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마늘 흑색썩음균핵병 방제 길항세균 Burkholderia pyrrocinia CAB08106-4의 대량배양 조건
이동국 ( Dong Guk Lee ),이은숙 ( Eun Sook Lee ),김정석 ( Jeong Seok Kim ),백철기 ( Cheol Ki Baek ),박매솔 ( Mae Sol Park ),박은희 ( Eun Hee Park ),이석희 ( Suk Hee Lee ),정창국 ( Chang Kook Chung ) 한국균학회 2013 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.41 No.1
Burkholderia pyrrocinia CAB08106-4 was parceled out from the Chungnam Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Korea to evaluate the antagonistic activity against garlic white rot caused by Sclerotium cepivorum. The optimum cultural conditions including temperature, pH, enzyme activity, carbon and nitrogen sources were determined. The optimum culture conditions of B. pyrrocinia CAB08106-4 were 28oC, 150 rpm and pH 7. Chitinase only showed activity among several tested enzymes. The highest cell growth was obtained with 1% glucose and 0.1% (NH4)2SO4, respectively.
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이동국(Dong-Guk Lee),오창규(Chang-Kyu Oh),양승호(Sung-Ho Yang),한승진(Seung-Jin Han),정옥찬(Ok-Chan Jeong) 대한전기학회 2014 전기학회논문지 Vol.63 No.5
This paper presents a fabrication of hydrophilic Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with periodic wrinkling surface. The proposed periodic wrinkling surface was fabricated using the sequential processes of typical curing process of PDMS, cutting process, platinum deposition process, and wrinkling transfer process. The surface morphology of the fabricated wrinkling surface was observed by using optical and dynamic atomic force microscopy and discussed. The measured period and amplitude of wrinkling was about 2.2 μm and 0.31 μm, respectively. And, the contact angles of water droplets on the wrinkled surface were measured in order to understand effect of the wrinkling surface on surface modification of hydrophobic PDMS. Our new finding was that the proposed wrinkling surface was hydrophilic and the measured contact angle was about 62°. Moreover, it was found out from the simple cell culture test that the fabricated wrinkling surface was more effective for cell spreading and adhesion than the case of native PDMS substrate.
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귀신사 <대적광전大寂光殿> <명부전冥府殿> 편액의 역사고증과 서체조형 연구 - 조선시대 편액의 전형미(典型美)와 개성미(個性美)의 비교를 중심으로 -
이동국 ( Lee Dong-guk ) 한국불교사연구소 2020 한국불교사연구 Vol.17 No.-
조선시대 편액(扁額)글씨는 필자와 시기, 장소나 건물의 성격에 따라 다르지만 왕궁 사찰 서원 등의 중심 건물의 경우 기본적으로는 공통된 특징이 있다. 가독성과 예술성 측면에서 볼 때 편액 글씨는 보통 건물과의 조화를 전제로 하여 획(劃)이 굵고 크면서도 빈틈이 거의 없는 엄정(嚴正)한 해서(楷書)의 서체로 구사된다. 이러한 경우는 유가(儒家) 사회의 주류 건축공간인 궁중이나 서원은 물론 불가(佛家)의 사찰 건축도 예외 없이 적용된다. 귀신사의 <대적광전大寂光殿> <명부전冥府殿>의 서체조형 특질은 두 작품 모두 대자해서(大字楷書)로 대체적으로 필획에서 뚜렷한 마제(馬蹄) 잠두(蠶頭)와 향세(向勢) 배세(背勢), 태세(太細)대비가 강조되고 있고, 결구에서는 소소(疎疎) 밀밀(密密)한 구조가 특징이다. 다만 <대적광전大寂光殿>의 서체조형이나 미학에 비하면 <명부전冥府殿>은 비교적 자유롭고, 휘호한 사람의 개성인 필획과 글자구조로 인간적인 맛까지 느껴진다. 미학적으로도 사찰의 주 건축물인 대적광전(大寂光殿)의 전형미와 부속공간인 명부전(冥府殿)의 개성미는 건축물의 용도 기능과 정체성에도 부합하고 있다. 편액의 제작 시기 또한 실제 귀신사의 <대적광전大寂光殿> <명부전冥府殿>의 중창 시기와 맥락을 같이 하고 있다. 귀신사(歸信寺)가 임진 병자 양란으로 폐사된 후 1633년(인조11)에 중창될 당시나 자수(子秀) 무경(無竟)의 <전주모악산귀신사사적사인全州母岳山歸信寺事蹟詞引>의 기록 그대로 1657년(효종 8년)에 대웅전(大雄殿)을 중수한 17세기 중반의 서풍이다. 이러한 사례는 임진 병자 양란이후 조선시대 사찰에서 전국적으로 벌어진 중창불사의 양상인바 귀신사 <대적광전大寂光殿>과 같은 서체(書體) 서풍(書風) 글씨가 구례 화엄사의 의창군(義昌君) 이광(李珖)이 쓴 <대웅전大雄殿>(1636)과 <지리산화엄사智異山華嚴寺>(1636)라는 사실에서 확증을 더하고 있다. 귀신사의 <대적광전大寂光殿> <명부전冥府殿>편액의 시대서풍도 조선시대 궁중이나 서원의 편액과 같은 맥락에서 확인 된다. 특히 조선 중후기 편액 글씨의 전형으로 자리 잡은 석봉 한호의 <대자천자문大字千字文>글씨 서풍과 같다. 이것은 14세기말 공민왕의 <영호루映湖樓>, 15세기 초반 양령대군의 <숭례문崇禮門>, 16세기 중반 <모악산금산사母岳山金山寺>(1556), 16세기 중후반 석봉 한호의 <구인당求仁堂>, 17세기 초중반 조일회의 <돈의문敦義門>, 이광의 <대웅전大雄殿>과 <지리산화엄사智異山華嚴寺>(1636), 18세기 중엽 이광사의 대흥사<대웅전大雄殿>, 19세기 중엽 김정희의 은해사<대웅전大雄殿>, 임태영의 <광화문光化門>의 글씨를 종횡으로 비교해본 결과 더 명확하게 객관적으로 밝혀졌다. 그런 만큼 귀신사 <대적광전大寂光殿> <명부전冥府殿> 글씨는 17세기 중엽, 조선 중후기 편액 글씨의 전형미(典型美) 개성미(個性美)의 척도가 된다. Calligraphy on plaques from the Joseon Dynasty differs according to its writer, production date, associated building, and site. However, examples from plaques hung at palaces, temples, and seowon (local private academies) do sharecertain characteristics in common. Commonly, for legibility and artistic value, calligraphy on plaques iswritten or carved in rigid regular script using large, thick, dense strokes in harmony with the architecturewhere the plaques are to be hung. Not only palaces and seowon, the primary architectural spaces of Confucian Joseon society, but also Buddhist temple buildings were ornamentedwith plaques bearingsuch calligraphy. The plaques at Daejeokgwangjeon Hall and Myeongbujeon Hall inGwisinsa Temple containcalligraphy in large regular script. Their calligraphic strokes generally demonstrate distinct horse’s hoof-shaped beginnings and silkworm head-shaped ends. They also emphasize two vertical strokes facing each other and swollen either to the out- or inside. Moreover, a contrast between plump and slender strokes is highlighted. These strokes are sometimes coarsely or finely structured. Compared to the calligraphy of the “Daejeokgwangjeon Hall” plaque, however, the calligraphy of the “Myeongbujeon Hall” plaque is relatively unconstrained and presents strokes and structures which are distinctive to the point of appearingpassionate. Aesthetically, the conventionalbeauty of thecalligraphy of “Daejeokgwangjeon Hall” and the individual beauty of thecalligraphy of “Myeongbujeon Hall” correspond to the identity and function of these two major buildings at Gwisinsa Temple. Moreover, the production dates of the plaques atDaejeokgwangjeon Hall and Myeongbujeon Hall inGwisinsa Temple align with the dates of the reconstruction of the buildings. The calligraphy on these plaques wasproduced either during the reconstruction of Gwisinsa Temple, which was ruinedfollowing both the Japanese and Manchu invasions of Joseon in 1633 (the eleventhyear of the reign of King Injo) or during the repair of Daeungjeon Hall in 1657 (the eighthyear of the reign of King Hyojong), as recorded in Remarks on the History of Gwisinsa Temple onMoaksan Mountain in Jeonju (全州母岳山歸信寺事蹟詞引) by Monk JasuMugyeong, thusreflecting the calligraphic style of the mid-seventeenth century. Their production was part of areconstruction project undertaken at Joseontemples nationwide after the Japanese and Manchu invasions. The mid-seventeenth-century calligraphic style reflected in the Gwisinsa plaques is also validated by the fact that the calligraphic style of the“Daejeokgwangjeon Hall” plaque resembles the stylesof the“Daeungjeon Hall”plaque atHwaeonsa Temple in Guryeand the plaque reading “Hwaeonsa Temple onJirisan Mountain,”both of which were written in 1636by Yi Gwang, also known as Prince Uichanggun. The calligraphic styles in the plaques of Daejeokgwangjeon Hall and Myeongbujeon Hall at Gwisinsa Temple bear similarities to those in the plaques of Joseon palaces and seowon. In particular, they recall the style seen in the plaque of “Large One Thousand Characters” by Han Ho (sobriquet: Seokbong), which was considered a definitive exampleof plaque calligraphy in the mid- and late Joseon period.Thisresemblance to the plaques of Joseon palaces and seowon can be further demonstratedby an analysis of vertical and horizontal strokes and a comparison with other plaques. These include the plaques of“Yeonghoru Pavilion” by King Gongmin in the late fourteen century; “Sungnyemun Gate” by Prince Yangnyeong in the early fifteenth century; “Geumsansa Temple onMoaksan Mountain” in the mid-sixteenth century; “Guindang Hall” by Han Ho in the mid- and late sixteenth century; “Donuimun Gate” by Jo Il-hoe in the mid- and late seventeenth century; “Daeungjeon Hall” and “Hwaeonsa Temple onJirisan Mountain” by Yi Gwang in 1636; “Daeungjeon Hall” by Yi Gwang-sa at Daeheungsa Temple in the mid-eighteenth century; “Daeungjeon Hall” by Kim Jeong-hui at Eunhaesa Temple in the mid-nineteenth century; and “Gwanghwamun Gate” by Yim Tae-yeong. Thus, the calligraphyon the “Daejeokgwangjeon Hall” and “Myeongbujeon Hall” plaques at Gwisinsa Temple serve as a criterion for defining conventionalor individual beauty in plaque calligraphy duringthe mid-seventeenth century.
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Therapeutic Efficacy and Complications of Automated Peritoneal Dialyzer in Dogs with Renal Failure
권희정,최원진,이동국,데이비드 탄,현창백,Kwon, Heejung,Choi, Wonjin,Lee, Dong-Guk,Tan, David,Hyun, Changbaig The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics 2015 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.7 No.2
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment for renal failure and acute poisoning, and uses the patient's peritoneum in the abdomen as a membrane across which fluids and dissolved substances are exchanged from the blood. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and complications of automated peritoneal dialyzer (APD) in dogs with renal failure. PD was performed in 10 dogs using a swan neck catheter (Neonatal, Coviden) and automatic APD. The efficacy for each dog was assessed by calculating urea reduction ratio (URR) and creatinine reduction ratio (CRR). Mean concentrations of pre-dialysis creatinine and blood urea (BUN) were $7.09{\pm}3.84$ and $145.8{\pm}48.5$, respectively. The mean number of peritoneal dialysis cycles applied was $6{\pm}1$ cycles. Peritoneal dialysis resulted in a significant decrease in BUN concentration in 7/10 dogs, while a significant decrease in creatinine concentration in 9/10 dogs. The mean of URR was higher than that of CRR ($0.39{\pm}0.16$ vs $0.38{\pm}0.13$). The mean CRR and URR per dialysis cycles were $0.064{\pm}0.023$ and $0.065{\pm}0.023$, respectively. Complications found in this study were catheter occlusion, subcutaneous dialysate leakage, septic peritonitis, hypoalbuminemia and overhydration. This study found PD using a swan neck catheter and APD machine showed acceptable efficacy for successful peritoneal dialysis in dogs. However, close monitoring is required to minimize the risk of complication. 복막투석은 혈액에서부터 오는 체액과 노폐물을 교환하는 복강내의 막인 복막을 이용한 투석방법으로, 신부전과 중독증 환자에서의 치료법이다. 본 연구에서는 신부전증 개에서 자동투석기를 이용한 복막투석의 치료효율과 합병증에 대해 평가하였다. 10마리의 개를 대상으로 Swan neck 카테터(Neonatal, Coviden)와 자동 복막투석기를 사용하여 복막투석을 실시하였고, 그 효과는 요소감소율(urea reduction ratio)로 평가하였다. 평균 크레아틴닌 감소율과 평균 요소감소율은 $7.09{\pm}3.84$과 $145.8{\pm}48.5$였다. 평균 투석횟수는 $6{\pm}1$회 였다. 투석치료후 유의성 있는 요소의 감소가 7/10 개에서 관찰되었고, 유의성 있는 크레아틴의 감소가 9/10 개에서 관찰되었다. 요소의 감소율이 크레아틴 감소율보다 더 높게 관찰되었다. 1회 투석당 요소와 크레아틴닌의 감소율은 $0.064{\pm}0.023$과 $0.065{\pm}0.023$이 였다. 본 연구에서의 복막투석에 따른 합병증은 카테터 막힘, 투석액의 피하누출, 패혈성 복막염, 저알부민혈증, 과수화 등이었다. Swan neck 카테터와 자동 복막투석기를 이용한 복막투석은 임상에서 적용 가능하였으며 본 연구를 통하여 성공적인 복막투석의 가능성을 보여주었다. 하지만 합병증을 최소화하기 위해서는 주의 깊은 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.
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