에스겔은 성전의 재건과 회복된 공동체의 필수요건으로서의 하나님의 영을 말한다. 특히 이사야 63장의 שודק הור(루아흐 카도쉬/성령)는 하나님의 거룩함에 대한 강조가 하나님의 현현묘사까지 나아간 것으로, 이는 하나님의 영에 대한 인식이 하나님의 권능을 나타내는 도구에서 하나님의 현현을 통한 존재 자체에까지 확장되는 점에서 신인식론적인 대전환(大轉換)이라 할 수 있다. 이는 하나님에 대한 인식과 마찬가지로 하나님의 영에 대해서도 다양성과 인식의 변화가 있었음을 보여준다고 할 것이다. Studies on the theme of הור or Holy Spirit are rare in comparision with other theological themes in the Old Testament. In fact, the word Holy Spirit (שודק חור) occurs only three times in the Old Testament(Ps.51:13; Is.63:10,11). But the books of Prophets include sixty-five times of God’s Spirit of theoepistemological meaning. The theoepistemological meaning of God’s Spirit and Power is unique expression which could not find in any other near eastern texts except the Old Testament. Especially, God’s Spirit was a way of God’s presence to the prophets. The purpose of this paper is to make clear theological features in interpreting God’s Spirit texts in the Prophets and to prove the fact that חור is one of the theologically important themes in the Old Testament and to contribute to the development of studies of Holy Spirit in the Old Testament. God’s creation and re-creation, supremacy, Israel’s restoration, universalism on the theoepistemology, changes of individual religious life are main theological characteristics engaging with the God’s Spirit in the Prophets. Ezekiel said not merely the creatures' life-receiving through life-giving spirit, but entire Israel's restoration and new creation(Ez.37) and required Israel’s internal, ethical changes. Also Isaiah presented the fact that the meaning of new life-giving was not restricted in natural creatures and pointed out wider meaning about the restoration of the own land and nation(Is.40:12-14; 44:1-5 etc.). And there appeared the integrated relationship between pouring of oil and presence of Ruah YHWH, so to speak, the selection of YHWH appeared through oil-pouring was replaced by pouring of Ruah YHWH. Shem YHWH, Kabod YHWH and Yad YHWH supports the presence of Him(Is.59:19; Ez.3:12,14; 43:5 etc.). These are the alternations of the ark which was traditional symbol of God’s presence. Haggai, Zechariah and Ezekiel paid attention to God’s Spirit, necessary element of the reconstruction of the temple and the restoration of the faith of Israelite community. Especially שודק חור(Is.63:10,11) was the expression of God’s presence itself (not a symbol) starting from the emphasis of God’s holiness and it could be the theological great conversion because God’s Spirit appeared as the agent of YHWH or even His own manifestation. We could see the diversity of the epistemology of God’s presence and even its changes in the prophets.

2014 대한민국 독도 이사부 컨퍼런스 심포지엄 <이사부, 실직국과 우산국> 종합토론 녹취록

한국이사부학회 한국이사부학회 2014 이사부와 동해 Vol.8 No.-

산사태와 지형공간정보의 연관성 분석을 통한 장흥지역 산사태 취약성 분석

이사로,지광훈,박노욱,신진수 대한자원환경지질학회 2001 자원환경지질 Vol.34 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze the landslide susceptibility, containing the process, which reveals spatial relationships between landslides and geospatial data sets, which occurred in Janghung area in 1998. Landslide locations were detected from remotely sensed image and field survey and topography, soil, forest, and land use data sets were constructed as a spatial database in GIS. As the landslide occurrence factors, slope, aspect, curvature and type of topography, texture, material, drainage and effective thickness of soil, type, age, diameter and density of wood and land use were used. To extract the relationship between landslides and geospatial database, likelihood ratio was calculated and compared with the result of Yongin area. Also, the landslide susceptibility index was calculated by summation of the likelihood ratio and the landslide susceptibility map was generated using the index. As a result, it is expected that spatial relationships between landslides and geospatial database is helpful to explain the characteristics of lilndslide and the landslide susceptibility map is used to reduce associated hazards, and to plan land use and construction. 본 연구는 1998년 경기도 장흥지역에서 발생한 산사태의 취약성 분석을 목표로 산사태와 공간정보사이의 연관성을 정량적으로 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 산사태 발생위치는 원격탐사 영상과 야외 조사를 통해 작성하였으며, GIS 기반의 공간 데이터베이스로 지형, 토양, 임상 및 토지이용자료를 구축하였다. 지형자료로는 경사, 방위, 곡률을, 토양자료로는 토질, 토양 배수, 토양 모재, 유효 토심을, 임상자료로는 임상, 영급, 경급 및 밀도를 이용하였다. 산사태 발생과 공간정보사이의 관계는 우도비를 이용하여 정량적으로 추출하였으며, 경기도 용인지역에서 발생한 산사태의 분석결과와 비교를 하였다. 그리고 계산된 우도비를 이용하여 연구지역 전체에 대한 산사태 취약성 지수도를 작성하였다. 연구결과, 산사태 발생과 밀접한 관련이 있는 공간정보를 추출할 수 있었으며, 이러한 분석결과는 산사태 피해 예방을 위한 방재사업, 국토개발 계획 등의 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

산사태 발생 자료 분석에 의한 장흥지역의 전단 단열계 연구

이사로,최위찬,민경덕 대한자원환경지질학회 2000 자원환경지질 Vol.33 No.6

The purpose of this study is to analyze shear fracture system using landslide location occurred 1998 at Janghung area. For the geological implication, foliation was surveyed and analyzed, and location of landslide, geological structure and topography were constructed into spatial database using GIS. With the constructed spatial database, shear fracture system was assessed by the relation analysis between strike and dip of the foliation and aspect and slope of the topography. We compared strike and dip of foliation and aspect and slope of topography and recognized the typical fracture pattern, strike and dip of joint, that coincided with shear fracture system. The result tells us that foliation of gneiss has geometrical relation to joint or fault that leading landslide. GIS was used to analyze vast data efficiently and the result can be used to assess the landslide susceptibility as important factor.

中国新能源汽车财政补贴政策简析

李士梅(이사매) 한국지방재정학회 2018 한국지방재정학회 세미나자료집 Vol.2018 No.8

지질구조자료를 이용한 산사태 취약성 분석 기법 개발 및 적용 연구

이사로,최위찬,장범수 대한공간정보학회 2002 Spatial Information Research Vol.10 No.2

Development of GIS-based geological hazard information system and its application for landslide analysis in Korea

이사로,Ueechan Choi 한국지질과학협의회 2003 Geosciences Journal Vol.7 No.3

Techniques for geological hazard management, assess-ment and prediction must be developed for the prevention andmitigation of geological hazards. To enable this, data sets related togeological hazard prevention related must be constructed, analyzedand distributed to customers. For this, a spatial database (SDB)including geological hazards, basic maps, damageable objects, sat-ellite imagery, meteorological data and terrain analysis data wasconstructed using GIS, and to manage the SDB, a geological haz-ard information system (GHIS) was developed. The SDB is coveringmost area of South Korea and was formed at national, regionaland medium scales separately in the form of index and adminis-trative district unit. Using the GHIS, the SDB can be selectedaccording to scale, locality and diferent types of data, and can beedited and manipulated. For the application of the constructed SDB,landslide hazard was analyzed for the Janghung area, Korea.Landslide susceptibility was analyzed using the landslide-occur-rence factors by frequency ratio model. For the verification, theresult of the analysis was applied to study areas. The verificationresults showed satisfactory agreement between the susceptibilitymap and the existing data on landslide locations.

산사태 공간 정보시스템 개발 및 산사태 공간 정보의 활용

이사로,김윤종,민경덕 한국공간정보학회 2000 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop and apply spatial landslide information system using Geographic information system (GIS) in concerned with spatial data. Landslide locations detected from interpretation of aerial photo and field survey, and topographic , soil , forest , and geological maps of the study area, Yongin were collected and constructed into spatial database using GIS. As landslide occurrence factors, slope, aspect and curvature of topography were calculated from the topographic database. Texture, material, drainage and effective thickness of soil were extracted from the soil database, and type, age, diameter and density of wood were extracted from the forest database. Lithology was extracted from the geological database, and land use was classified from the Landsat TM satellite image. In addition, landslide damageable objects such as building, road, rail and other facility were extracted from the topographic database. Landslide susceptibility was analyzed using the landslide occurrence factors by probability, logistic regression and neural network methods. The spatial landslide information system was developed to retrieve the constructed GIS database and landslide susceptibility . The system was developed using Arc View script language(Avenue), and consisted of pull-down and icon menus for easy use. Also, the constructed database can be retrieved through Internet World Wide Web (WWW) using Internet GIS technology. 본 연구는 지리정보시스템(GIS)을 이용하여 공간정보를 중심으로 한 산사태 공간 정보 시스템을 개발하고 활용하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 항공사진 판독 및 현장조사로 산사태 위치를 탐지하고 , 지형도, 토양도, 임상도, 지질도 등이 연구지역인 용인지역에 대해 수집되고 GIS를 이용하여 공간 데이터베이스로 구축되었다. 산사태 발생요인인 지형의 경사, 경상방향, , 곡률등은 지형 데이터베이스로부터 계산되었고 토질, 토양모재, 배수, 유효토심 등은 토양 데이터베이스로부터 추출되었고, 임상, 영급, 경급, 밀도 등은 임상 데이터베이스로부터 추출되었다. 그리고 역시 산사태 발생요인인 임상은 지질데이터베이스로부터 추출되었고, 토지이용은 Landsat TM 영상을 이용하여 추출되었다. 여기에 빌딩, 도로, 철도, 각종 시설물 등 산사태로 인해 피해를 받을 수 있는 요소에 대해서도 지형데이터베이스로부터 추출되었다. 산사태 취약성은 이러한 산사태 발생요인을 이용하여 확률, 로지스틱 회귀모델, 인공신경망 기법을 적용하여 분석되었다. 이러한 산사태 발생 요인 및 취약성 분석결과를 검색하기 위해 산사태 공간정보시스템이 개발되었다. 이 시스템은 ArcView 의 스크립트 언어인 Avenue를 이용하여 개발되었고 풀다운 메뉴 및 아이콘 메뉴방식을 사용하여 쉽게 개발되었다. 그리고 구축된 산사태 발생요인 및 취약성 분석결과를 인터넷 GIS 기술을 이용하여 인터넷 WWW 환경에서 검색할 수 있게 하였다.

Application and cross-validation of spatial logistic multiple regression for landslide susceptibility analysis

이사로 한국지질과학협의회 2005 Geosciences Journal Vol.9 No.1

The aim of this study is to apply and cross-validate a spatial logistic multiple-regression model at Boeun, Korea using a Geographic Information System (GIS). For this landslide locations in the Boeun area were identified by interpretation of aerial photographs and field surveys. Maps of the topography, soil type, forest cover, geology and land cover were constructed from a spatial database. The 13 factors that influence landslide occurrence were calculated and extracted from the spatial database. Using the 13 factors, landslide susceptibility was analyzed by logistic multiple-regression methods. For validation and cross-validation, the result of the landslide susceptibility analysis obtained from Boeun area was applied to Yongin area in Korea. The validation and cross-validation results showed 75.0% and 85.3% prediction accuracy between the susceptibility map and the existing landslide locations. The GIS was used to analyze the vast amount of data efficiently and statistical programs were used to maintain specificity and accuracy.

Data used for GIS-based Flood Susceptibility Mapping

이사로,Rezaie Fetemeh (사)지오에이아이데이터학회 2022 GEO DATA Vol.4 No.1

The dramatic increase in flood incidents as a significant threat to human life and property, environment, and infrastructure indicates the necessity of mapping spatial distribution of flood susceptible areas to reduce destructive effects of flooding. During the last decade, the integration of the geographic information system (GIS) with the remote sensing data provide efficient means to generate a more reliable and precise flood susceptibility map. The present study contains a review of 200 articles on the application of GIS-based methods in indicating flood vulnerable areas. The papers were reviewed in terms of influential variables, study area, and the number of articles published in the last 10 years. The review shows that the number of studies has increased since 2012. The total study areas covered 39 countries that were mostly located in Asia where the major developments and infrastructures have been constructed in the floodplains. The most common study areas was Iran (44 articles, 22%), followed by India (26 articles, 13%), China (26 articles, 11%), and Vietnam (15 articles, 7.5%). More than 90 variables were considered to map flood susceptible areas that the top 5 widely used flood conditioning factor are slope (98% of total articles), followed by elevation (92% of total articles), land use/land cover (79.5% of total articles), distance to the river (76.5% of total articles), and rainfall (73% of total articles). The review implies that many natural and anthropogenic factors affect flooding and the combination of both groups of factors is necessary to accurately detect and map flood-prone parts of the study area.