질소관비 수준이 래빗아이 블루베리 '브라이트웰'의 생장과 양분흡수에 미치는 영향

곽용범,채원병,이목희,정해원,이한철,김진국,김홍림,Kwack, Yong-Bum,Chae, Won-Byoung,Lee, Mock-hee,Jeong, Hae-Won,Rhee, Han-Cheol,Kim, Jin-Gook,Kim, Hong-Lim 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회지 Vol.36 No.3

래빗아이 블루베리는 근모가 없는 섬유질 뿌리와 천근적 분포로 인하여 양분 이용효율이 낮다. 따라서 본 연구는 래빗 아이 블루베리의 생육과 과실특성에 미치는 질소 관비효과를 조사하여 효율성 높은 양분관리 기준을 마련하고자 수행하였다. 시험에 사용된 Brightwell(Vaccinium ashei Reade)품종의 관비처리는 재식 년차별 시비기준 (재식 1-2-3년 : 6-9-14 g/bush)으로 무 질소구와 기준 시비량의 50, 100 그리고 200%로 구분하여 처리하였다. 엽중 질소함량은 과중과 수확량에 유의성 있는 정의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 그러나 수관면적, 건물중, 당 그리고 안토시아닌 등은 유의성 있는 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 재식 3년차 블루베리의 엽과 줄기 건물중은 각각 723.7 g, 890.7 g/bush을 나타낸 50% 관비처리가 가장 높았다. 재식 3년차 과실수확량은 50%관비구에서 가장 높은 12.9 kg/bush으로 무비구 대비 약 70%의 증가량을 나타냈으며, 100%와 200% 관비구에서는 50% 관비구와 비교하여 각각 17와 12%가 감소한 11와 11.5 kg/bush의 수확량을 나타냈다. 질소 시비에 따른 이용율은 50% 관비구가 90%로 가장 높았으며, 200% 관비구가 가장 낮은 18%를 나타냈다. 따라서 본 연구는 기준 시비량의 50%를 관비하는 것이 'Brightwell'의 생육과 질소의 시비효율에 가장 효과적이었다는 결과를 제시하였다. BACKGROUND: Rabbiteye blueberry(Vaccinium ashei Reade) has low nutrient uptake efficiency due to its shallow and fibrous root system without root hairs. This study was carried out to establish an efficient nutrient application standard by investigating the effect of nitrogen fertigation on the growth and fruit characteristics of rabbiteye blueberry. METHODS AND RESULTS: 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry was treated with 0, 50, 100 and 200% nitrogen fertigation of recommended fertilizer application (6, 9 and 14 g/bush in the first, second and third years, respectively). The results showed that leaf nitrogen content significantly correlated with the fruit weight and fruit yield. However, canopy area, dry weight, sugar and anthocyanin contents did not correlate significantly with the leaf nitrogen content. The leaf and stem dry weights of 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry during the third year of planting were the highest with 50% nitrogen fertigation (leaf dry weight=723.7 g/bush; stem dry weight=890.7 g/bush). Maximum fruit yield of 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry (12.9 kg/bush) was observed during the third year of planting with 50% nitrogen fertigation and this was about 70% greater than the treatment that received no nitrogen fertigation. The fruit yields of 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry during the third year of planting treated with 100 and 200% nitrogen fertigation were 11.0 and 11.5 kg/bush, and these were 17 and 12%lower than the 50% nitrogen fertigation treatment, respectively. Further, the efficiency of nitrogen utilization was the highest (90%) with 50% nitrogen fertigation and lowest (18%) with 200% nitrogen fertigation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggests that fertigation with 50% of the recommended fertilizer could be most effective for enhancing the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of rabbiteye blueberry.

‘브라이트웰’래빗아이 블루베리의 Ammonium thiosulfate와 UREA처리에 따른 적화와 과실생장 효과

김홍림 ( Hong Lim Kim ),이목희 ( Mock-hee Lee ),이하경 ( Ha-kyoung Lee ),정경호 ( Kyeong-ho Chung ),이한철 ( Han-cheol Rhee ) 한국환경농학회 2020 한국환경농학회지 Vol.39 No.4

BACKGROUND: The productivity and quality of blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) greatly depend on the number of fruits in a plant. Especially, fruit set more than appropriate number negatively affects productivity and marketability due to the increased number of small fruits and delayed harvest time. This study was conducted to investigate proper timing and concentration for applying chemical blossom thinners such as ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) and UREA. METHODS AND RESULTS: ATS at 1.25% and 1.50%, and UREA at 6% and 8% were applied in four developmental stages, bud swell, pink bud, full bloom and petal fall. Fruit thinning rate was calculated based on the number of fruits harvested divided by that of flowers before applying blossom thinners. Ratios of leaf to flower and leaf to fruit were calculated based on the number of fully developed leaves in 25 days after full blossom divided by that of flowers or fruits, respectively. Chemical injury of leaves was investigated by calculating the number of leaves with chemical injury divided by the total number of leaves. Fruit thinning rates were 48% and 66% for UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, and 49% and 62% for ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively, in the full bloom stage. In the petal fall stage, fruit thinning rates were 18% and 24% for UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, and 49% and 35% for ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively. Leaf to fruit ratio (L/FR) increased by 109% and 188% compared to leaf to flower ratio in ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively, and L/FR increased 93 and 196% in UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, in the full bloom stage. In the petal fall stage, leaf to fruit ratio increased by 60% to 100% in ATS treatments, but did not significantly differ from the control in UREA treatments. Fruit harvest was delayed in all treatments of all developmental stages except for 1.5% ATS and 6% UREA treatments at the petal fall stage, whose fruit harvest was two or three days faster than the control. CONCLUSION: The application of ATS and UREA for blossom thinning should be in the petal fall and full bloom stages for early and late harvest, respectively. Considering chemical injury, integrated harvesting and fruit size, however, it is appropriate to apply ATS at 1.5% in the petal fall stage to increase fruit productivity and quality in blueberry.

국내 키위 주산지 토양 및 엽 화학성과 과실특성

김홍림 ( Hong Lim Kim ),이목희 ( Mock-hee Lee ),정경호 ( Kyeong-ho Chung ) 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2022 No.-

Kiwifruit is a fruit tree with relatively small cultivation area in Korea and researches on its soil and physiology are very limited compared to those on cultivar development. Therefore, there are limited information for farmers to cope with the reduction in productivity due to various physiological disorders and premature aging. This study was conducted to investigate the soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics, which will be used as basic data for stable kiwifruit orchard soil management. The soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics were investigated for two years in 16 kiwifruit orchards growing ‘Hayward’ (Actinidia deliciosa) in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. Soil and leaf samples were collected in July and fruit quality was investigated by harvesting fruits about 170 days after full bloom. The average soil chemical properties of kiwi orchards was generally higher than the recommended level, except for pH, and especially, the exchangeable potassium reached about 300% of the recommended level. The proportions of orchards that exceeded the recommended level of soil chemical properties were 63, 31, 100, 69, 94, 88 and 69% for pH, EC, organic content, available phosphate, and exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, respectively. Thirty-three percent of orchards had more than 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen in soil. Available phosphate in soil showed a significantly positive correlation with leaf nitrogen, phosphoric acid and calcium content, but showed a significantly negative correlation with leaf potassium content. The magnesium content in the leaves was significantly correlated with soil pH. The highest fruit weight was observed in about 25 g/kg of leaf nitrogen content which could be attained when plants were grown on the soil containing about 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen content. For fruit quality, fruit soluble solids content was significantly correlated with leaf potassium content, fruit hardiness with leaf total nitrate, calcium and magnesium, and fruit titratable acidity with leaf magnesium; however, leaf calcium and magnesium negatively affect the soluble solids contents in fruits. The average soluble solids content among 16 orchards was 9.58 °Brix at harvest and 13.9 °Brix after ripening, which increased about 45%, and the average fruit weight was about 110g.

The Waterlogging Responses of Several Kiwi Rootstocks to ‘Goldone’

Hong Lim Kim(김홍림),Mock-hee Lee(이목희),Jae-Ho Joa(좌재호) 한국토양비료학회 2023 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2023 No.10

키위 대목품종별 산소결핍 반응

김홍림 ( Hong Lim Kim ),이목희 ( Mock-hee Lee ),정경호 ( Kyeong-ho Chung ) 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2022 No.-

In Korea, there is a high risk of growth reduction by wet injury in kiwifruit orchards due to paddy-upland rotation, trampling after transplanting, and rainfall. In principle, the soil physical environment should be improved and the use of rootstock cultivars with wet injury tolerance is also required to avoid the wet injury. This study was conducted to investigate the response of kiwifruit cultivars to root hypoxia for the selection of wet injury-tolerant rootstocks. Kiwifruit cultivars ‘Bangwoori’ (Actinidia arguta x ‘Tomuri’ (A. deliciosa)), ‘Bounty 71’ (A. macrosperma) and ‘Gamrok’ (A. deliciosa) were used in this experiment. Root hypoxia was induced by submerging pots planted with kiwifruit cultivars in 3m³ water tank(0.4x2x3m). The degree of hypoxia was measured using an Eh meter. The root respiration and oxygen consumption induced by hypoxia were measured using pH(CO₂) and Eh(O₂)meters, respectively, in Erlenmeyer flasks with branches. Electron acceptors were supplies by 500ppm HNO₃ and H₂O₂ to alleviate hypoxia in rhizosphere. Wet injury tolerance among cultivars was measured by quantitatively comparing leaf H₂O₂ and lipid peroxidation. The time for the oxidation-reduction potential to reach 200-300mV, which is for nitrogen and manganese reduction, was about 20hours, and that to reach 100mV for iron reduction was about 40hours after submerging kiwifruit planting soil. Leaf H₂O₂ production was lowest in ‘Bounty71’ and highest in ‘Gamrok’. The content of leaf lipid peroxidation was also lowest in ‘Bounty71’ and highest in ‘Bangwoori’ and ‘Gamrok’. A clear difference in the degree of necrosis in vascular tissues was observed between ‘Bounty71’ and ‘Bangwoori’ after 15days of submerging. The level of wet-injury tolerance was not significantly affected by electron acceptor supply in all cultivars. The O₂ consumption and CO₂ emissionin ‘Bangwoori’ and ‘Gamrok’ showed a negative correlation, whereas ‘Bounty71’ plants showed continuous CO₂ emission without O₂ consumption. Therefore, the high wet injury tolerancein ‘Bounty71’ may be due to the activation of the alternative pathway of the mitochondrial electron transport chain(ETC), and by measuring root nitric oxide production and related enzyme activity, it may be possible to establish the guideline efficient for collecting wet injury-tolerant accessions in kiwifruit.

참다래 품종에 따른 과실의 생육 특성과 자당 대사 효소 활성의 비교

강형호(Hyeong Ho Kang),오은의(Eun Ui Oh),이경욱(Kyeong Uk Lee),곽용범(Yong-Bum Kwack),이목희(Mock Hee Lee),송관정(Kwan Jeong Song) 한국원예학회 2021 원예과학기술지 Vol.39 No.2

본 연구는 제주지역에서 재배되고 있는 참다래 품종의 과실 생육과 자당 대사에 관여하는 효소 활성과의 관계를 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 골드키위 계통의 ‘한라골드’, ‘스위트골드’ 및 ‘골드원’과 그린키위 계통의 ‘감록’ 품종을 이용하여 수행하였다. 과실 비대는 생육기 초반에 급격히 증가하고, 건물율은 수확기까지 지속적으로 증가하였다. 전분의 함량은 만개 후 140일까지 계속 증가하여 170일까지 높게 유지되었으며, 이후 급격히 감소하였다. 가용성 당은 만개 후 120일까지 낮은 수준을 보였으나, 이후 수확기까지 급격하게 증가하였다. 자당 분해의 sucrose synthase(SS)와 acid invertase의 활성은 품종에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나 만개 후 120–140일까지 점진적으로 감소하였으며, neutral invertase의 활성은 과실 발육 기간 동안 거의 일정하게 낮은 수준을 유지하였다. Sucrose phosphate synthase와 SS의 자당 합성의 활성은 각각 만개 후 140일 및 120일까지 낮은 수준에 머물렀으나 이후 점차 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과 만개 후 100–120일이 자당 대사 효소 활성의 변화와 더불어 과중 및 가용성 당 함량의 증가 양상이 변화하는 전환점이 됨을 확인할 수 있었다. The study was conducted to examine the relationship between fruit development and sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities in the fruit of some kiwifruit cultivars grown in Jeju, Korea. The fruit characteristics and sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities were evaluated during fruit development in yellow-fleshed cv. ‘Halla Gold’, ‘Sweet Gold’ and ‘Goldone’ and green-fleshed cv. ‘Garmrok’. Fruits were enlarged rapidly at the early stage of fruit development and dry matter showed a gradual increase by harvesting time. Starch content continued to increase by about 140 DAA, was maintained by 170 DAA, and thereafter decreased drastically. The level of soluble sugar was low by 120 DAA and then increased rapidly by harvesting time. The sucrose degradation activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and acid invertase decreased gradually by 120-140 DAA with a small difference depending on cultivars, but those of neutral invertase remained constantly low during fruit development. The sucrose synthesizing activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and SS maintained low levels of 140 and 100 DAA, respectively and then increased gradually. The results indicate that 100-120 DAA is a turning point in a changing pattern of fruit weight and soluble sugar content that combined with a change in sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities.

질소관비 수준이 래빗아이 블루베리 "브라이트웰"의 생육과 양분흡수에 미치는 영향

김홍림 ( Hong-lim Kim ),곽용범 ( Yong-bum Kwack ),이목희 ( Mock-hee Lee ),김목종 ( Mok-jong Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

블루베리의 주요 품종군은 북부형(Vaccinium corymbosum L.), 남부형(Vaccinium corymbosum hybrid)하이부쉬 블루베리와 래빗아이 블루베리(Vaccinium ashei Reade)로 나뉜다. 이들 품종군은 공통적으로 배수성이 좋은 산성토양과 뿌리털이 없는 천근성 뿌리구조로, 보비력과 양분이용이 매우 취약한 환경을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 시비효율성 증대를 위하여 래빗아이 블루베리의 생육특성에 미치는 관비효과를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 시험장소는 경남 남해에 소재한 국립원예특작 과학원 남해출장소 시설포장에서, 2013년 4년생 ‘Brightwell’(V.ashei Reade)레빗아이 블루베리 품종을 완숙유기물(피트모스) 30%(v/v)혼합된 토양에 재식하여 수행하였다. 시비는 오레곤 주립대학에서 제공하는 표준시비량 14g plant-1의 관행시비와 4수준의 관비를 처리하여 양분흡수량과 수체생육 그리고 과실특성을 조사하였다. 시비방법에 따른 수체생육과 과실생산량은 관비시비가 효과적이었으며, 관비수준별 시비효과는 표준시비량의 50%처리가 가장 효과적이었다. 처리별 엽중 질소함량은 표준시비량의 50% 관비처리가 14.4g kg-1으로 가장 높았으나, 200% 관비구는 11.5 g kg-1으로 가장 낮았다. 처리별 엽중 인산함량은 유의차가 나타나지 않았으나, 칼리와 칼슘 그리고 마그네슘함량은 표준시비량의 50%관비처리에서 가장 높았으며, 시비량의 증가는 엽중 무기성분 함량을 낮추는 경향을 나타냈다. 처리별 수관면적은 관행시비가 4.86 m3으로 가장 낮은 수준을 보였으며, 50% 관비처리가 9.61 m3로 가장 높았다. 이와같이 50% 관비처리의 높은 시비효과는 각각 3,650 g plant-1과 12,849 g plant-1을 나타낸 건물중과 과실생산량에서도 유사한 경향이었다. 한편 시비방법과 관비수준에 따른 과실의 안토시아닌과 당 그리고 산함량 등 과실품질은 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다.

질소관비가 남부형 하이부쉬 블루베리의 생육과 양분흡수에 미치는 영향

김홍림(Hong-Lim Kim),곽용범(Yong-Bum Kwack),김성철(Seong-Cheol Kim),이목희(Mock-hee Lee),김목종(Mok-Jong Kim) 한국원예학회 2015 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2015 No.10

토성에 따른 Tifblue와 Baldwin rabbiteye blueberry의 과실 및 생육특성

김홍림(Hong-Lim Kim),곽용범(Yong-Bum Kwack),김성철(Seong-Cheol Kim),이목희(Mock-hee Lee),김목종(Mok-Jong Kim) 한국원예학회 2015 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2015 No.10

참다래 대목의 과습에 따른 광합성과 목부전류무기성분의 특성

김홍림(Hong-lim kim),곽용범(Yong-Bum Kwack),이목희(Mock-hee Lee),김목종(Mok-Jong Kim) 한국원예학회 2016 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2016 No.10