UASB 반응조에서 수리학적부하와 유기물질 부하 및 기질농도가 처리효율 및 입상슬러지 특성에 미치는 영향

이병헌,정몽규 ( Byung Hun Lee,Mong Kyu Jeung ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 1994 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Chemical Effects of Nuclear Transformations in Metal Salts

이병헌,이종두,Byung Hun Lee,Jong Du Lee Korean Chemical Society 1975 대한화학회지 Vol.19 No.5

크롬산염, 중크롬산염, 요오드산염 및 과요드산염의 중성자포획에 수반하는 크롬-51 및 요오드-128 반조 화학종의 분배를 거름종이 전기영동법으로 검토하였다. 유효반조에너지 및 내부전환의 관점에서 생각하면 중성자 포획원자가 초기분자중에 잔유하고 반조원자에너지가 결정의 적은 범위를 가열하며 소멸된다고 하기 어렵다. 그러나 거름종이 전기영동결과 더 많은 크롬-51 및 요오드-128 반조원자가 어미분자와 결합되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 잔류율의 관찰결과 반응 이론을 Disorder Model로 설명하였다. 양이온 반경이 클수록 2차 cage를 돌파하는 반조원자의 확율이 높다. 암모늄염중 암모늄이온은 disorder zone에서 환원작용을 하며 잔류율이 낮어졌다. 결정구조에서 자유공간이 크면 잔류율이 낮어졌다. The distribution of $^{51}Cr\;and\;^{128}I$ recoil species following radiative-neutron capture in chromates, dichromates, iodates and periodates has been investigated by using paper-electrophoresis. In view of the effective recoil energy and the effect of the internal conversion, it is unlikely that an atom which has captured a neutron can remain bound in its original molecule. It is also unlikely that the energy of the recoil atom is dissipated in heating a small region of the crystal. However, the results of paper-electrophoresis separation of recoil $^{51}Cr\;and\;^{128}I$ indicated that many more of the recoil atoms were bound in the parent molecule. The disorder model for the reaction was proposed from observations of retention. In considering cations, the greater their radii, the higher is the probability of the recoil atom breaking through the secondary cage. In ammonium salt, the ammonium ion behaved as a reducing agent in the disorder zone and resulted in low retention. Crystal structures with their greater free space have shown low retention.

Chemical Effects of Nuclear Transformations in Metal Permanganates

이병헌,김봉환,Lee, Byung-Hun,Kim, Bong-Whan Korean Association for Radiation Protection 1986 방사선방어학회지 Vol.11 No.1

금속 과망간산염 즉 과망간산칼륨, 과망간산나트륨, 과망간산은, 과망간산바륨, 과망간산암모늄에서 망간의 중성자 포획으로 야기되는 화학적 효과를 고찰하였다. 생성된 방사성 망간의 분포는 각종 흡착제 및 이온교환체 즉 이산화망간, 알루미나, 제올라이트 A-3, 카올리나이트, 도엑스 -50을 사용하여 결정하였다. 각종 흡착제 및 이온교환체에 대한 방사성 망간의 분포는 각 과망간산염에 대하여 거의 유사한 결과를 갖는다. 방사성 망간의 친화력은 도엑스 -50이 가장 크다. 잔류율의 현저한 증가가 열-어니일링을 통하여 나타나며 잔류율은 각 과망간산염의 금속이온의 제 1차 이온화 전위에 의존한다. The chemical effects resulting from the capture of the thermal neutrons by manganese in different crystalline permanganates, that is, potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate, silver permanganate, barium permanganate and ammonium permanganate, have been investigated. The distribution of radioactive manganese formed has been determined by using different absorbents and ion-exchangers, that is, manganese dioxide, alumina, Zeolite A-3, Kaolinite and Dowex-50. The distribution of radioactive manganese in various adsorbents and ion-exchangers has almost similar result for each permanganate. The affinity for radioactive manganous ion is greatest for Dewex-50. A significant increase of retention is shown through the thermal annealing and the retention depends on the first ionization potential of metal ion in permanganates.

이상 소설의 문체

이병헌 ( Lee Byung-hun ) 국제어문학회 ( 구 국제어문학연구회 ) 2011 국제어문 Vol.53 No.-

본고는 한국 현대소설의 문체 유형이라는 틀을 확립하여 한국의 현대 소설의 특질을 밝히고자 하는 커다란 계획의 일환으로 작성한 것이다. 소설 문체에 대한 기존의 연구가 개별 작가의 문체적 특성을 구명하는 데 치우침으로써 소설의 문체에 대한 일반 이론을 수립하는 데에 현저히 미치지 못하고 있으며, 개별 작가나 작품의 문체를 분석하는 작업 또한 일정한 한계를 노출하고 있다고 파악했기 때문이다. 본고는 궁극적으로 한국 현대소설의 문체 지도를 작성하여 그 통시적, 공시적 여러 특성을 밝히기 위한 초석이 되는 작업이라 할 수 있다. 우리는 여기서 `제시와 표현`, `절제와 발산`이라는 두 개념쌍을 좌표축으로 삼는 가상적 평면을 설정하고 거기서 이상 소설의 문체가 어떠한 위치를 차지하는가를 살펴보았다. 이상의 소설은 주제적 층위에서는 `사물화와 의인화`, `반복과 변주`, `경구의 빈번한 사용`, `비정통적 문장의 활용` 등의 문체소를 활용하여 `표현의 문체`의 특징을 잘 나타내고 있다. 주제 취급의 양태의 층위에서는 `작가의 개입`, `생각의 유희의 표출`, `지속적 리듬감의 부여` 등의 문체소를 활용하여 `발산의 문체`의 특징을 현저하게 나타내고 있다. 요컨대 이상 소설의 문체는 본고의 문체 분류상 주제적 층위에서는 `표현의 문체`가, 주제 취급의 양태의 층위에서는 `발산의 문체`가 지배적인 양상을 보이고 있다고 할 수 있다. This aims to define the style of Lee Sang`s novel. And this forms a line in the chain of the project that clarifies the characteristics of Korean modern novel by settlement of the style pattern model of Korean modern novel. With the help of text linguistics, I set up the two dimensional standards which are `presentation and expression` according to the function of sentence and `moderation and emission` according to the aspect of subject treatment, and looked into the characteristics of each style. As for the styles classified by the function of sentence, the style of `presentation` is to write at a distance from the emotion, feeling and intention of the text maker or writer in describing the story, background and events of the novel and the characters` psychology. Whereas the style of `expression` gives priority to the manifestation of the feeling and attitude of the writer and to the dealing with the text maker as a subject matter over the uninvolved neutral writing. So the phrase which is intruded by the writer`s judgement and the sentence which has the device that attracts the reader`s attention are the style markers of the `expression.` The style of Lee Sang`s novel comes under the style of `expression` according to the classification by the function of sentence. `Materialization and personification`, `repetition and variation`, `frequent use of epigram`, and `employment of abnormal sentences` in Lee Sang`s novel belong to the style markers of the `expression.` As for the style classified by the aspects of subject treatment, the style of `moderation` is the statement and expression which restrains the desire for using words and keeps the virtue of harmony and proportion in managing the subject of the novel. It`s influence reveals when it shows the circumstances explicitly and makes clear the message that the writer wish to convey through a few proper words, The style of `emission` is the narrator`s attitude of saying freely and fully what he want to say in easy and relaxed state with confidence. It is the style in which any circumstance and psychology is tole fully by means of the rhetorical devices of the effect of communication can reach to the maximum by means of eloquence, pungent colloquialism or unconstrained sentence. According to the classification, the style of `emission` remarkably prevails in the style of Lee Sang`s novel in comparison with the styles of Kim Seung-Ok`s and Oh Jeong-Hee`s novel in which the styles of `moderation` and `emission` are relatively balanced. `Intrusion of author`, `exhibition of playing with idea`, and `allowance of continuous rhythmic sense` belong to the style markers of the `emission` in Lee Sang`s novel.

음식물 폐기물을 이용한 석회처리비료화 연구

이병헌 ( Byung-hun Lee ),박범석 ( Beom-seok Park ),김승년 ( Seong-nyon Kim ),김상엽 ( Sang-yeob Kim ) 한국수처리학회 2017 한국수처리학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Calcareous fertilizer by the injection of quicklime can prevent the nutrients and acidification of the soil necessary for the growth of crops by mixing nutrients and quicklime contained in food wastes. Studies on lime application on crops are researched. However, the optimum data on the quicklime application rate and the reaction time of food waste is less known. Therefore, in this study, we tried to suggest the optimal quicklime application rate and reaction time in lime treated fertilizer using food wastes. The experimental design was based on the central synthesis method of the reaction surface method using the statistical program Minitab15. The change of temperature according to the quicklime application rate and the reaction time increased to 98 ~ 113 ℃ after 10 min of reaction time in all experiments except 18% of quicklime application rate. The pH was in the range of 12.02 ~ 12.17 after the lime reaction and it was confirmed that the food was stabilized and alkalized. Water(%), organic matter(%), alkali(%) and salinity(%) concentration tended to decrease with the amount of quicklime and reaction time. Water(%) of lime treated fertilizer using food wastes ranged from 49.9 to 59.2 %, and organic matter(%) was ranged from 11.4 to 14.1 %. When the water content was reduced to 35 % after lime treatment, the alkali content was in the range of 17 - 24 %, and each item satisfied the lime processing fertilizer standard. Water(%), organic matter(%), alkali fraction(%) and salinity(%) concentration of lime treated fertilizer using food waste by regression analysis using minitab 15 can be expressed respectively by the following model. Here, x1 and x2 are the reaction time(minutes) and the lime application rate(%), respectively. Y(water,%) = 108.1 - 0.236 x1 - 3.23 x2 + 0.002 x1² + 0.0052 x2² - 0.001 x1x2 Y(organic matter,%) = 33.27 - 0.119 x1 - 1.333 x2 - 0.0001 x1² + 0.0213 x2² - 0.004 x1x2 Y(alkaline minutes,%) = - 19.75 + 0.6212 x1 - 1.362 x2 - 0.0028 x1² - 0.0067 x2² - 0.0145 x1x2 Y(salinity,%) = - 108.1 - 0.236 x1 - 3.23 x2 + 0.002 x1² + 0.0052 x2² - 0.001 x1x2

Ag-TiO₂ 광촉매 공정을 이용한 Fulvic acid의 제거

이병헌 ( Byung-hun Lee ),김민경 ( Min-gyeong Kim ) 한국수처리학회 2017 한국수처리학회지 Vol.25 No.1

This study is to remove fulvic acid of natural organic matters(NOMs) that existed in water and polluted in the water system. Fulvic acids show a high reactivity towards chlorine and make trihalomethanes in water treatment. The optimum conditions for the removal of natural organic matters were investigated using photocatalytic oxidation, which is and advanced oxidation process. For the more effective photocatalytic reaction than the conventional photocatalytic reaction, Ag was added and the experiment was conducted. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to find the appropriate amount of Ag injection. Fulvic acid was selected as Natural Organic Matter(NOM). TiO₂ was fixed to the reactor at 300 g/L and a UV lamp with a wavelength of 254 + 185 nm was used in the experiment. Experiments were conducted under the conditions of Ag of 0.15 - 5.8 g / L, reaction time of 10 - 70 min, and irradiation density of 9.5 - 13.7 W / L. Experimental results showed that the optimum removal rate was Ag 3.5 g/L, irradiation density 13 W/L and reaction time 50 min.

외부탄소원 주입시 영양염류의 생물학적 제거를 위한 자동제어 SBR 공정에 관한 연구

이병헌 ( Byung Hun Lee ),강성재 ( Seong Jae Kang ),임성일 ( Sung Il Lim ),유평종 ( Pyung Jong Yoo ) 한국물환경학회 2002 한국물환경학회지 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of this study is to develop effective operating process in order to achieve more suitable conditions of Anoxic-Oxic-Anoxic-Stripper(AOAS) SBR through real-time control. To improve the removal efficiency, glucose, methanol and synthetic food waste acid fermentant were added as an external carbon source, In the case of glucose and synthetic food waste acid fermentant, TN, TP were removed to average 86.9%, 73.0% respectively. Methanol was removed to average 64.6%, 55.4% respectively. The synthetic food waste acid fermentant proved to be the most efficient and allowed for the substitution of an external carbon source. The removal rate of COD_Cr, was approximately 90% at all cases. The results of the study that a correlation between ORP (Oxidation- Reduction Potential), pH and DO and nitrification or denitrification when an external carbon source is added and when it isn`t was showed that ΔORP is suitable parameter. ORP reacted properly to denitrification (ΔORP < -10) and nitrification (ΔORP <0). The use of real-time control saved anywhere between 61 and 67 minutes at the anoxic(1) stage and 26 to 52 minutes at the oxic(1) stage. When the time saved from the anoxic(1) and oxic(1) was added to the anoxic(2) stage for the removal efficiency of TN and TP increased from 0.7 to 13.9% and 12 to 35 % respectively.

병렬 펄스 부하를 갖는 직류 전력시스템을 위한 Voltage Bus Conditioner의 전류 센서 없는 제어

이병헌(Byung-Hun Lee),장한솔(Han-Sol Chang),나재두(Jae-Du La),김영석(Young-Seok Kim) 대한전기학회 2012 전기학회논문지 Vol.61 No.11

A DC power system has many loads with varied functions. Also, there may be large pulsed loads with short duty ratios which can affect the normal operation of other loads. In this paper, Voltage Bus Conditioner(VBC) without any current sensors is proposed to damp the bus voltage transients by parallel pulsed loads. The proposed control approach requires only one voltage sensor and carries out both the functions of damping the bus voltage transients and maintaining the level of energy stored. The proposed control technique has been implemented on a TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processor(DSP). Simulated results by a Matlab Simulink and experimental results are presented which verify the control principles and demonstrate the practicalty of the approach.

하수처리 : 하수관거 내의 오염물질 변화 특성모델

이병헌 ( Byung Hun Lee ),김광재 ( Kwang Jai Kim ),황은주 ( Enu Ju Hwang ) 대한상하수도학회 2007 공동추계 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

오정희 소설의 문체

이병헌 ( Byung Hun Lee ) 우리어문학회 2006 우리어문연구 Vol.27 No.-

This is an attempt to study on the style of Oh Jeong-Hee`s novel. With the help of text linguistics, I set up the two dimensional standards which are `presentation and expression` according to the functions of sentences and `moderation and emission` according to the aspects of subject treatment, and looked into the characteristics of each style. As for the styles classified by the function of sentence, the style of `presentation` is to write at a distance from the emotion, feeling and intention of the text maker or writer in describing the story, background and events of the novel and the characters` psychology. Whereas the style of `expression` gives priority to the manifestation of the feeling and attitude of the writer and to the dealing with the text maker as a subject matter over the uninvolved neutral writing. So the phrase which is intruded by the writer`s judgement and the sentence which has the device that attracts the reader`s attention are the style markers of the `expression`. The style of Oh Jeong-Hee`s novel comes under the style of `expression` according to the classification by the function of sentence. `Materialization and personification`, `application of grotesque image`, `mingling of imagination and reality`, and `use of long modification including dual modification` in Oh Jeong-Hee`s novel belong to the style markers of the `expression`. As for the style classified by the aspects of subject treatment, the style of `moderation` is the statement and expression which restrains the desire for using words and keeps the virtue of harmony and proportion in managing the subject of the novel. It`s influence reveals when it shows the circumstances explicitly and makes clear the message that the writer wish to convey through a few proper words. The style of `emission` is the narrator`s attitude of saying freely and fully what he want to say in easy and relaxed state with confidence. It is the style in which any circumstance and psychology is told fully by means of the rhetorical devices and the effect of communication can reach to the maximum by means of eloquence, pungent colloquialism or unconstrained sentence. According to the classification, the style of `emission` prevails in the style of Oh Jeong-Hee`s novel though the styles of `moderation` and `emission` are properly balanced. `Exhibition of playing with idea`, `allowance of continuous rhythmic sense` and `descriptive statement` belong to the style markers of the `emission` in Oh Jeong-Hee`s novel.