학령전기 아동의 일상생활활동에 기반한 감각조절기능 평가항목 개발

이미지,유은영,정민예,박혜연,이재신,이지연,이미지 대한작업치료학회 2019 대한작업치료학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop evaluation items used to measure the sensory modulationfunction based activities of daily living for preschoolers. Methods: The first step was to select the area of daily activity and collect data for the development ofpreliminary items. The second step was to select the question items through expert verification, in which atotal of 21 occupational therapists with experience in pediatric setting were selected. A Delphi survey wascarried out three times. A final survey was used as a check of the level of parental understanding regardingthe contents of the preliminary items and compositions. Results: The results of the data collection and Delphi survey showed seven areas of development for dailyactivities (sleeping and waking up, wearing clothes, eating, using the bathroom, washing, dressing up, andmoving) and 105 preliminary question items. Finally, the average content validity ratio of the Delphi surveyresults was .89; the stability, 0.13; and the consensus, 0.81, which are regarded as high scores. Conclusion: This study verified the content validity of the evaluation items for the sensory modulation problemsof preschoolers based on their activities of daily living. In the future, it is expected that the usefulness of theevaluation items will be confirmed. They will then be used as an evaluation tool in a clinical setting. 목적 : 본 연구는 학령전기 아동의 일상생활활동에 기반한 감각조절기능을 측정할 수 있는 평가항목을 개발하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 문헌고찰을 기반으로 학령전기 아동의 일상생활영역을 선정하고 항목 개발을 위한 자료를 수집하였다. 이후 아동작업치료 5년 이상 경력의 전문가 패널 21명을 대상으로 총 3회의 델파이 조사를 실시하였다. 전문가 패널에게 각 평가항목의 적절성 여부를 평정하게 한 후 학령전기 아동의 보호자를 대상으로 평가항목의 내용과 평가지 구성에 대한 이해도 조사를 실시하였다. 결과 : 자료 수집과 델파이 조사를 통해 학령전기 아동의 일상생활영역은 7개로 구성하였고(잠자기 및 일어나기, 옷 입기, 식사하기, 화장실 사용, 씻기, 단장하기, 이동하기) 총 105개 항목이 도출되었다. 최종적으로 델파이 조사의 평균 내용타당도 비율은 0.89, 안정도 0.13, 합의도 0.81로 높게 분석되었다. 결론 : 학령 전 아동의 일상생활영역에서의 감각조절문제를 측정할 수 있는 평가항목을 개발하고 내용타당도를 검증하였다. 향후에는 각 평가항목에 대한 타당도 검증을 실시하여 평가도구로의 유용성을 확인하고 임상에서 활용되기를 기대한다.

Attitudes of Elementary School Teachers Toward Elementary Teachers with Disabilities Using Q-methodology : 일반 초등교사가 인식한 장애인 초등교사의 이미지: Q-방법론을 활용하여

김라경(Rah-Kyung Kim),이정은(Chung-eun Lee),이미지(Mi-Ji Lee) 한국직업재활학회 2020 職業再活硏究 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 일반교사가 생각하는 장애인 초등교사에 대한 능력, 역할, 교사 자질에 대한 인식과 이미지를 탐구한 연구로써 장애인 초등교사 고용에 대한 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 주관성 연구방법인 Q-방법론을 사용하여 일반초등교사들이 인식하고 있는 장애인 초등교사의 이미지 유형 및 유형별 특성을 알아보았다. 일반교사 5명을 대상으로 반구조화 면담을 실시하고, 초등교사의 역할과 자질과 관련된 선행연구를 분석하여 일차적으로 약 300개의 Q-모집단을 추출하였다. 특수교육을 전공한 교수 3인에게 모집단의 적절성과 내용 타당도를 확인하여 최종적으로 40개의 Q-표본을 선정하였다. 선정된 40개의 Q-표본 진술문은 총 30명의 일반교사에 의해 분류되었다. 일반초등교사가 지각하는 장애인교사의 이미지에 대한 유형을 분석한 결과 4가지 유형으로 분류되었다. 제 1유형은 ‘학생을 위해 헌신적이나 제한된 교육자원을 가짐’, 제 2유형은 ‘스스로 전문성 개발을 추구하나 행정업무의 한계가 있음’, 제 3유형은 ‘교실을 안전하게 유지하려고 하나 다양한 학생 관계에 어려움을 겪음’, 4유형은 ‘다문화·세계문화 감수성을 함양하나 학부모 관계에서 미흡함’으로 명명되었다. 네 가지 유형의 가장 긍정적 진술문과 부정문을 중심으로 하여 각 유형의 특성을 설명하고, 마지막으로 질적 자료를 보강하기 위해 각각의 유형을 대표하는 4명의 일반초등교사에게 추가 인터뷰를 요구하였다. 이를 통해 선행연구와 비교하여 장애인 초등교사 고용증진을 위한 제언 및 어려움을 극복하기 위한 대한 제도적 방안을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the image of the ability, roles, qualities, and expectation of elementary teachers with disabilities by general education teachers in South Korea. Around 300 Q-samples were extracted by analyzing previous research about elementary education teachers and by conducting semi-structured interviews of five general education teachers. Final 40 Q-classifications were selected and administered to 30 general elementary education teachers. The types of images of teachers with disabilities by general education teachers were classified into four different types of belief system; (a) showing commitment to students but shortage of educational resources, (b) pursuing professional development but a lack of classroom management, (c) keeping safe learning environment but limited communication with diverse students, and (d) cultivating muticultural and global interests but limited relationships with parents. The characteristics of each type were explained focusing on the most positive and negative statements of the four types and In order to reinforce the qualitative data representative of each type, additional interviews were requested from four general teachers representing each of the four types. Compared to previous studies implications for employment issues for hiring elementary teachers with disabilities were suggested.

Hypercoagulability and Mortality of Patients with Stroke and Active Cancer: The OASIS-CANCER Study

이미지,정종원,안명주,김선우,석진명,장혜민,김경문,정진상,이광호,방오영 대한뇌졸중학회 2017 Journal of stroke Vol.19 No.1

Background and Purpose Patients with active cancer are at an increased risk for stroke. Hypercoagulability plays an important role in cancer-related stroke. We aimed to test whether 1) hypercoagulability is a predictor of survival, and 2) correction of the hypercoagulable state leads to better survival in patients with stroke and active cancer. Methods We recruited consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke and active systemic cancer between January 2006 and July 2015. Hypercoagulability was assessed using plasma D-dimer levels before and after 7 days of anticoagulation treatment. The study outcomes included overall and 1-year survival. Plasma D-dimer levels before and after treatment were tested in univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. We controlled for systemic metastasis, stroke mechanism, age, stroke severity, primary cancer type, histology, and atrial fibrillation using the forward stepwise method. Results A total of 268 patients were included in the analysis. Patients with high (3rd–4th quartiles) pre-treatment plasma D-dimer levels showed decreased overall and 1-year survival (adjusted HR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.46–3.31] and 2.70 [1.68–4.35], respectively). After anticoagulation treatment, post-treatment D-dimer level was significantly reduced and independently associated with poor 1-year survival (adjusted HR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01–1.05] per 1 μg/mL increase, P=0.015). The successful correction of hypercoagulability was a protective factor for 1-year survival (adjusted HR 0.26 [CI 0.10–0.68], P=0.006). Conclusions Hypercoagulability is associated with poor survival after stroke in patients with active cancer. Effective correction of hypercoagulability may play a protective role for survival in these patients

고려 전기 異國人 入境의 유형과 실상-來獻‧來朝‧來投‧來附를 중심으로-

이미지 한국중세사학회 2015 한국중세사연구 Vol.0 No.43

Not a few foreigners, even in the founding stage of the Goryeo dynasty, had come and gone the border of the Goryeo through both the land route and the sea route for various purposes. This article examined four major migration cases of the foreigners in the earlier half of the Goryeo-來獻[Nae'hon], 來朝[Nae'jo], 來投[Nae'tu], 來附/內附[Nae'bu]-and the practical consequences following each action of migration. 來獻, as the meaning of the word, “to come to present gifts”, was the most convenient and easy visit for foreigners to acquire a permission from the Goryeo central court. 來朝, which means “to come to be presented to the king”, was also a visit that carried a clear goal promising a short stay. These two visits could be categorized under a short-term migration. The major difference between them could be found in the following action taken after entering the border. The first case focuses on the action of presenting the local specialties;on the other hand the second case focuses on the object whom the migrator(s) would be presented to inside the Goryeo. Visitors of the first and the second case were provided basic lodging by the Goryeo authority. Especially after eleventh century the Goryeo court produced many records on the new rules on foreign visitors;for example, regulations on the number of the foreign visitors who could stay inside the border at the same time, the length of stay, procedures of an entry permission, etc. The third category of migration was 來附/內附, which means “to come to be a resident”. The migrators who enounce this case actually wanted to be a semi-permanent resident under Goryeo regime. Thus, as long as the migrators qualify for the certain criteria which Goryeo court requests, they were to be registered in the official Goryeo document and, in principle, were obliged to observe the Goryeo law. In many cases, the migrators applied for the third category as a group;even a whole village or a whole community represented by their leader asked to be residents, so that the third category migrations were not always accompanied by an actual relocation from outside of Goryeo. Rather, this 來附 case practically led to an expansion of the Goryeo dynasty in terms of territory although the Goryeo court seemed not to be so enthusiastic in this aspect. The following procedures of the fourth category, 來投, literally translates “to come and become subjected”, falls in to two groups. Some migrators of this case were provided basic resettlement support such as housing and/or farming land inside the Goryeo territory. However, in sufficient cases, only the action of 來投 migration were documented accompanying no further administrative procedure. Some migrators who once 來投 migrated could even reenter the Goryeo border under the category of 來朝 or 來獻.

고려시대 ‘아무개 하(下) 무반직’ 구문의 의미와 영(領) 운영

이미지 한국사연구회 2022 한국사연구 Vol.- No.198

무반 묘지명에 간혹 관찰되는 ‘아무개下무반직’은 정인경의 정안에 나타나는 인사발령 기록을 볼 때 ‘OO위 OO령 장군 아무개 下 무반직’의 축약형이라 생각된다. 이는 장군 아무개가 이끄는 領 내에 소속된 중랑장 이하 무반직의 소속을 표현하는 기본 구문이자 인사 발령 시 피발령자의 소속을 명기하는 필수 구문이었다. 군인의 경우에도 같은 방식으로 소속을 구분하였으리라 생각된다. 고려시대 병제에서 영은 병력을 운용하는 기본 단위이기도 했지만, 인사 행정 역시 영을 기본 단위로 하여 운영되었다. 이는 무반 인원의 소속이 ‘장군 아무개 下’로 표현되었고 무반직의 인사이동이 장군 명의의 영 간에 시행되었던 점, 장군에게 배속된 영을 해당 장군의 本領이라 지칭했던 점 등에서 확인된다. 이렇게 볼 때 고려시대 장군의 직위는 병력과 무반 조직을 아울러 통제하고 운영하였던, 무반의 실질적인 관리자였다고 볼 수 있다. 아울러 이와 같은 무반 조직의 기본 구성이 고려 전기로부터 후기까지 지속적으로 유지∙활용되었음을 일본 다이고지 호온인에 소장된 정동행중서성 문서 등에서 확인하였다. 더 나아가 무반의 소속을 표현하는 ‘아무개下무반직’ 구문은 무반 조직 내에서 뿐 아니라 고려 관인 조직 전체에 통용되던 구문이었으리라는 점을 『이재난고』 신축일력에 전사된 김운보 녹패를 통해 추정해 보았다.

태국 내 일본 대중문화: 현주소와 시사점

이미지 한국태국학회 2017 한국태국학회논총 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study is to review the current introduction and consumption of Japanese Popular Culture in Thailand, where Japan is considered the most influential country in Southeast Asia. In the late 1980s, Japanese Popular Culture was introduced considerably into Thailand and began based on the close economic relationship between the countries, however since the mid-2000s, incoming culture has tended to be slightly reduced. This study will identify the background of the factors in both Thailand and Japan, and what the effects are. The early introduction of Japanese Popular Culture into Thailand was not a Japanese strategy but needs of Thailand itself. Thailand was active and voluntary in acceptance process. Despite the great popularity of Japanese Popular Culture in Thailand, Japan has passively exported its culture to East-Asia until recently and that created obstructive factors when Thailand attempted to purchase Japanese cultural goods. The main obstacle of importing Japanese Popular Culture into Thailand was the perception difference of the copyrights laws and illegal distribution. In regards to this situation, Korea is only engrossed in profit of copyrighting than need to deal with the regional condition as Thailand and Southeast Asia.

장애인댄스스포츠 선수들의 경기 참여에 따른 경쟁상태불안과 특성불안

이미지,정연택,최연재 한국특수체육학회 2017 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.25 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in competitive anxiety and trait anxiety among dance sports players with disabilities. Participants of the study participated in the 36th national athletic competition for the disabled. 122 questionnaires. Survey tool is Using the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2), Martens et al. (1990) use the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Statistical analysis was cared on through SPSS 23.0K statistics program. All significance levels .05. Conduct frequency analysis of research participants, Analysis of the form factor and the reliability (Cronbachś α) analysis conducted. T-test (Independent) and one-way ANOVA Perform Correlation Analysis. The main results of this study are as followings. First, there were no significant differences in race anxiety and trait anxiety according to gender, age, skill level, and participation experience of disabled dancers. Second, cognitive state anxiety, physical state anxiety, and trait anxiety were significantly different according to disability type and disability level of disabled athletes. Third, physical state anxiety and cognitive state unstable correlation, state self - confidence and cognitive state anxiety, physical state anxiety negative correlation, trait anxiety and cognitive state anxiety, physical state instability, trait anxiety, Respectively 이 연구는 장애인댄스스포츠 선수들의 경쟁상태불안과 특성불안 차이가 있는지 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 참여자는 2016년 대한장애인댄스스포츠연맹에 등록 선수 중 제36회 전국장애인체육대회 참가한 선수 전체 122명을 선정하였다. 조사도구는 경쟁상태불안(CSAI-2: Competitive State Anxiety Inventory) 검사지와 Martens 등(1990) 특성불안(Sport Competition Anxiety Test: SCAT) 검사지를 사용하였다. 자료처리는 통계프로그램 SPSS 23.0K Ver.을 사용하였으며, 모든 통계적 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다. 연구 참여자의 일반적 특성을 파악하기 위해 빈도분석을 실시하였으며 설문지의 신뢰도(Cronbachś α)분석, t-test(Independent)와 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA)을 실시하였으며 또한 경쟁상태불안의 하위요인과 특성불안의 하위요인 간의 상관관계분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 장애인댄스스포츠 선수들의 성별, 연령, 기술수준, 참가경력에 따른 경쟁상태불안과 특성불안에서 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 장애인댄스스포츠 선수들의 장애유형과 장애등급에 따른 인지적 상태불안, 신체적 상태불안, 특성불안 유의한 차이 나타났다. 셋째, 신체적 상태불안과 인지적 상태불안 정적상관관계, 상태자신감과 인지적 상태불안, 신체적 상태불안 부적상관관계, 특성불안과 인지적 상태불안, 신체적 상태불안 정적상관, 특성불안과 상태자신감 부적상관으로 나타났다.

소아청소년 골육종 환자의 치료성적과 예후인자: 단일기관 성적

이미지,최하영,장해인,정성택,최유덕,허숙희,백희조,국훈 대한소아혈액종양학회 2014 Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Vol.21 No.2

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate survival and the prognostic factors in children and adolescent osteosarcoma. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with osteosarcoma diagnosed at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital between Apr. 2004 and Feb. 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Fourteen patients were males and the median age at diagnosis was 13.0 years. The most common tumor site was distal femur and 5 patients had metastasis at diagnosis. All patient but one who underwent definitive surgery at diagnosis received preoperative chemotherapy. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) rate for all patients were 65.7±10.2% and 55.6±11.0%, respectively. Ten patients (37.0%) experienced relapse or progression of the disease. Among them, 3 patients are alive without any evidence of disease at the time of this writing. Seven among 8 dead patients died of relapse/progression of the disease. The 5-year EFS rate was significantly higher for patients with tumor volume <100 cm3 (n=14) at diagnosis than others (n=10) (70.7±14.6% vs. 37.5±16.1%, P=.031). Age, histologic type, metastasis at diagnosis and histologic response to preoperative chemotherapy did not have a significant effect on OS and EFS. Conclusion: Although chemotherapy has improved outcomes of osteosarcoma, relapse or progression is the most common cause of treatment failure. A higher tumor volume at diagnosis was identified as a poor prognostic factor. Future studies incorporating a larger number of patients are required to further delineate the prognostic factors in osteosearcoma. pISSN 2233-5250 / eISSN 2233-4580http://dx.doi.org/10.15264/cpho.2014.21.2. Clin Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014;21:∼113 Received on July 25, 2014Revised on August 7, 2014Accepted on September 5, 2014Corresponding Author: Hee Jo BaekDepartment of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun 519-763, KoreaTel: +82-61-379-7695Fax: +82-61-379-7697E-mail: swan93@lycos.co.krKey Words: Osteosarcoma, Tumor volume, Prognostic factor

『三韓紀畧』 소재 高麗 관련 기록과 伊藤東涯의 고려시대사 인식

이미지 한국사학회 2018 史學硏究 Vol.0 No.129

Ito Togai compares the history of Choseon with his own country, Japan, in the prologue of his Sankankiiryaku. He describes that Choseon enlarged its territory after successful unification of Shilla and achieved a powerful state through Goryeo dynasty; on the other hand he viewed that Japanese people had to have gone through hard times due to the fall of ruling system and incompetent rulers. Togai collected information on Goryeo from reading diverse accounts on Choseon such as Yongjae-chonghwa (慵齋叢話, Collective Stories Complied by Yongje (Seong Hyeon(成俔)), Gosachalyo (攷事撮要, Guide to Miscellaneous Facts), but the main source was Dongguktonggam (東國通鑑, Comprehensive Mirror of Choseon History). He compiled the history of Goryeo with much discretion. He hardly voiced up even when he stands on the different side with the Choseon monographs on Goryeo history. That made his opinions very valuable, which we could find in the accounts on Wokou (倭寇) and Jeong Mong-ju. Interestingly the Mongol Invasion, often designated as 'Genkō' (元寇), was not mentioned in his book. It seems that Togai did not link the Mongol invasion with Goryeo. One could not simply conclude on how Togai understood the incident and why he remained silent; that remains another assignment to pursue. Comprehensive analysis on the various versions of hand-copied manuscripts of Sankankiryaku which reserved in Korea an Japan is also an urgent task. 伊藤東涯는 일본 에도시대 중기의 유학자로, 조선의 여러 문헌들을 탐독하며 한국 역사를 정리하여 『三韓紀畧』이라는 책을 저술하였다. 그는 서문에서 조선의 역사적 흥망성쇠를 자국과 비교하여 다음과 같이 언급하였다. 조선은 신라의 통합 이후 고려-조선으로 이어지면서 한반도의 강역이 하나가 되고 세력이 점점 강대해졌으나 중국의 金-元-明에 해당하는 시기에 일본은 국왕 통치가 바로서지 못하였고 백성들도 어려운 시기를 겪었다고 정리하였다. 이러한 서술에 따르면 토가이는 조선의 역사상 고려 왕조 시기를 상대적으로 평화롭고 문물이 성했던 시기로 파악하였다고 하겠다. 伊藤東涯가 고려 왕조에 대한 정보를 얻은 주요 수단은 기본적으로 『동국통감』이었다. 그러나 이외에도 다양한 조선의 전적을 통해 정보를 입수하여 고려왕조에 대한 자신만의 지식 체계를 정리하여 갔다. 전체적으로 고려 왕조의 역사를 정리하는 토가이의 태도는 매우 신중하였다. 토가이는 조선측 사서의 입장과 견해를 달리하는 부분에서도 함부로 자신의 목소리를 드러내지 않았다. 이에 비해 왜구와 정몽주 등에 관련된 부분에서 상대적으로 적극적인 자세로 자신의 견해를 드러낸 것은 특징적이다. 한편, 『삼한기략』에서 고려 왕조의 역사와 관련하여 일본에서 흔히 ‘蒙寇’ 또는 ‘元寇’라고 표현되는 13세기 몽고의 원정에 대한 언급은 찾아볼 수 없었다. 몽고의 일본 원정에 고려가 작지 않은 역할을 담당했으며, 이 사건이 일본에 미친 영향도 상당히 컸음에도 불구하고 토가이가 이를 언급하지 않은 점에 대해서는 일본의 역사 인식의 측면에서 조명해 보아야 할 것이라 생각된다. 아울러 자필본 『삼한기략』 고려 관련 기사에서 발견되는 크고 작은 오류와 관련하여, 필자가 참여하였던 『삼한기략』 연구팀에서는 판본 실사를 통해 오류가 수정되는 과정을 확인할 수 있었다. 차후 보다 세밀한 『삼한기략』 판본 조사 작업과 함께 和刻本 『동국통감』과의 대조 작업이 이루어진다면 『삼한기략』 및 그에 나타난 일본 근세 지식인 계층의 고려왕조사 인식에 대한 분석이 좀 더 깊어지리라 생각된다.

Irbesartan과 Lacidipine의 병용요법이 혈압강하와 심혈관보호 및 혈당조절에 미치는 효과

이미지,장근우,이도형,박현수,정상혁,한주희,명창선 忠南大學校 醫藥品開發硏究所 2019 藥學論文集 Vol.34 No.-

High blood pressure is a crucial risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can cause various complications in end organs such as heart and kidney. Thiazide diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) have been used for lowering blood pressure. Since most of hypertension can not be managed by one type of drug, the combination of two different drugs is used to treat hypertension. This study was designed to examine the combined effect of two drugs, irbesartan (ARB) and lacidipine (CCB), for lowering blood pressure, protecting cardiovascular injury and controlling blood glucose levels. Irbesartan (28.74 and 7.18 mg/kg) and lacidipine (0.38 and 0.1 mg/kg) were administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and C57BL/6 mice. A two-week combined treatment of irbesartan with lacidipine decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared to monotherapy. However, the combination therapy did not protect myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R) injury and cuff-induced neointima formation. In the metabolic experiments, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were not improved by combined treatment. Thus, this study suggested that the combination of irbesartan with lacidipine has a little combined effect for lowering blood pressure without any beneficial effect for improving cardiovascular injury or hyperglycemic condition.