한국 시경론의 비평론적 접근

이병찬(Byong-chan Lee) 어문연구학회 2004 어문연구 Vol.46 No.-

This paper examines the methods of analysis and problems of “criticism of the old testament”, “reduction criticism”, “anatomy of criticism”, “social criticism”, “reader-response criticism”, which are divided according to the nature of the materials to find out a new way to study Shikyung. The materials related to Shikyung-Ron are not exactly categorized in the way shown in this paper; however, this study apples characteristics of various methods that analyze materials to integrate different ways of adopted criticism. Shikyung-Ron internally has characteristics of social criticism and readerresponse criticism, but it externally shows haracteristics of historicalbiographical criticism with standards of their arguments. However, most studies on Shikyung-Ron take positions to support research materials or subjects of research and ignore problems that derived from the characteristics of Kyunghak-Ron seeking the absolute truth and integrating various ways of criticism. Even though the materials have significant meanings in terms of social criticism, their internal errors should be examined and criticized to study Shikyung-Ron properly. However, until recently most researchers does not point out the errors and take the same positions as ones found in the materials of previous studies. In addition, there was not enough detailed examination about the materials that belong to historical-biographical criticism, which makes it difficult to draw a ideological tendency. An approach is needed that considers methods of various criticisms to make studies of Shikyung-Ron proceed in the future. In addition, the value of materials related to Shikyung-Ron should be judged according to the characteristics of criticisms after categorizing them carefully.

현대 한,중 한자음 비교 연구

이병찬 ( Byong Chan Lee ) 근역한문학회 2007 한문학논집(漢文學論集) Vol.25 No.-

투고논문 : 현대 한,중 한자음 비교 연구 -운모를 중심으로-

이병찬 ( Byong Chan Lee ) 근역한문학회 2008 한문학논집(漢文學論集) Vol.27 No.-

본 연구는 한국 한자음의 운모를 중심으로 현대 중국 한자음의 한어병음 운모와 비교한 것이다. 연구의 효율성과 활용도를 고려하여 상용자 3500자를 대상으로 하였다. 비교 대상은 한국 한자음에 존재하는 운모 75개와 중국어의 운모 37개이며 한국 한자음을 중심으로 통계를 내어 상관성을 비교 분석하였다. 결과를 살펴보면 운모의 경우 중국의 한자음은 종성에 `n` `ng`만 남아있기 때문에 고대 한자음의 고유한 종성을 그대로 많이 유지하고 있는 한국 한자음이 특성상 더 다양한 운모를 가지고 있어 그 편차가 클 수밖에 없다. 그럼에도 불구하고 한국 한자음 운모 `야`, `염`, `왁`의 경우처럼 완벽히 각각 중국 한자음 운모 `ie(ye)`, `ian`, `uo(wo)` 하나로 표기되는 경우도 있다. 그리고 한국 한자음 `아`, `앙`이 중국 한자음 성모 `a` `ang`으로 표기되는 경우처럼 유사음 표기가 가장 많은 것이 일반적 현상이다. 따라서 표면상으로는 한국 한자음 하나의 운모가 중국 한자음에서는 다양하게 표기되지만 실질적으로 대부분은 유사음이거나 유사음에 가까운 운모이다. 게다가 한국 한자음 운모 `아`는 중국음에서는 권설음과 결합되면 설첨모음인 `i`로 표기되는 경우가 많다. 이처럼 특정 성모와 운모의 선호 현상을 고려하면 그 법칙성과 상관성은 더 높아질 것이다. 한국과 중국의 한자음이 고대에서 지금까지 상당한 변화를 겪어온 것은 사실이다. 하지만 현대 한국과 중국의 한자음을 비교하여 보면 거의 일치하는 성모와 운모도 존재할 정도로 규칙성을 유지하는 경우도 있다. 때문에 이러한 유사한 경우를 확인할 수 있는 비교 자료가 제공된다면 한국인의 중국어 학습이나 중국인의 한국어 학습에 상당한 도움이 되리라고 본다. 또한 대부분의 중국어 학습자들이 기초적인 한자의 한국 한자음을 인지하고 있다는 사실을 감안하면 본 연구의 이러한 정리는 학습의 혼란을 막고 정확한 학습에도 기여하리라고 본다. 본고는 자료의 방대함으로 인하여 연구의 편의상 먼저 성모와 운모를 분리하여 그 상관성을 정리하였다. 하지만 앞으로 성모와 운모의 선호 현상 등을 고려하여 종합적인 고찰과 세밀한 분석을 한다면 한·중 언어의 상관성을 이해하는 더 좋은 자료가 될 것이다. This paper aims to clarify between the vowel of Modern Chinese`s letter`s sound and the vowel of Korean Chinese`s sound. Its object is 3500 letters of Chinese with considering the effectiveness of this research and the inflected rate. Comparing objects are vowel 75 letters of Chinese letters in Korean and Vowel 37 letters of Chinese. Also this research has analysed by the statistics of Korean Chinese sound. Following the result, in case of vowels, it maintained the original final sound of ancient Chinese sound`s which is one of the characteristics of Korean Chinese sound. And its difference gap is big due to above characteristic. The target of this research is to confirm the relation of general vowels without coherence of special consonants. The result has come from comparing vowels only. Especially, in above case, its deviation should be big because of remaining final sound `n` and `ng` in Chinese. But the vowel `야`, `염`, `왁` in Koran Chinese sound marked perfectly as `ie(ye)`, `ian`, `uo(wo)` in the vowel of Chinese sound. And marking similar sound such as `아`, `앙` in Korean Chinese letters to `a`, `ang` in Chinese letters is general phenomenon. Therefore, on a diagram, one vowel marks several vowels, but most of vowels are similar sounds or the vowels of close to the similar sound. Moreover, when Korean Chinese sound `아` coherence with retroflex, `아` changed to apical vowel `i`. Considering prior phenomenon of the special consonants and vowels, the principle and the relation are getting higher. It is true that the Chinese letters` sound between Korea and China has been changed until now. However, there are various resemblances comparing the Chinese sound between Korean and Chinese. Also, The principle which exist almost same consonant and vowel is maintaining now, thus its study would be helpful to Korean Chinese students and Chinese Korean students in both. In case of vowel, its relation rate is not high by comparing the consonants, but it is difficult to deny its relation rate. Considering most of Korean Chinese students recognize basic Chinese letters`s Korean Chinese letters` sound, this research would be helpful to them to protect the confusion of Chinese sound study and correct study. This paper is summarized the relation by distinguishing the consonants and vowels at first for convenience of the study due to huge data. But its result would be the good data to understand the relation of Korean and Chinese language, if total inspection and specific analysing has done with considering prior phenomenon of the consonants and vowels. At last, this research`s target is to guarantee study data by statistics. Thus it is clarified that marking characteristics of pronunciation both of Korean and Chinese and the gap of practical pronunciation are not considered.

詩言志'의 過程詩學的 硏究

이병찬(Byong-chan, Lee) 어문연구학회 2010 어문연구 Vol.66 No.-

The departure of literary criticism should come from a universal objectivity as a mortgage. That's because criticism of a lack of objectivity does not permanent. However, literary criticism are happened to be often explained in terms of viewpoint ignoring this objectivity. This article introduces the concept of process philosophy which claims partially objective truth. In case of 'Shi-Un-Ji(Poem Means Launguage)'is the same. Through combining the meaning of Ji(knowing) and other concepts, it deepens the literary criticism. This process is rightly Hap-Seng(concrescence) of process philosophy. Ji of 'Shi-Un-Ji' becomes concrescence with particular factors such as Do(reason), Sung-Jung(temper and heart), and Gi(energy) which are mainly uttered in literature essence theory and like in case of Gyemik Jeon or Sukwang Lee, its middle step is omitted and Ji and Shin(soul), Ji and Gyoung(status) are happened to directly become concrescence. Additionally like in case of Yeob-Sub(harmonized leaves), there was a succeeding case for theory to be elaborated as the extended meaning through concrescence that fussed with Li(logic) and Jung(affection) being seemingly contrasted. Different concrescence is achieved also among experiencing subjects with the same objective conditions according to each subjective interest, because objective factor matching with focus consciously is different. But this process of concrescence is difficult to see that deducts a successfully complete theory and the limit is definitely present. It proves above that the case of the later works with highly developed literary theory beyond Shi-Gyoung(Chinese great poem book) and Dang-Shi(Chinese dang dynasty poem) is rare. As Whitehead pointed out, that is because a result of knowledge that we have achieved is always partial so that there is a possibility to correct and open. However, regardless of whether the result is succeeded or not, the methodology of this process philosophy as the process of concrescence to understand literary theory has a significant meaning. Because of various criticisms of the other partial element to reflect around the world, as proving the claims that could be objective and be different, it can be used actively to recognize each criticism having a positive value. In this study, the process of philosophical methodology attempted as a new analysis of understanding literary criticism would be utilized in the reevaluation and the analysis of plenty of theories.

백봉래의 서경론 연구 - 편집비평적 성격을 중심으로

이병찬(Byong-Chan Lee) 어문연구학회 2008 어문연구 Vol.56 No.-

  This work is to investigate Seokyoung theory of Bong-rae Baek. Redaction criticism is way of analyzing that was applied in a diatessaron. Important assumption in here is recognition that diatessaron writers were creative theologians not simple traditional transcribers or collectors<BR>  First of all, it is natural and inevitable to ask his intent and theology as well as how he has edited the story that has been passed long time ago if it is recognized that final writers are not simple traditional messengers but in fact authors.<BR>  Among inside this relativity, redaction criticism affected general literature criticism and especially, influencing power of general literature criticism in theological research affected redaction criticism research proceeded in America.<BR>  This criticism methodology applied in bible is very useful to understand Seokyoung theory of Bong-rae Baek. Bong-rae Baek develops discussion seeing three classics that is contemporary cultural contribution as unique Confucius. It is shown that Confucius is a sage not a simple traditional messenger so that he maximized meaning of Confucius classics through systematic summary.<BR>  This point of view can be common opinion in the generation even though there is some controversial things in current generation. The reason why Bong-rae Baek"s Confucianism theory is noticed is because he had pursued consistency with three classics" common property and system differently from other people. General Seokyoung researchers had had interests in truth of historical record and the false letter problem or political ideology. Accordingly, previous Seokyoung theory research has been offering meaning on problem of reception with historical research and Song"s classics regarding the false letter controversy and occurrence of political ideology.<BR>  Other than that, Bong-rae Baek"s discussion method is excluded from historical research thoroughly, it happens based on Great entire edition three classics. If it is shown as classification of Song"s classics and Chinese classics, it rests with successful result of Song classics. Bong-rae Baek had come up with the meaning by paying attention to common element kept in correlativity and the system under confidence that Confucius stated praising three classics on the background of the successful result<BR>  This Bong-rae Baek"s successful result is significant successful result or a farfetched view in Confucianism"s point of view that pursues truth. In the viewpoint of rationality pursuit of general research methodology, Seokyoung theory of Bong-rae Baek has a lot of problems. However, in the viewpoint of redaction criticism. It can be assessed differently.<BR>  His logic discussion method noticing transcribers" intent, inspire property of new lives in entire three classics. Without regard to who is a transcriber, three classics" system can be interpreted like Bong-rae Baek"s opinion.<BR>  Therefore, the value can be inspired in the point of finding new meaning.<BR>  Research of the study of Confucian classics or Confucianism theory has original limit. In the side of pursuing truth, if immerging in stated data, it is easy to be disappointed or assisted in viewpoint of research objects<BR>  Ancient confucian research was processed in more limited condition than nowadays. It drew rationality through conditional selection in the case of correlated data. Accordingly, Confucian new opinion should be received in the side of inspiring nature of life in interpretation. Seokyoung theory of Bong-rae Baek data can also somewhat valuable data in this point.

艮齋 田愚의 시 연구

이병찬(Byong-chan Lee) 어문연구학회 2007 어문연구 Vol.54 No.-

This is about Jeon, Woo whose nick name is Ganjae. He has been considered as a great Confucian scholar and a poet as well. Especially, I am trying to show him and his view on the world in his poetry. There are two reasons why his poetic world has not been known well. First, researchers did not care much about him, because of Jeon, Woo"s attitude to the world in historical disorder. Second, there is little poetry in a collection. In fact, his works are over 500 including the collection, Gusanseonsaengpoonga. Gusanseonsaengpoonga was collected by Youngseon Yoo, the fellow of Jeon, after Jeon"s death. 500 pieces of poetry are never small. Moreover, these are the only part of his whole works. For this fact, we can easily tell Jeon, Woo has a good talent as a poet. Looking back his lifetime, he did not fear death and had any hope about honor of a day. Jeon, Woo in difficult times of his nation was a just retired gentleman. But he was a man of reputation in Confucianism and should bear a too heavy burden of the nation for him. Jeon struggled to share great illumination in the order of nature and enlightenment. In addition, he let the people know his situation by showing the self-cleansing action and recognition on reality. And he wanted to be understood by doing this. Even if Jeon did not ever directly express his view points on literature, he steadily acted up to Moonyljaedo(文以載道; Write truth in one"s book). On the contrary, he was blamed in his attitudes toward the world. Still, Jeon"s poetry let us know that Jeon did not flatter the trend of times and want a vain fame. His works have his own life ways. These are proved through his works of which themes are mostly patriotism. Considering this, the fact that Jeon"s poetry are not dealt with patriotic ones, is very shameful. I really hope this thesis would be a great support in the study of Korean ancient poem.

투고논문 : 교육용 기초한자 중 형성자의 음가 변화 연구

이병찬 ( Byong Chan Lee ) 한국한문교육학회 2006 한문교육논집 Vol.27 No.-

빅데이터 분석 방법을 활용한 한시 영향관계 분석을 위한 시론

이병찬(Lee Byong-chan) 어문연구학회 2017 어문연구 Vol.94 No.-

현재 한시연구는 작품의 자구 하나는 물론 그 사이 행간의 의미까지 세밀하게 해석하는 방식으로 이루어지고 있다. 이는 많은 시간을 요하며 따라서 한정된 작품에 국한하여 연구를 진행할 수밖에 없다. 작가 개인에 대한 연구는 동시대 혹은 전후시대의 문학들과 연관성이 함께 언급될 때 더욱 의미와 가치를 지닌다. 즉 타자와의 영향이나 차별성이 문학사적 의의를 고구하는 중요한 가치척도이다. 그러므로 연구범주를 설정함에, 특정 몇몇을 대상으로 하는 것보다 비교군이 많을수록 그 성과가 의미를 가진다. 이 때문에 연구는 방대한 자료 분석을 기반으로 이루어져야 한다. 그러나 이는 한 개인의 역량으로 불가능한 일이다. 방대한 자료를 분석하는 연구방법의 미비로 인하여, 연구가 다수의 인물이나 작품을 함께 포괄하는 전반적이고 체계적인 분석에 이르지 못하고 있다. 따라서 연구가 결국 연구자 의 연구목적에 의해 미리 한정한 문헌들만을 대상으로 이루어질 수밖에 없는 실정이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법이 바로 빅데이터 분석이다. 많은 문헌의 처리와 분석이 가능한 빅데이터 분석 방법을 도입한다면 이전에는 시도하지 못했던 개인들의 어휘사용 특성이나 패턴은 물론, 문집들의 상관성과 상호간의 거리, 혹은 고문진보(古文眞 寶)나 두시(杜詩)와의 비교 분석을 통하여 중국 시인들이 우리나라 문인들에게 준 영향의 심도에 대한 수치적 계량화나 구체적 실상에 대한 분석도 가능하다. 그러나 현시점에서 우리가 한문학 자료의 빅데이터 분석을 통하여 얻을 수 있는 결과는 제한적일 수밖에 없다. 한국고전종합DB라는 자료가 확보되어 있으며, 빅데이터 분석 기술 이 발전하고 여러 방면에 응용되고 있지만 실제로 분석 기술을 사용하는데 많은 어려움이 있다. 왜냐하면 빅데이터 분석은 대상 데이터의 가공 여부, 분석의 도구로 사용되는 기초 자료의 확충과 정리, 분석 전문가인 프로그래머와 결과를 활용하고자 하는 한문학 전공자의 정확한 소통과 같은 전제 조건이 충족되지 않는다면 원하는 결과를 얻을 수 없기 때문이다. 본 연구는 이와 같이 제한된 조건임에도 조선 중기의 한시 중 일부를 대상으로 텍스트와 주제어 유사성 분석을 시도하였다. 그리고 수치화하여 도출한 결과가 기존 방식으로 나온 연구 결과, 혹은 일반적인 추론과 어긋나지 않음을 확인하여 빅데이터 분석의 유효 성을 입증하였다. 앞으로 본 연구에서 제시한 그 한계와 문제점을 개선하여 빅데이터 분석을 기반으로 한 연구가 활성화되기를 기대한다. A study on artist individual has more meaning and value when mentioned with the relations with literatures of same period or the post-war period. In other words, differentiation from others is an important measure of value investigating the meaning of literature history. Therefore, the range of research is not a few particular objects and as comparison is more, the outcomes are significant. Therefore, the study must be conducted based on the analysis on massive materials. But, it s impossible with individual capabilities. Because of the insufficient research method to analyze massive materials, the study cannot approach general and systematic analysis including many persons or works together. Therefore, the study cannot help being organized by research purpose of researcher and conducted for only limited literatures. The method to solve the problem is rightly big data analysis. If introducing big data analysis that can treat and analyze lots of literatures, it s possible to measure influence of Chinese poets on our scholars numerically and analyze concrete realities through characteristics or patterns of individual vocabularies that were not tried before, correlations and mutual distance of literature collections, and comparative analysis of gomunjinbo (古文眞寶) or two poems. However, the results of big data analysis of Chinese literature data are restricted at present. Data of Korean classics DB is secured and mention about the possibility of big data analyzing technology is increased. It is tried from several angles, but there are difficulties in using analyzing technology actually. Big data analysis cannot provide desired results if preconditions such as process of objective data, securing and arrangement of basic data used as a tool of analysis, persons majoring in Chinese literature who intend to utilize the results with analytic specialist, programmer, and accurate communication and so on are not satisfied. This research digitized and drew the results through analysis on texts, topic words and similarities for Chinese poems of the middle stage of Joseon in spite of restricted conditions. Therefore, it was confirmed to be same as research results or general inference brought by existing methods. It means that methodological validity utilizing big data analysis to following researches was secured. In the future, the restrictions and problems of this research should be improved and researches based on big data analysis should be vitalized.

白鳳來 詩經論의 編輯批評的 性格 硏究

이병찬(Lee Byong-chan) 어문연구학회 2005 어문연구 Vol.48 No.-

In terms of the history of the criticsm on Shikyung-ron, questions on the styles of Shikyung have not been solved. In order for the problem to be solved, intentions of Gongja known as an editor of shikyung need to be revealed. 『Samkyugtongui(三經通義)』that this paper investigated revealed Gonja's editorial intentions and any nobooks have revealed the styles of Shikyung in a more detailed way than this book. The arguments departed from the assumption that Gonja organized Jooyeok, Suhkyung, and Shikyng. Therefore, Baek Bong Rae claimed that Jooyeok, Suhkyung, and Shikyng had similarities in terms of the styles. A reason that he made such a claim is that he studied with Samkyung including explanations based on Joojahak. Therefore, it is hard to find creativity in the issues that had been questioned until then for they adopted views found in Joojahak as they are. However, he deserves high credit for finding and organizing the similarities of the styles that Samkyung had, which old scholars had not been able to reveal. Shikyung has double structures. Various works found in Shikyung were written by many different people, so they have different structures. But as Shikyung was put together in one anthology, another structure was formed in addition to the existing structures. That is, it can be said that 'a style', a structure between poems, was formed. If a style is a simple enumeration of poems, it cannot be meaningful, but the style of Shikyung doesn't appear to be simple and contain a certain meaning. Baek Bong Rae did reveal the meaning that the style of Shikyung contains and said that it is the very intention that Gongja organized Shikyung. His argument may be against other existing theories, but it could be rational when it is viewed in his theory itself. The style and editorial intention of Shikyung that『Samkyugtongui』deals with may not agree with Gongja's intention. In spite of it, his creative views can be valued as a part of a variety of interpretations of Shikyunng. Studies on critiques of Shikyung should not seek one truth about meanings of Shikyung. That is because the literary values of Shiykung comes from the fact that Shikyng can be interpreted in many different ways.

노인층 환자에서의 외과적 급성 복증

이병찬(Byung Chan Lee),김남규(Nam Kyu Kim),지훈상(Hoon Sang Chi),김병로(Byong Ro Kim),민진식(Jin Sik Min) 대한외과학회 1991 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.41 No.6