라벨의 5개 그리스 민요에 관한 연구

이다영 전남대학교 대학원 2007 국내석사

라벨(Maurice Ravel, 1875-1937)은 낭만주의와 20세기가 교차하는 과도기에서 드뷔시(Claud Achill Debussy, 1862-1918)와 함께 프랑스 인상주의를 발전 시켰으며 회화에 색채를 중요시 하였듯이 인상주의적 기법의 바탕 위에 새로운 고전적 양식을 도입하여 라벨 특유의 독자적인 선율을 구축 하였다. 그의 작품에는 전반적으로 이국적 정서가 물씬 풍겨나며 특히 5개로 구성 되어진 그리스 민요모음(Cing Mélodies Populaires Grecques)는 순수 원형 그대로의 그리스 민요의 원형을 살려 그의 이국정서주의를 가장 잘 표현한 작품이다. 본 논문은(Cing Mélodies Populaires Greques)분석을 통하여, 라벨이 인상주의적 색채감각을 가곡 선율에 어떻게 적용 시켰는지 알아보고 프랑스 가곡의 발전의 흐름에 얼마나 많은 영향을 미쳤는지 더 깊이 이해 하고자 함이다. 먼저 인상주의 음악이 발생하게 된 시대적 배경과 미술 , 문학에 있어서의 배경을 살펴보고, 프랑스 가곡의 전반적이 흐름을 파악한 후 곡의 분석은 시의 해석, 악곡 분석, 화성 리듬분석을 통해 이 곡에 사용 되어진 라벨의 기법을 연구해 보았다. 그 결과 전 5곡은 사랑, 신앙, 일을 하는 여인, 기쁨의 표현 등 5가지의 각 민요의 특징을 평범한 일상 생활을 택하여 민요적 선율과 아름답게 조화를 이룬다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 그의 음악은 치밀한 수학적 계산으로 이루어진 고전적 전통을 바탕으로 작곡 되었음을 알 수 있다. 가곡작품은 37곡으로 많지는 않으나 화성적 으로 풍부하다. 또 그의 민속음악에 대한 관심과 이국정서에 대한 그의 애착을 외국민요를 프랑스 가곡화 하는 형태로 표현하여 그 대표곡이 (Cing Mélodies Populaires Grecques) 이다.

캐릭터 특성이 모바일 게임 만족 및 성과에 미치는 영향

이다영 청주대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

제품 패키지에서 캐릭터를 사용한 마케팅은 1990년대 후반부터 본격적으로 시작되었으며 이제 캐릭터를 사용한 마케팅이 더욱 활발해지고 있다. 2019년에는 캐릭터 자체에 내재 된 지적 재산권을 포함한 유형 및 무형 제품 및 협업 시장이 지속적으로 성장하고 있으며 소비자는 쉽게 접근할 수 있게 되었다. 온라인 및 오프라인 상점을 통해 캐릭터 협업 제품 및 서비스의 접근성이 높아지고 있는 것이다. 최근에는 인기 캐릭터와 협업하는 모바일 게임과 이미 만들어진 캐릭터와 협업하는 제품이 지속적으로 출시되고 있다. 대표로 카카오는 아케이드, 슈팅, 카카오 프렌즈 캐릭터를 사용한 스낵 게임과 같은 다양한 모바일 게임을 시작했으며 현재 많은 사용자가 관련 캐릭터 게임을 사용하고 있다. 과거에는 PC 게임, 애니메이션, 웹툰 및 이모티콘과 같은 캐릭터가 어린이와 10대를 ​​대상으로 제작되었지만 키덜트족의 등장으로 많은 사람들이 캐릭터 관련 서비스를 즐기고 있다. 다시 말해서, 캐릭터 시장은 과거에 비해 확장되었으며, 구매력이 있는 연령대별로 캐릭터의 소비가 증가함에 따라 관련 제품 및 서비스가 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다는 것이다. 또한 스마트 폰이 등장하면서 언제 어디서나 간단하고 조작하기 쉽고 조작하기 쉬운 모바일 게임을 즐기게 되었고, 10대 및 20대, 청소년뿐만 아니라 모든 연령으로 게임 이용이 확장되고 있다. 그러나 캐릭터의 인기와 모바일 게임의 인기는 증가하고 있지만 캐릭터와 모바일 게임의 관계에 대한 연구는 충분하지 않다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구는 모바일 게임 이용 의도에 대한 캐릭터 특성의 영향을 연구하고자한다. 이 연구를 통해 캐릭터 협업 게임 제품을 제공하려는 회사와 회사의 캐릭터 특성이 마케팅에 필요한 정보를 제공 할 것으로 예상된다. Marketing using characters in product packages began in earnest in the late 1990s, and now marketing using characters is becoming more active. In 2019, the tangible and intangible products and collaboration market, including intellectual property rights inherent in the character itself, are constantly growing, and consumers can easily access them. Character collaboration products and services can be easily accessed through online and offline stores.  Recently, mobile games that collaborate with popular characters, along with products that make collaborations with characters that have already been made, are continuously being released. As a representative, Kakao launched a variety of mobile games such as arcades, shootings, and snack games using Kakao Friends characters, and many users are currently using related character games. Character collaboration products and mobile games have already become unfamiliar to consumers.  In the past, characters such as PC games, animations, webtoons, and emoticons were produced aimed at children and teenagers, but many people enjoy character-related services with the emergence of the Kidult. In other words, the character market has expanded compared to the past, and related products and services are increasing exponentially as the consumption of characters by the age group with purchasing power increases. In addition, with the advent of smartphones, the game is expanding to all ages, not just for young people in their teens and twenties, while enjoying simple, easy-to-operate and easy-to-operate mobile games anytime, anywhere.  As such, the popularity of characters and the popularity of mobile games are increasing, but research on the relationship between characters and mobile games is insufficient. In this regard, this study intends to study the effect of character characteristics on the intention to use mobile games. Through this study, it is expected that the company that wants to provide character collaboration game products and the character characteristics of the company will provide information necessary for marketing.

3D Random Walk 기반의 전장유전체 가시화 및 서열 탐색 시스템

이다영 부산대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

The development of Next Generation Sequencing technology has drastically reduced the cost of obtaining large amounts of genetic information. As a result, under study for how a large amount of genetic information will be efficiently analyze and manage progress it is also active. The most important approach to dealing with genetic information is the search and comparison of sequences, and most studies are based on this. The most commonly used method is sequence alignment, which has high time and space complexity, making it difficult to handle large amounts of genomic information. In this study, we fix the problem by replacing the two-dimensional problem of scoring sequence alignment techniques to the problem of vector comparison of the 3-dimensional space. Assigns a different 3-D vector for all of the 2-mer sequences, and converts the base information to image information by calculating the vector. To complete the walk plot for the reference sequence and the query sequence, respectively. And a method to extract the representative vector from the query sequence to find the vector component in the walk plot of the reference sequence. This is because the visualization information of the two sequences is read only once, and only the calculated vectors are searched for the sequence, so that the specific sequence can be searched at an improved speed compared to the sequence alignment technique. As a result of searching the genome sequence of the flatfish and human, it is confirmed that the execution speed is improved by 2.9 times as compared with the GPU based sequence alignment tool CUDAlign.

국가중요농업유산의 보전·관리 현황 및 개선방안

이다영 부산대학교 2018 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to analyze the status of the conservation and management of KIAHS (Korea’s Important Agricultural Heritage System) by focusing on the conceptual and institutional characteristics and stakeholder activities, and to suggest improvement plans. In order to achieve this purpose, the concept and institutional characteristics of the agricultural heritage were identified through a literature review. In addition, the stakeholders of agricultural heritage are divided into ①insiders (farmer, resident) ② intermediaries (administrative, expert) and ③outsiders (enterprise, public). The roles and activities of stakeholders were derived according to the ①investigation and excavation stages, ②planning stage, ③enforcement and activity stage, and ④ monitoring stage. Based on the framework of the analysis, we analyzed the status of conservation and management in 6 designated areas as KIAHS. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, insiders served as financial support, where they participated in the operation at the stage of implementation and activity. There was a lack of a particular place to educate the insiders in order to promote the active participation of insiders and the recognition of value of agricultural heritage at the investigation and excavation stage, though a briefing session discussing the administrative process for applying for national important agricultural heritage was held at all sites. Even then, Cheongsando Gudeuljangnon System, Jeju Batdam Agricultural System and Gurye Sansuyu Agricultural System were the only three places in which these insider meetings were held. Therefore, the insiders lacked prior activities to fully appreciate the value of the heritage and the need for conservation and management. Insiders were also involved in activities that assisted in operating experiential and educational programs for visitors. Conservation and management focused on outsiders rather than insiders. Respectively, voluntary regulation, insider-led marketing and public relations were absent from all the sites. Even the activities at the level of participation and operation were stopped when the financial support discontinued upon the termination of the project. Second, the activities and support for agriculture revitalization and traditional agriculture succession related to farmers (insiders) were insufficient. The activities of the farmers were limited to providing information and knowledge for planning (6 sites) and assisting the operation of experiential and educational programs (4 sites). Direct support for farmers and agricultural infrastructure, such as Farmland maintenance and restoration (2 sites), breeding and development (1 site), development and sales (1 place) and brand development (0 place) were only made in some areas. However, facility development projects for agriculture and heritage tourism were performed at all sites, with 37.0% being the highest percentage of the overall project cost of conservation and utilization plans. However, 33.3% of 21 projects were found to have only physical space without program in the facility development project. Third, the administration (intermediary) focused only on the investigation and excavation stages, and did not consider the establishment of the regulations such as ordinance and manpower. The application of KIAHS designation and the rural pluralistic resource utilization project has been carried out in all the sites. However, after the end of the rural pluralistic resource utilization project, separate local government budget and ministry business attraction activities were only carried out at two sites in Jeju Batdam Agricultural System and Damyang Bamboo Forest System. It was found that the administration’s interest and care for the conservation and management after the designation of KIAHS were insufficient. From a legal perspective, there were regulations for agricultural protection prior to the discovery of existing agricultural heritage (4 places). However, rather than to be considered as an agricultural heritage, it was rather recognized as a protection of an industry. In some farmlands (1, Jeju Batdam Agricultural System), a part of it was designated as a KIAHS, and it was recognized that it was necessary to establish it. As for the humanitarian assistance, Damyang Bamboo Forest System and all six sites of the Geumsan Insam(Ginseng) Agricultural System have secured a dedicated workforce related to the agricultural heritage by establishing research institutes and project teams Fourth, the role of the administration (intermediary) is limited to support such as the payment of organization operating expenses and establishment of facilities at the implementation and activity stage. In the five sites excluding Hadong Traditional Tea Plantation System, the administration supported the establishment and maintenance of facilities such as experimental sites and trail routes in the agricultural heritage area. In the case of support for insider-centered organization, the organization was composed of all six sites, while the operation support was provided in four places (excluding the Damyang Bamboo Forest System and Geumsan Insam(Ginseng) Agricultural System). In addition, there was an attempt to support through the system. In the case of the special designation system, Jeju Batdam Agricultural System and Hadong Traditional Tea Plantation System were presented as two places, but the actual project cost was only secured in Jeju Batdam Agricultural System. In Cheongsando Gudeuljangnon System, Jeju Batdam Agricultural System, Gurye Sansuyu Agricultural System, Hadong Traditional Tea Plantation System tried to connect with the pilot project and the grant, but it was limited to the demonstration designation and the actual pilot project and support were not materialized. Fifth, experts (intermediaries) led the process from investigation and discovery to implementation and activities. During the investigation and excavation of all the sites, the experts led the application for the application of the KIAHS. At the planning stage, the program development was carried out in all six places and the development of public relations was carried out in five places (excluding Jeju Batdam Agricultural System). The councils and cooperatives were organized in six places, but experience and education programs at the stage of implementation and activity consisted mainly of business executives, or were entrusted to other organizations and companies. Sixth, outsiders were not able to participate in public or corporate settings, outside the designation of a visitor. The H/W and S/W projects included in the Agriculture Heritage Conservation and Utilization Plan accounted for a high percentage of 75% (based on the project cost) of the utilization of visitors to the visitors. But surveys, interviews and conferences were held for outsiders. Five sites (except for Damyang Bamboo Forest System) operated experiential and educational programs centered on visitors. In addition, there were only three places where the sponsorship system such as the owner system and the farming fund operated in Cheongsando Gudeuljangnon System, Gurye Sansuyu Agricultural System and Hadong Traditional Tea Plantation System.Based on the above conclusions, the implications and improvement plans for effective conservation and management of the KIAHS are summarized as follows. First, the formation of community-led conservation activities through capacity building during the investigation and discovery phase must be considered. For the participation of insiders in the present system, the organization and consent of the residents are compulsory at the stage of application of the national important agricultural heritage and rural pluralistic resource utilization project; however, most of them merely formal procedures. Since the focus is on the organization of the group rather than the group's activities, the insider group is passively organized by the experts, and the capacity enhancement or consulting for the post-composition activities is done only in some areas (Cheongsando Gudeuljangnon System and Hadong Traditional Tea Plantation System). The group has shown its limits to depend on administrative and professional support. Insiders' preservation activities are not dependent on business and institutional procedures, but rather an independent group that recognizes the need for action, ensuring sustainability when activities are carried out. To this end, it is necessary to support the formation of the group from the long-term perspective by joining the local people, experts and administration. Second, as an amenity resource, incentives and regulations need to be integrated to promote stakeholder activities. In the case of domestic agricultural heritage, the project will be supported as the KIAHS and the GIAHS(the rural multi-utilization project and GIAHS preservation and management project of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs). However, in some municipalities, the conservation and management of agricultural heritage is totally dependent on the business. Businesses have the limitation that they can only be temporary measures due to the existence of limited support period. In addition, unconditional support, not based on compensation for the supply and maintenance of agricultural heritage, may limit the promotion of active stakeholder conservation activities. Therefore, it is necessary to complement the system in which conditional incentive payment and regulation are integrated to enable continuous support and management. The incentive will be paid to the conservation and activities of the agricultural heritage itself, and the regulations should be given to activities against it. Third, it is necessary to supplement policy to ensure efficient and continuous activities of experts from the investigation and discovery of agricultural heritage to the monitoring stage. Presently, experts are mainly involved in establishing plans after applying for and designating agricultural heritage. Experts can carry out various roles and activities such as evaluation, deliberation and consultation as well as investigation, research, and planning. Through the formation and support of an intermediary support organization composed of experts, it is necessary to establish linkages between the central administration and local governments, and ensure that responses to GIAHS and a sustainable monitoring system are established. Fourth, it is necessary to develop support policies for agricultural activities such as subsidies for agriculture and product certification system. Agricultural heritage requires a streamlined support towards agricultural activities because of its conceptual nature that relies on the sustenance of agricultural activities. Since agricultural heritage has the value of traditional agriculture and landscapes to be protected nationally, it is necessary to establish conservation policies by recognizing that the maintenance of agricultural activities is beneficial to those outside the agricultural heritage. Fifth, standards and regulations are needed to balance the conservation, management and utilization of agricultural heritage. Currently, the discovery and designation of agricultural heritage is mainly recognized as a resource for revitalization of the region. The activities of stakeholders in agriculture heritage also focus on the utilization of agricultural heritage resources. Agricultural heritage has various elements that are both tangible and intangible, represented by landscapes, agricultural systems, and agricultural activities which are also damaged and consumed through utilization. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the criteria for the conservation and management of the agricultural heritage as well as to introduce the regulations for this purpose, not only on the administrative level but also on the level of farmers and residents (insiders) 우리나라도 2012년 국가중요농업유산제도를 도입하여 현재까지 9개소를 지정하였다. 그러나 현재 유산제도는 농업·농촌의 다원적 가치 보전 및 계승이라는 본연의 취지에 부응하지 못하고 있다는 지적이 높다. 유산 가치의 특성은 이해관계자들의 영향 속에서 복잡한 구조를 지니므로 효율적 보전·관리는 이들의 역할관계 속에서 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 국가중요농업유산을 대상으로 개념 및 제도적 특징을 파악하고, 농업유산 이해관계자의 유형과 역할을 규명하며, 이를 기준으로 현재 진행되고 있는 보전·관리 현황을 분석하여 개선방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 상기 목적을 달성하기 위해 먼저 문헌연구를 통한 농업유산의 개념과 제도적 특징을 파악하였다. 또한 농업유산의 이해관계자를 내부자(농업인, 거주민), 중간자(행정, 전문가), 외부자(기업, 일반인)의 유형으로 구분하고 이해관계자의 역할과 활동을 조사 및 발굴 단계, 계획 단계, 시행 및 활동 단계, 모니터링 단계에 따라 도출하였다. 도출된 분석의 틀을 바탕으로 국가중요농업유산으로 지정된 6곳의 보전·관리 현황을 분석하였다. 연구결과를 종합하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 내부자는 재정적 지원에 의존하며 활동 참여 및 운영 보조를 주로 하고 있었다. 둘째, 행정은 조사 및 발굴에 초점을 맞추고 조례 제정, 인력 확보 등 기반 구축은 미비하였다. 셋째, 행정은 시행 및 활동에서 조직 운영비 지급, 시설 조성 등 지원에 한정된 활동을 보였다. 넷째, 전문가는 조사 및 발굴부터 시행 및 활동까지 과정을 주도하고 있었다. 다섯째, 방문객 이외 외부자에 대한 참여 수단 마련이 부족했다. 이상의 결론을 바탕으로 국가중요농업유산의 효율적인 보전·관리를 위한 시사점을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사 및 발굴 단계에서 역량강화를 통해 주민 주도의 조직 형성을 지원하는 것이 고려되어야 한다. 둘째, 어메니티 자원으로써 인센티브와 규제의 통합적 시행으로 이해관계자 활동의 촉진이 필요하다. 셋째, 농업유산의 보전·관리 전 단계에서 전문가의 지속적 활동을 담보하는 정책적 보완이 필요하다. 넷째, 보조금, 인증제도 등 농업활동에 대한 지원 정책 전개가 필요하다. 다섯째, 농업유산의 보전·관리, 활용이 균형을 이루는 기준과 규제가 필요하다.

의인화와 긍정적인 사용자 경험의 충분조건으로서 사회적 친밀감의 중요성

이다영 연세대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

본 연구는 사회적 반응과 의인화를 구분해 CASA(Computers Are Social Actors) 패러다임에 대한 올바른 이해를 확립하고 의인화와 긍정적인 사용자 경험의 기제를 밝히기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구는 CASA 패러다임의 접근법을 차용했다. 대인관계에서 나타나는 깊은 자기개방의 친밀감 형성 및 의인화 효과를 사람과 대화형에이전트의 관계에 적용해 사회적 반응과 의인화를 모두 유도한 것이다. 그리고 친밀감으로 치환되는 긍정적인 사회적 연결감과 의인화의 인과관계를 밝히는 심리학 모델로 깊은 자기개방의 의인화 효과에 대한 친밀감의 매개효과를 탐색했다. 더 나아가 대인 특성이 적용된 에이전트 사용 경험이 긍정적으로 나타나는 데 친밀감과 의인화가 어떻게 관여하는지 탐구했다. 연구 결과, 자기개방 깊이가 깊을수록 에이전트가 더 친밀하고 사람답게 지각됐으며, 사용자 경험이 더 긍정적이었다. 그리고 자기개방 깊이가 의인화와 긍정적인 사용자 경험에 미치는 영향을 친밀감이 완전히 매개하였다. 이는 사람이 사회적 단서를 가지는 대상에 사회적으로 반응하기 때문에 대인 특성이 반영된 컴퓨터가 의인화되고 사용자 경험이 긍정적으로 나타난다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 CASA 패러다임과 의인화 연구의 간극을 좁히며 인간과 컴퓨터의 상호작용 원리에 대한 심리학적 설명 가능성을 시사한다. 그리고 의인화와 긍정적인 사용자 경험의 기제를 밝히며 CASA 패러다임에서 강조하는 사회적 반응 즉, 친밀감의 중요성을 강조하고 이를 바탕으로 실용적인 대화 전략 정보를 제공한다. This study was conducted to establish a correct understanding of the Computers Are Social Actors(CASA) paradigm by distinguishing between social response and anthropomorphism, and to reveal the mechanisms of anthropomorphism and positive user experience. This study borrowed the approach of the CASA paradigm. The intimacy-forming and anthropomorphizing effects of deep self-disclosure in interpersonal relationship were replicated in the relationship between human and conversational agents to induce both social response and anthropomorphism. Then, the mediating effect of intimacy on the anthropomorphizing effect of deep self-disclosure was explored with two psychological models that showed the causal relationship between positive social connection, which is intimacy, and anthropomorphism. Furthermore, we explored how intimacy and anthropomorphism affect the positive user experience. The results showed the deeper the self-disclosure depth was, the more intimately and humanly the agent was perceived, and the more positive the user experience was. In addition, the effects of self-disclosure depth on anthropomorphism and positive user experience were completely mediated by intimacy. This means when using the computers with human characteristics, people anthropomorphize them and have positive experiences because people react socially to the objects with social cues. This study narrows the gap between the CASA paradigm and anthropomorphism researches and suggests the possibility of psychological explanation about the principle of human-computer interaction. Moreover, it explains the mechanism of triggering anthropomorphism and positive user experience, emphasizing the importance of social response, that is, intimacy. Then, it provides practical discourse strategic information.

질의 문장 분류를 위한 문장 구조 특성 기반 GAN-BERT 모델

이다영 동국대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내석사

질의문장 분류의 목적은 자연어 처리 과제인 QA에서 원하는 답을 빠르게 찾고 대답하는 것이다. 질문이 어느 범주에 있는지 미리 알고 있으면 더 잘 대답할 수 있다. 트랜스포머 기반 BERT가 등장하면서 텍스트 문맥적 의미를 파악하는 자연어 모델이 나왔다. 이러한 자연어 모델에서는 단어 간의 상황적 의미는 충분히 파악될 수 있다. 이에 BERT를 이용하여 질의 문장 분류를 수행해 왔다. 하지만 BERT는 지도 학습 모델로서, 정답과 같은 라벨이 붙은 데이터를 사용하여 학습을 진행하기 때문에 학습에 활용할 수 있는 데이터에 한계가 있다는 문제가 있다. 따라서 적은 양의 라벨이 붙은 데이터로도 학습을 진행하여 BERT보다 성능을 향상 시킨 GAN-BERT를 통한 질의문장 분류 모델이 등장하였다. 그러나 BERT 같은 언어 모델 단독으로는 문장의 구조적 정보를 파악하기가 쉽지 않다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 의존성 파싱을 사용하여 문장의 문법 구조를 파악한 정보를 추가하여 GAN-BERT의 성능을 높이고자 한다. BERT에서 누락된 문장의 구조적 정보를 그래프로 표현하여 GAN-BERT 입력으로 제공함으로써 GAN-BERT 모델의 한계를 보완해줄 수 있는 문장 구조 특성 기반 질의 문장 분류 모델을 제안한다. The purpose of question and sentence classification is to quickly find and answer the desired answer to the question in QA, a natural language processing task. Knowing that questions are in which category in advance can answer them faster. With the appearance of Transformer-based BERT, a natural language model that understands the context in which text and text literally means came out. Grammar and semantic relationships can be sufficiently known in these natural language models. However, the information of the language model BERT alone lacks information on the structure of the sentence. Dependency Parsing is a method that includes the grammar structure of a sentence. Dependency Parsing is a method of solving the structural ambiguity of a sentence by grasping the grammatical structure of the sentence and finding the relationship between each word. This study proposes a GAN-BERT model based on sentence structure characteristics for query sentence classification that improved the performance of question classification by giving the expression of the structural information of the sentence missing in BERT as a graph expression by GAN-BERT input.

Analysis of motor-cycle impact data using kernel regression : 커널 회귀 분석을 이용한 모터 사이클 충격 자료 분석

이다영 서울대학교 대학원 2003 국내박사

RNA-seq을 이용한 소나무(Pinus densiflora)의 구과 발달 과정에서 전사체 분석 및 개화 조절 유전자 탐색

이다영 서울대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

In the case of seed plants, flowering is an essential process for survival and reproduction, and various genetic changes occur during the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Compared to angiosperms, in which studies on various flowering regulatory genes have been conducted, research in coniferous species is lacking. Increasing the expression of the flowering control genes in conifers will increase cone production, induce early flowering, and accelerate tree breeding program. In this study, samples were collected from the reproductive organs of Pinus densiflora, and then a reference transcriptome of P. densiflora was generated using RNA-seq data. The transcriptomes were compared and analyzed for each reproductive organ, and biological and physiological characteristics and flowering control genes of P. densiflora were identified. Seven candidate genes for flowering regulatory (Pinus densiflora APETALA2-LIKE(PdAP2L), DEFICIENTS AGAMOUS-LIKE(PdDAL), MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE1 AGAMOUS DEFICIENS SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR 1(PdMADSI), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1(PdSOC1), SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 3(PdSPL3), UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS(PdUFO), WUSCHE(PdWUS)) were found in P. densiflora. And these genes were expressed not only in the apex and the female cones, but also in various vegetative organs. In the future, it will be possible to extract the exact nucleotide sequence of each candidate gene and verify its function through transformation. Finally, it is expected that various flowering control genes of P. densiflora can be registered in public databases. 종자식물에게 개화 현상은 생존과 번식을 위해 필수적인 과정이며, 영양생장에서 생식생장으로의 전환 과정에는 다양한 유전적 변화가 발생한다. 다양한 개화 조절 유전자에 대한 연구가 이루어진 속씨식물과 비교했을 때, 겉씨식물인 침엽수의 경우에는 해당 연구가 부족한 상황이다. 침엽수에서 개화 조절 유전자의 발현을 증가시킨다면 구과 생산량이 증가할 것이며, 조기 개화를 유도한다면 육종 속도를 가속화함으로써 이른 차대검정이 가능할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 소나무(Pinus densiflora)의 생식기관별로 RNA를 추출한 뒤, RNA-seq 데이터를 이용하여 소나무의 표준전사체를 생성하였다. 그리고 기관별로 전사체를 비교 분석하여 소나무 암구과 및 수구과 발달의 생물학적 및 생리적 특성과 개화 조절 유전자를 탐색하였다. 본 연구결과에서 7종류(Pinus densiflora APETALA2-LIKE(PdAP2L), DEFICIENTS AGAMOUS-LIKE(PdDAL), MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE1 AGAMOUS DEFICIENS SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR 1(PdMADSI), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1(PdSOC1), SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 3(PdSPL3), UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS(PdUFO), WUSCHE(PdWUS))의 후보 개화 조절 유전자를 발견하였으며, 해당 유전자들은 정단과 암구과뿐만 아니라 다양한 영양기관에서도 발현하였다. 추후 후보 유전자들의 정확한 서열을 추출하여 형질전환을 통해 그 기능을 검증할 수 있을 것이다. 최종적으로 소나무의 다양한 개화 조절 유전자들을 공개 데이터베이스에 등록 가능할 것이라 기대한다.

Corporate governance mechanisms and corporate behaviors

이다영 서울대학교 대학원 2013 국내박사

This thesis explores the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate behaviors such as exploration, R&D spending and corporate social responsibilities. The first article explores the relationship between corporate governance institutions and exploration in North American electronics, communications and semi - conductor industries. The significance of the first article is that while there is ample research done on the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and innovation in total, there is not enough research done on corporate governance institutions and exploration (VS exploitation). Thus in this article, the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on exploration, which is based on agency theory, is investigated. The second article researches the relationship between corporate governance tools and R&D intensity in Korean manufacturing firms listed on the stock market. The significance of the second article is that it investigates the effects of large family shareholders, affiliates, domestics and foreign institutional investors on R&D investment, especially in the Korean setting where the conflicts of interests between majority and minority shareholders are much more salient than in the North American setting. The third article discusses the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) which is based on stakeholder theory and is observed in Korean manufacturing firms listed on the stock market and are in the top 200 KEJI (Korean Economic Justice Institute) index and. The significance of the third article is that it investigates the Korean market with the composite KEJI index. 본 논문은 기업 지배구조 메커니즘과 탐사, 연구개발지출 및 기업의 사회적 책임과 같은 기업 행동과의 상관관계를 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 제 1장은 북미 전자, 통신 및 반도체 산업을 대상으로 기업지배구조가 탐사에 미치는 영향을 연구한다. 제 1장은 기존 연구가 기업지배구조 메커니즘과 혁신에 관한 일반적인 상관관계는 충분히 연구하고 있지만, 기업지배구조와 탐사에 관한 연구는 충분히 하고 있지 않아 그 연결고리를 잊는다는데 그 의미가 있다. 그리하여 본 장에서는, 대리인 이론을 기반으로 하여 기업 지배구조가 탐사에 미치는 효과에 대해 연구한다. 제 2장에서는 한국의 상장제조기업을 대상으로 기업지배구조 툴과 연구개발 강도 간의 상관관계에 대해 조사한다. 특히, 제 2장에서는 소액주주와 지배주주간의 이해상충이 북미보다 훨씬 두드러지게 나타나는 한국에서 가족 지분율, 관계회사, 국내외 기관투자자가 연구개발 투자에 미치는 영향들에 대해 연구하여 의미가 깊다. 제 3장에서는 이해 당사자 이론을 기반으로 한 기업지배 메커니즘과 기업의 사회적 책임의 상관관계에 대해 논의하며, 한국의 경제정의지수(Korea Economic Justice Institute - KEJI) 상위 200위에 해당하는 상장제조기업들에 대해 관찰한다. 제 3장은 종합경제지수(KEJI)와 한국시장에 관해 연구하는데 그 의의를 둔다.

Functional conservation of MoCRZ1 in Magnaporthe oryzae and its orthologs in Fusarium graminearum and Neurospora crassa

이다영 서울대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

Calcium signaling is one of the most common and important signal transduction cascades present in any living organism and is said to be highly conserved in throughout evolution. In Magnaporthe oryzae, a rice blast pathogen, calcium signaling pathway is required for conidiation and infection-related development, which contributes to the pathogenicity of the fungus. M. oryzae calcineurin-responsive zinc finger 1 (MoCRZ1) is involved in the calcium-dependent signaling pathway of M. oryzae, which acts as a transcription factor. Deletion mutants of MoCRZ1 (∆Mocrz1) showed drastic reduction in conidiation, hypersensitivity to calcium and cell membrane destabilizing agents as well as dramatic reduction in virulence. In this study, the orthologs of MoCRZ1 in Fusarium graminearum (FgCRZ1) and Neurospora crassa (NcCRZ1) were identified using BLASTP. Domain analyses showed that FgCRZ1 and NcCRZ1, possess one calcineurin-docking domain and two C2H2 zinc finger domains, similar to MoCRZ1, suggesting that the orthologs interact with calcineurin and that they are transcription factors involved in calcium signaling. Transformations of FgCRZ1 or NcCRZ1 into ∆Mocrz1 complemented ∆Mocrz1 defects in conidiation, appresorial turgor generation and eventually restored the virulence of nearly non-pathogenic ∆Mocrz1. Both FgCRZ1 and NcCRZ1 were able to suppress the calcium sensitivity of ∆Mocrz1, however, only ΔMocrz1::NcCRZ1 was able to resist the cell wall disturbing agent (Congo red) and only ΔMocrz1::FgCRZ1 was tolerant to cell membrane destabilizing agent (SDS), showing selective complementation of cell wall and membrane stress intolerant phenotype of ∆Mocrz1. Taken altogether, these results suggest that FgCRZ1 and NcCRZ1 are calcineurin-responsive zinc finger transcription factors in F. graminearum and N. crassa, respectively, which are highly conserved despite of the differences of in lifestyle from which they belong, and could substitute the major roles of MoCRZ1 in conidiation, calcium sensitivity and virulence.