일측 전정기관 손상 흰쥐에서 동측의 내측 전정신경핵 활동성에 대한 전정기관의 전기자극 효과

이문영,김민선,박병림,Lee Moon-Yong,Kim Min-Sun,Park Byung-Rim 대한약리학회 1997 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.1 No.3

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation on vestibular compensation following ULX in rats. Electrical stimulation (ES) with square pulse ($100{\sim}300uA$, 1.0 ms, 100 Hz) was applied to ampullary portion bilaterally for 6 and 24 hours in rats receiving ULX. After ES, animals that showed the recovery of vestibular symptoms by counting and comparing the number of spontaneous nystagmus were selected for recording resting activity of type I, II neurons in the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) of the lesioned side. And then the dynamic neuronal activities were recorded during sinusoidal rotation at a frequency of 0.1 Hz and 0.2 Hz. The number of spontaneous nystagmus was significantly different 24 hours (p<0.01, n=10), but not 6 hours after ULX+ES. As reported by others, the great reduction of resting activity only in the type I neurons ipsilateral to lesioned side was observed 6, 24 hours after ULX compared to that of intact labyrinthine animal. However, the significant elevation (p<0.01) of type I and reduction (p<0.01) of type II neuronal activity were seen 24 hours after ULX+ES. Interestingly, gain, expressed as maximum neuronal activity(spikes/sec)/maximum rotational velocity(deg/sec), was increased in type I cells and decreased in type II cells 24 hours after ULX+ES in response to sinusoidal rotation at frequencies of both 0.1 Hz and 0.2 Hz. This result suggests that accompanying the behavioral recovery, the electrical stimulation after ULX has beneficial effects on vestibular compensation, especially static symptoms (spontaneous nystagmus), by enhancing resting activity of type I neurons and reducing that of type II neurons.

소아치과 전문의 수요추계 모형에 관한 고찰

이문영,정태성,김신,Lee, Moon-Young,Jeong, Tae-Sung,Kim, Shin 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

현재 우리나라는 치과의사 전문의제도가 도입되고 저출산 고령화 사회로의 급속한 이행 등 여러 이유로 소아치과 전문의 수급에 관한 연구가 절실한 실정이다. 본 연구는 소아치과 전문의 수요추계에 적합한 모형을 모색할 목적으로 의료인력 수급에 관한 타 분야의 기존 연구들을 고찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 소아치과 전문의의 수요추계는 의료수요에 근거한 방법을 적용하는 것이 적절할 것으로 사료되었다. 2. 추계 모형에 필요한 독립변수로는 크게 유병율, 수진율, 의뢰율 출산율, 생산성, 연간 진료일수 등이 있었으나, 이러한 변수들에 대입하기 위한 기초자료가 부족한 것으로 나타나, 이를 보완할 설문조사와 전문가 의견조사가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 3. 독립변수는 각 특성에 적합한 회귀모형을 설정하여 추계하고, 가중치를 주어 추계 모형에 반영해야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 향후 추계 모형에 대입하기 위한 독립변수의 생성과 추계연구, 전문가의 검증과정이 추가로 필요하며 이를 토대로 소아치과 전문의 수요를 추계하여야 할 것으로 사료된다. The supply and demand planning the pediatric dentists is earnest, because of the start of the dental specialist system on 2008 and aging society with low fertility. Therefore in order to develop the model, that is adequate to estimate demand for the pediatric dentists, a studies on the supply and demand planing of other health manpower were reviewed. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The health demand method was appropriate for demand estimation of the pediatric dentists. 2. There was independent variables needed for demand estimation model: prevalence, utilization rate, referral rate, fertility rate, productivity, annual working days, and so on. 3. Since statistical data for application of these variables was insufficient as result of searching, questionnaire researching and discussion of specialist may be necessary. 4. Each independent variables should be inducted into an equation by using a adequate regression model and then estimated.

흰쥐의 운동유발전위에 대한 전정신경핵과 연수망상핵의 역할

이문영,이성호,김재효,박병림,김민선,Lee, Moon-Young,Lee, Sung-Ho,Kim, Jae-Hyo,Park, Byung-Rim,Kim, Min-Sun 대한약리학회 1997 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.1 No.6

The motor evoked potentials (MEPs) have been advocated as a method of monitoring the integrity of spinal efferent pathways in various injury models of the central nervous system. However, there were many disputes about origin sites of MEPs generated by transcranial electrical stimulation. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of major extrapyramidal motor nuclei such as lateral vestibular nucleus (VN) and medullary reticular nucleus (mRTN) on any components of the MEPs in adult Sprague-Dalwey rats. MEPs were evoked by electrical stimulation of the right sensorimotor cortex through a stainless steel screw with 0.5mm in diameter, and recorded epidurally at T9 - T10 spinal cord levels by using a pair of teflon-coated stainless steel wire electrodes with 1mm exposed tip. In order to inject lidocaine and make a lesion, insulated long dental needle with noninsulated tips were placed stareotoxically in VN and mRTN. Lidocaine of $2{\sim}3\;{\mu}l$ was injected into either VN or mRTN. The normal MEPs were composed of typical four reproducible waves; P1, P2, P3, P4. The first wave (P1) was shown at a mean latency of 1.2 ms, corresponding to a conduction velocity of 67.5 m/sec. The latencies of MEPs were shortened and the amplitudes were increased as stimulus intensity was increased. The amplitudes of P1 and P2 were more decreased among 4 waves of MEPs after lidocaine microinjection into mRTN. Especially, the amplitude of P1 was decreased by 50% after lidocaine microinjection into bilateral mRTN. On the other hand, lidocaine microinjection into VN reduced the amplitudes of P3 and P4 than other MEP waves. However, the latencies of MEPs were not changed by lidocaine microinjection into either VN or mRTN. These results suggest that the vestibular and reticular nuclei contribute to partially different role in generation of MEPs elicited by transcranial electrical stimulation.

신경섬유종증 II형 소아에서 발생한 거대 삼차신경초종

이문영,김태영,문성근,김종문,Lee, Mun Young,Kim, Tae Young,Moon, Seong Keun,Kim, Jong Moon 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.1

We report a case of huge trigeminal schwannoma in a 10-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis type II, extending into the three spaces of the left middle, posterior, and infratemporal fossa. Initially we thought the child had a solitary trigeminal schwannoma, and most of the mass was resected successfully through one-stage operation, cranio-orbito-zygomatic intradural approach. However during the follow-up of the patient we found radiographically other multiple intracranial tumors of bilateral acoustic schwannomas, right trigeminal schwannoma, and foramen magnum tumor. Eventually the patient was diagnosed as neurofibromatosis type II presenting multiple intracranial tumors. We think childhood trigeminal schwannoma, even though in the case of solitary tumor, should be considered as possible initial manifestation of neurofibromatosis type II and that careful follow-up for the possibility of occurrence of other brain tumors such as schwannomas or meningiomas is necessary.

환작(幻作)된 『환단고기(桓檀古記)』

이문영(LEE, Moon-Young) 한국사학사학회 2018 韓國史學史學報 Vol.0 No.38

이유립은 한국의 고대사를 영광스럽게 포장하기 위해 중국의 식민 정권인 기자 조선을 말살하고자 했다. 그 노력의 결정체가 『환단고기』이다. 기존의 국수주의 역사책인 『규원사화』나 『단기고사』를 통해서는 기자 조선을 말살할 수 없었기 때문에 이유립은 새로운 역사책이 필요했다. 이유립은 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 여러가지 위서를 만들어나갔는데, 그런 위서들을 모아서 『환단고기』라는 이름을 70년대에 붙이게 된다. 이러한 일련의 과정은 이유립이 조직한 ‘단단학회’의 기관지 『커발한』에 잘 드러나 있다. 1979년에 출간된 『환단고기』는 왜 그 전에 발간되지 않았는지를 해명할 수 없었다. 이 때문에 일부에서는 편저자로 알려진 계연수가 1980년에 공개하라고 말했다고 주장하기도 한다. 그러나 이미 『환단고기』는 월간 『자유』등에 소개된 바가 있었다. 또한 『커발한』에 점차 구체화되어가는 모습을 그대로 담고 있다. 이 때문에 오랫동안 유사역사학계는 『커발한』을 공개하지 않고 있었다고 짐작할 수 있다. 본고에서는 『커발한』에 등장하는 이유립의 역사관과 후일 출판된 『환단고기』와의 차이점을 살펴보고 어떻게 『환단고기』가 위조되었는지를 밝히도록 하겠다. Lee Yu-rip tried to eliminate the Chinese colonial government of Korea, Ki-ja Chosun, in order to bring glory to Korea’s ancient history. The fruit of their efforts is the Hwandangogi. Lee Yu-rip needed a new history book because he could not obliterate the Ki-ja Chosun through the existing nationalistic history books Kyuwonsahwa or Dangigosa. Lee Yu-rip has been making various pseudohistory books over time. Such pseudohistory books were collected and the name Hwandangogi was named in the ’70s. Such a series of processes often appears in the Keobalhan, an organ newspaper of the ”Dandanhakhoi” organized by Lee Yu-rip. Hwandangogi published in 1979 could not explain why it was not published before that time. For this reason, some argue that Kye Yeon-soo, known as the editor of the book, told the public open in 1980. For this reason, some argue that Kye Yeon-soo, known as the editor of the book, told Lee Yu-rip to disclose it in 1980. However, it has already been introduced in the monthly magazine Ja-yu. It also incorporates the gradual materialization of Keobalhan. Therefore, it is conjectured that similar historical scholars had not published Keobalhan for a long time. In this article, we will examine the differences between Lee Yu-rip’s historical view in Keobalhan and the later published Hwandangogi and how Hwandangogi was fabricated.

대규모기업집단 소속기업의 이사회 특성과 공시 빈도 사이의 관계

이문영 ( Moony Lee ),심호식 ( Ho Shik Shim ),최종학 ( Jong Hag Choi ) 한국회계학회 2012 회계학연구 Vol.37 No.2

본 연구는 대규모기업집단 소속기업들을 대상으로 여러 이사회의 특징들로 측정한 기업의 지배구조 수준과 공정공시제도를 통해 제공되는 정보의 빈도 사이의 관련성을 조사하였다. 우수한 이사회를 갖추고 있지 못한 기업들의 경우 이사회가 지배주주에 대한 효율적인 감독기능을 수행하지 못할 가능성이 높다. 그 결과 지배주주가 소액주주의 권리를 침해하여 자신의 사적 이익을 추구할 가능성이 증가하게 된다. 따라서 기업은 이러한 사실을 외부 이해관계자들로부터 숨기기 위하여 정보를 덜 공개할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 가설을 실증자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 이사회 중 사외이사의 비율이 높을수록, 그리고 회색이사의 비율이 낮을수록 공시 빈도가 높았다. 둘째, 이사회 위원 중 다른 회사의 사외이사를 현재 겸임하고 있거나 과거 역임한 경험이 있는 이사가 증가할 경우와 회계/세무 전문가가 독립적인 사외이사로 포함되어 있을수록 (즉, 이사회의 전문성이 증가할수록) 공시 빈도가 높았다. 셋째, 이사회 내 감사위원회가 설치된 기업일수록 공시 빈도가 높았다. 넷째, 소액주주 보호를 위한 집중투표제나 서면투표제를 도입하고 있는 경우 공시 빈도가 높았다. 다른 다양한 이사회 특성 변수들은 공시 빈도와 유의적인 관련성을 발견할 수 없었다. 본 연구의 이러한 발견은 우수한 기업지배구조의 확립의 효과와 관련하여 규제기관과 학계, 실무 종사자들과 투자자들에게 유용한 많은 시사점을 제공하고 있다. This study investigates the association between the superiority of the corporate governance mechanism measured by board characteristics and the frequency of information disclosed through the fair disclosure system. Among various ways to measure the superiority of the corporate governance mechanism, this study specifically focuses on the characteristics of the corporate board, because the board is the highest and most important mechanism to influence corporate behaviors. Corporate insiders and controlling shareholders have incentives to pursue their private interests (Claessens et al. 2000) by transferring wealth from minority shareholders to themselves. In such a case, the interests of minority shareholders are sacrificed. Because minority shareholders are aware of this kind of risk, they are reluctant to make an investment in firms dominated by corporate insiders and majority shareholders. To persuade those minority shareholders that the firm is protecting the interests of minority shareholders and thus attract them to invest in the firm, insiders and majority shareholders need to establish a good corporate governance mechanism (Kwon et al. 2011), especially a board of directors. As a result, if the board functions effectively and efficiently to monitor the behavior of corporate insiders and majority shareholders, it is expected that the firm release various information to outsiders to guide their decision making. As a result, it is expected that there exists a positive association between a superior governance mechanism (i.e., an effective board) and the frequency of information disclosure (Lee and Sohn 2005). With 1,023 firm-year observations collected from Korean listed firms belonging to large business groups over the period from 2003 to 2008, this study empirically examines this prediction. Specifically, this study classifies the characteristics of the board into the following five broad categories. The first characteristic is the independence of the board, which is measured by (1) the ratio of independent board members (Chen and Jaggi 2000; Eng and Mak 2003), (2) the ratio of gray directors who are former employees of the firm or other related firms (Choi et al. 2008), and (3) the existence of a chairman of the board who is one of the independent outside board members. The second characteristic is the competency or expertise of the board, which is measured by (1) the existence of board members who also serve on other companies` boards (Carcello and Neal 2003) and (2) the existence of independent board members who are experts in accounting / taxation (Srinivasan 2005). The third characteristic is the diligence of the board, which is measured by the ratio of outside directors` attendance at board meetings (Choi and Lim 2009; Moon et al. 2006). The fourth characteristic is the establishment of an audit committee. It is well documented that an audit committee plays an important role in promoting the quality of financial reporting (Kwon et al. 2011). Finally, this study measures the other characteristics of the board by (1) the size of the board (Klein 2002; Xie et al. 2003), (2) the frequency of board meetings, and (3) the introduction of a cumulative voting or written ballot system (LaPorta et al. 1999). We perform multiple regression analyses with the test variables mentioned above and other various control variables that are likely to affect the frequency of information disclosures. Especially, we control for another important governance-related characteristic: the ownership structure. We include foreign and management shareholdings as well as ownership divergence (ownership wedge) measured by the difference between cash flow rights and voting rights of the majority shareholder (Kwon et al. 2011; Lee and Sohn 2005). Thus, this study specifically focuses on the characteristics of the board after controlling for ownership structure. The empirical findings are summarized as follows. First, we find that the ratio of independent (gray) directors is positively (negatively) associated with the frequency. Second, the governance expertise (i.e., the proportion of directors who held director positions on other firms` boards and the existence of outside board members who are experts in accounting or tax) is positively associated with the frequency. Third, firms with an established audit committee tend to release more information. Finally, the firms with cumulative voting or written ballot systems are likely to disclose more information. These results generally support the prediction that firms with a superior governance mechanism tend to release more information to protect minority shareholders. Using exploratory principal component analysis, we confirm our results. We employ this method to summarize several governance characteristics into reduced dimensions. In addition, the results of various sensitivity analyses are also consistent in general. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights to regulators, academics, practitioners, and investors. We expect future research should turn its attention to the quality of disclosure as well as the quantity.

IEEE 802.11e 무선 랜에서 Direct Link Setup 을 이용한 동시 전송

이문영(Munyoung Lee),최낙중(Nakjung Choi),최성준(Sungjoon Choi),석용호(Yongho Seok),권태경(Ted "Taekyoung" Kwon),최양희(Yanghee Choi) 한국통신학회 2009 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.6

역전된 소수자: 에스토니아와 라트비아 사회의 러시안 디아스포라 연구

이문영 ( Lee Moonyoung ) 연세대학교 유럽사회문화연구소 2017 유럽사회문화 Vol.0 No.18

After obtaining the independence in 1991, Estonia and Latvia decided to give the citizenship only to the people who were the citizens of each countries in the very day of the 1940`s Soviet occupation and to their direct descendents. As a result, a considerable number of Russians, most of whom had moved to the Baltic region after the Soviet occupation, and who now occupies about twenty five percents of the total population in both countries, are in the status of statelessness. The legal and institutional situations related to the citizenship where Russians are in both countries sharply conflict with their historical, conventional and emotional sense of belonging, and it can be said that they are on the boundary between citizen and non-citizen. Such situations, coupled with a dramatic displacement of positions of Russians in both countries from `a ruling minority` in the time of imperial and Soviet Russian rules to `a ruled minority` in present time, result in the various controversies, including the interpretations of the past, or separatism discourses, etc. In this problematics this work examines the history and characteristics of Russian diaspora in Estonia and Latvia according to the four historical periods (period of imperial Russian rule(1721-1918), the first independent republic(1918-1940), the period of Soviet rule(1940-1991), the second independent republic(1991-present)), focusing on the correlation between the demographic dynamics and the change of socio-cultural status of Russian diaspora, and finally analyses its meaning in the general context of the comtemporary `crisis of citizenship` and in the relation between citizenship and the universal human right.

성차의학 연구: 어떻게 할 것인가?

이문영 ( Moon Young Lee ),김의중 ( Eui Joong Kim ),신애선 ( Aesun Shin ),김용성 ( Yong Sung Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2021 대한소화기학회지 Vol.77 No.3

Men and women are different, but this difference has not been well reflected in clinical trials and preclinical studies of biomedical science. Gender medicine, which systematically analyzes research results according to sex and gender, has been emphasized to overcome this problem. On the other hand, researchers still have difficulty in applying gender medicine to their research. To perform rigorous gender medicine, using correct terms, a thorough literature review during research planning, appropriate statistical analysis and reporting, and cautious interpretation of the results are necessary. Applying gender medicine will increase the reproducibility of studies, promote discoveries, expand the study relevance, and ultimately improve patient care in both men and women. Here, this study reviewed the practical issues on applying gender medicine to both preclinical and clinical studies in the field of biomedical science. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2021;77:104-114)

식물 추출물을 이용한 시판중인 과산화수소수에 들어있는 과산화수소의 정량

이문영 ( Moon Young Lee ),권효식 ( Hyo Shik Kwon ) 충북대학교 과학교육연구소 2011 과학교육연구논총 Vol.26 No.2

The commercial antiseptic solution samples containing hydrogen peroxide were analyzed in relation to the hydrogen peroxide content, using the various plant pigments, red rose petals, red wine, purple cabbage, azalea petals with spectronic 20 and home-made LED colorimeter. The results suggest that any anthocyanine-containing plants can be used in hydrogen peroxide determination. The negative sign in the slope of the analytical curves represents the decrease in the absorbance, resistance caused by the discoloring reaction. This study could easily determinate about H2O2 containing commercial hydrogen peroxide water with calibration curve from spectronic 20 and home-made LED colorimeter. It avail student`s determinative understanding about oxidation-reduction chapter.