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이동신,배은희 한국생체재료학회 2005 생체재료학회지 Vol.9 No.1
Liver is a multifuntional organ. It works on the detoxification of the toxic materials made from internal metabolic processes, metabolites of drug intakes. In addition, liver plays a important roles in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Bioartificial Liver(BAL) could be applicate to recover the patient from acute liver failure(ALF), lowered or end-stage of chronic malfunctions until the normal hepatic function works by either self-regeneration or a liver transplantation. BAL is being developed to consist of two or three compartments including blood circulation system and filter system and/or cell units. It circulates human blood so that the toxic materials in blood is filtered through filter units and/or cell units. Several approaches have been tried to obtain high density cell culture of hepatocytes in vitro and developments of different types of bioartificial liver. There have been remarkable advances in developments in tissue engineering technology using stem cells, 3-dimensional or dynamic cell culture technology and usages of scaffolds made of biocompatible polymers. The results from above researches also have been incorporated into the development of BAL and given hopes for development of new therapeutic technology and for patients in the end stage of liver disease.
이동신 문학과영상학회 2017 문학과영상 Vol.18 No.1
Taking note of a recent trend in zombie narratives, wherein non-zombie monsters appear as the main characters and thus cause ruptures in the conventional narrative structure that inhabits only zombie-to-human conflicts, this paper examines how this trend comes from the limitation of zombie narratives that, due to the ordinary and infectious nature of zombies, are unable to come to a conclusion by themselves. With their supernatural power or intelligence that helps map out the illusory point of origin of the zombie apocalypse, non-zombie characters infect zombie narratives with a much needed dramatic climax, or, to quote Frank Kermode, a “peripeteia,” to prepare for a realistic sense of resolution that is lacking in conventional zombie-to-human conflicts. The paper further points out that this trend could be signaling the end of zombie narratives by the infection of non-zombie narratives while zombies as ordinarily human monsters losing their philosophical edge that draws scholars to the monsters. The paper also takes a particular note of two recent zombie films, Maggie and Train to Busan, since they are resisting the new trend of having non-zombie monsters and thus attempt to keep the convention of zombie narratives alive. Their attempts, while admittedly admirable, however, are made by practicing the twisted ethical approach to infection that asks the infected individuals to sacrifice themselves for other people and society in general. By beautifying the self-sacrifice of the infected in the name of common good, thus, the two movies are at the risk of committing, to quote Steven Pokornowski, “the totalitarianism of generalization.” Weighing between embracing the coming death of zombie narratives and resisting it with the totalitarian ethical force, this paper argues that the former is as natural as the ironic yet sensible premise that zombie narratives are born and ended by way of infection.