외상 후 스트레스 장애의 신경기반 : 부적점화과제와 기능자기공명영상 연구

이병택,유정,이동훈,손명호,강내희,함병주,최남희,Lee, Byeong-Taek,Ryu, Jeong,Lee, Dong Hoon,Sohn, Myeong-Ho,Kang, Nae Hee,Ham, Byung-Joo,Choi, Nam Hee 대한생물정신의학회 2008 생물정신의학 Vol.15 No.2

Objectives : Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) has been primarily associated with emotional problems. Recently, however, the impact of PTSD on cognitive processes has interested a growing number of researchers. The current study is aimed at investigating the cognitive aspects of PTSD at both behavioral and neurological levels. Methods : We recruited individuals with PTSD who survived the Daegu subway explosion in 2003 as well as non-PTSD individuals as a control group. To evaluate the inhibitory processes and the neural mechanisms, we had these individuals perform the negative priming task simultaneously with functional MRI scanning. Results : Behaviorally, the negative priming effect was intact in the control group but was not evident in the PTSD group. In the imaging results, only the PTSD group showed the negative priming effect (i.e., increased activation of the negative priming condition as opposed to the neutral condition) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior temporal gyrus. The PTSD group also showed increased activity for the positive priming condition as opposed to the neutral condition in the claustrum. These results confirm and extend the previous findings that the integrity of the ACC is compromised in the trauma survivors due to disrupted white matter tract. Conclusions : The current results suggest that deteriorated performance of the PTSD group may be due to the functional problem as well as the structural abnormalities.

KTX 산천 보조전력변환장치 냉각용 송풍팬 적용에 관한 고찰

이병택(Byung-Taek Lee),김연충(Yeon-Chung Kim),한정수(Jeong-Soo Han) 한국철도학회 2012 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

본 논문은 KTX 산천 차량의 동력차에 위치한 보조전력변환장치 냉각용 송풍팬 적용시 고려해야 할 송풍팬의 설계 사항을 수립하는데 목적이 있다. KTX 산천의 보조전력변환장치 송풍팬은 보조블럭 상단에 수직으로 설치되고 구형파 전원을 이용하고 있다. 또한 300km/h 이상의 운행속도에 따른 진동도 고려해야 한다. 이러한 위치적,환경적 특성과 입력 전원을 고려하여 송풍팬을 설계함으로써 운행 시 오랜 수명을 보장할 수 있다. This paper `s aims is to establish the blower application in the Auxiliary power units located in the KTX Sancheon vehicle when applying the design of the blower fan. KTX Sancheon`s auxiliary power conversion device auxiliary blower fan is installed vertically at the top of the block and use square wave power. You should also consider the 300km / h or more according to the running speed vibration. When there is the sales operation, the blower to ensure a long life by considering and designing the environmental characteristics and the input power to the blower fan.

경량전철 집전장치의 접촉압력과 이선율에 대한 연구

이병택(Lee Byung-Taek),임원식(Lim Won-Sik) 한국철도학회 2005 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

The rubber tire type AGT vehicles had been developed in a few years. And testing are finished on the test track. The extremely differ from heavy train with iron wheels are current collect type and wheel"s characteristic. Analysis the current collect gear dynamic with vehicle dynamic and reduce the exchange rate shoes of current collect gear"s.

불평등 전계에서 SF₆/N₂ 혼합가스의 AC 절연파괴전압 시뮬레이션 및 실험값와의 비교

이병택(Byung-Taek Lee),황청호,이태호(Tae-Ho Lee),허창수(Chang-Su Huh),장용무(Yong-Moo Chang),Ki-Taek Lee 대한전기학회 2010 전기학회논문지 Vol.59 No.8

SF? is the most commonly used insulating gas in electrical systems. But In these days SF? mixtures and alternative gas has been studied because of global warming. so although many studies have been carried out about binary gas mixtures with SF?, few studies were presented about breakdown characteristics of SF?/N₂ mixtures. At present study the breakdown characteristics of SF?/N₂ mixtures in Non-uniform field was performed. In this paper, The simulation value are compared with experiment values. Streamer breakdown criterion was used for predicting breakdown voltage. For accurate simulation this simulation apply utilization factor using CST(computer simulation technology) EM studio<SUP>tm</SUP> program. AC breakdown experiments in non-uniform field was performed to compare with the breakdown simulation values. The pressure range of gas mixtures was 0.4 ㎫ to 0.7 ㎫. The rod-plane was used and mixture ratio is SF? 20% : N₂ 80%. The gap lengths are 10㎜ to 70㎜. As the pressure increase, this simulation value does not correspond to the experiment value. So this simulation need surface roughness factor. As a result of applying surface roughness factor this simulation decrease a relative error (? experiment value - simulation value?/simulation value).

준평등전계에서 SF?/CF₄ 혼합가스의 절연 파괴 전압 및 임계전계 특성

이병택(Byung-Taek Lee),황청호(Cheong-Ho Hwang),안정식(Jung-Sik An),허창수(Chang-Su Huh) 대한전기학회 2009 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.7

SF? is the most commonly used insulating gas in electrical systems. But In these days SF? mixtures and alternative gas has been studied because of global warming. so although many studies have been carried out about binary gas mixtures with SF?, few studies were presented about breakdown characteristics of SF?/CF₄ mixtures. At present study the breakdown characteristics of SF?/CF₄ mixtures in quasi-uniform field was performed. This experiments were carried out under AC voltages. The rod-rod electrode was used with 5 ㎜ gap distance. The mixture of SF?/CF4 containing 20%,50%,70% of SF? were compared with pure SF? and CF₄ gas and gas pressure ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 ㎫. The show that the breakdown voltages of gas were linearly increased according to the pressure in quasi-uniform field. For breakdown vlotage values of (E/P)<SUB>crit</SUB> are important. Because If values of (E/P) is a little more than (E/P)<SUB>crit</SUB>, electrons rapidly increase and streamer discharge gernerates. Through this experiments values of (E/P)<SUB>crit</SUB> are found to vary with the ratio of SF?/CF₄ mixture according to the following relationship.

열처리에 따른 W 박막과 6H-SiC의 계면반응에 관한 연구

신양수,이병택,Shin, Yang-Soo,Lee, Byung-Taek 한국재료학회 1998 한국재료학회지 Vol.8 No.6

6H-SiC와 W의 계면에서 열처리에 따라 일어나는 반응을 X-선 회절분석 및 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 $900^{\circ}C$까지 새로운 상의 형성은 없었고, $1100^{\circ}C$와 $1300^{\circ}C$에서 $W_5Si_3$와 $W_2C$가 형성되어 서로 혼재되어 있으며 반응하지 않은 W은 없음을 관찰하였다. 이는 이미 보고된 W/$\beta$-SiC의 경우와 일치하는 결과로서 이 온도영역에서 $W_5Si_3$와 $W_2C$가 안정상임을 시사하고 있다. Phase reactions at W /6H- SiC interfaces during heat treatments were investigated by X- Ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscopy. No detectable reactions were found after annealing at up to 900$0^{\circ}C$ whereas formation of $W_5Si_3$ and $W_2C$</TEX was observed after annealing at lloooe and 1300$0^{\circ}C$ This result is consistent with a previous report that the reactions between 3C-SiC and W occurs at llOOoe, and suggests that $W_5Si_3$ and $W_2C$ are the stable phases in this temperature range.

$BCI_3/H_2/Ar$ 유도결합 플라즈마를 이용한 GaN의 건식 식각에 관한 연구

김성대,정석용,이병택,허증수,Kim, Sung-Dae,Jung, Seog-Yong,Lee, Byung-Taek,Huh, Jeung-Soo 한국재료학회 2000 한국재료학회지 Vol.10 No.3

$BCI_3/H_2/Ar$ ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma)를 이용한 GaN이 건식식각에 있어서 공정변수들이 식각 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 적정조건을 도출하였다. 연구 결과 식각속도와 측벽수직도 공히 ICP 전력, bias 전압과 $BCI_3$ 조성의 증가, 공정압력의 감소에 의해 현저히 증가하며, 온도의 증가에 따라 다소간 증가하였고, 온도의 증가에 따라 다소간 증가하였고, $BCI_3$조성이 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 표면거칠기는 bias 전압 증가에 의해 크게 향상, $BCI_3$ 조성의 감소에 따라 향상되었으며 다른 변수는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결과적으로 ICP 전력 900W, bias 전압 400V, $BCI_3$ 조성 60%, 공정압력 4mTorr의 조건에서 175nm/min 정도의 $CI_2$ 사용 시와 유사한 높은 식각속도와 평탄한 표면이 얻어졌다. Bias 전압이 낮은 경우 식각 후 시료 표면에 $GaC_x$로 추정되는 식각부산물이 관찰되었다. The reactive ion etching process of GaN using $BCI_3/H_2/Ar$ high density inductively coupled plasma was investigated. Results showed that both of the etch rate and the sidewall verticality significantly increased as the ICP power, bias voltage, and the $BCI_3$ ratio were increased whereas effects of the other variables were minimal. The maximum etch rate of about 175nm/min was obtained at the condition of ICP power 900W, bias voltage 400V, 4mTorr, and 60% $BCI_3$, which resulted in reasonably smooth etched surface. Etch residues were observed in the case of samples etched at the low bias conditions, which were proposed to be as the $GaCI_x$ compounds.

슬개골전 점액낭염의 관절경적 절제술

채인정,한승범,이병택,Chae In-Jung,Han Seung-Beom,Lee Byung-Taek 대한관절경학회 2000 대한관절경학회지 Vol.4 No.1

목적 : 보존적 치료에 반응하지 않는 슬개골전 점액낭염에 대하여 점액낭 내벽의 염색후 관절경을 이용한 절제술을 시행하여 고무적인 결과를 얻었기에 그 임상적 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1996년 1월부터 1998년 10월까지 본 교실에서 치료받은 20세 이상의 슬개골전 점액낭염의 환자중 관절경적 절제술을 시행받은 환자 11명을 대상으로 하였다. 수술방법은 앙와위에서 점액낭내로 관절경을 삽입후 메틸렌 블루를 이용하여 내벽의 염색을 시도한후 shaver를 이용하여 내벽을 제거후 지속적 폐쇄 흡입기를 설치한후 압박 드레싱한후 보행을 허용하였다. 결과 : 모든 환자에서 동통을 수반한 반흔은 없었으며 수술 직후부터 보행이 가능하였으며, 추시 관찰중 1례에서 지연 감염이 있었다. 결론 : 관절경을 이용한 슬개골전 점액낭염의 치료는 합병증을 최소화 할 수 있으며, 특히 시술시 점액낭 내벽을 염색함으로써 병변 조직의 구별이 용이하여 슬개골전 점액낭염의 치료에 있어 좋은 술식으로 생각된다. Purpose : We report a result of arthroscopic resection after inner-wall staining for treatment of prepatellar bursitis which was not treated conservatively. Materials and Methods : Between January 1996 and October 1998, We treated arthroscopically 11 patients with prepatellar bursitis. Arthroscopic resection was performed with shaver after inner-wall staining using Methylene Blue and then placed continuous suction drainage and compressive dressing. Results : All patients had no tender scars and were able to walk immediately after procedure. We found one case of late infection during follow-up. Conclusion : Arthroscopic bursectomy minimizes the complication of open bursectomy such as pain or large scar. Skin perforation would be prevented by inner-wall staining.

근위 대퇴정을 이용한 대퇴골 전자부 골절 치료의 합병증

이기병 ( Kee Byoung Lee ),이병택 ( Byung Taek Lee ) 대한골절학회 2007 대한골절학회지 Vol.20 No.1

목 적: 최근 대퇴골 전자부 골절에서 많이 사용되고 있는 근위 대퇴정의 합병증을 분석하고그 합병증을 줄일 수 있는 방법을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 6월부터2005년 8월까지 근위 대퇴정으로 치료한 대퇴골 전자부 골절 환자 중에서 추시 관찰이 가능하였던 198예를 대상으로 합병증 발생 유무를 조사하였다. 결 과: 합병증이 총 28예(14.1%)에서 발생하였다. 지연 나사만의 돌출 1예, 지연 나사와 회전 방지 나사의 돌출이 3예, 회전 방지 나사만의 돌출이 3예이며 그 중 1예에서 대퇴 골두 골절이 발생하였다. 대퇴골 경부 골절 1예, 대퇴 골두 무혈성 괴사 1예, 수술 중피질골 골절이 1예, 수술 중drill bit 파손 1예, 섬유성 유합 2예, 과도한 후방 돌출로 인한 피부 자극이 3예, 수술 후 삽입물 주위 골절 2예, 10˚ 이상의 내반 함몰 변형이 4예, 감염이 3예, 근위 대퇴정의 파손 1예, 근위 대퇴정 제거후 내반 변형이 1예, 지속적인 대퇴부 동통이 1예 있었다. 이 중 심각한 합병증으로 전신 마취 혹은 척추 마취의 재수술이 필요한 경우는 9예 (4.5%)였다. 지연 나사나 회전 방지 나사 혹은 골절의 정복과 관련된 합병증이 19예 (9.6%)이며 이 중 17예 (89.5%)에서 골절의 비해부학적 정복 혹은 증가된 TAD (tip apex distance)의 소견을 보였다. 결 론: 근위 대퇴정을 사용할 때 합병증 발생을 줄이기 위해서 수술 중 골절의 해부학적 정복과 세심한 술기기 필요하며 지연 나사와 회전 방지 나사의 관절내 돌출과 후방 돌출을 줄이기 위한 디자인의 개선 노력이 필요할 것이다. Purpose: We analyzed the complications of femoral pertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral nail (PFN(R)) to reduce the its complications. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the complications among 198 patients who were treated with PFN(R) from June 2001 to August 2005 in our hospital. Results: The complications were presented in 28 cases (14.1%). Cut-out of lag screw was in 1 case, cut-out of lag screw and antirotation screw were in 3 cases, cut-out of antirotation screw in 3 cases, of these femoral head fracture was in 1 case. Femoral neck fracture in 1 case, Osteonecrosis of femoral head in 1 case, cortical fracture during the insertion of distal interlocking screw in 1 case, breakage of drill bit intraoperatively in 1 case, fibrous union in 2 case, thigh skin irritation due to screw back-out in 3 cases, periprosthetic fractures in 2 cases, varus collapse more than 10 degrees in 4 cases, superficial and deep infections in 3 cases, breakage of nail in 1 case, varus collapse after PFN removal in 1 case, persistent thigh pain in 1 case. Of all these cases, 9 cases (4.5%) were required reoperation with general or spinal anesthesia. Complications related with screws or fracture reduction were 19 cases (9.6%) and, of these, 17 cases (89.5%) showed increased TAD (tip apex distance) or nonanatomical reduction. Conclusion: To reduce the complications of PFN(R), we need to exact surgical technique and anatomical reduction and consider the modification of implant design to prevent of cut-out of screws.

이상근 증후군

이광석(Kwang-Suk Lee),하경환(Kyoung-Whan Ha),정웅교(Woong-Kyo Chung),이병택(Byung-Taek Lee) 대한정형외과학회 2000 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.35 No.4