토지·주택 건설부문 공공기관의 온실가스 배출량 관리방안 고찰

이기홍,유정현,임주호,전선정,Lee, Ki-Hong,Yoo, Jung-Hyun,Rhim, Joo-Ho,Jeon, Seon-Jeong 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2011 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.2 No.3

본 연구에서는 토지 주택 건설부문의 공공기관들에 적합한 온실가스 관리방안을 제시하였다. 토지 주택 건설부문 공공기관들에서 시행하는 사업들은 공공성과 복합성이라는 특징을 갖게 된다. 이러한 사업특성을 반영하여 온실가스 관리영역 및 감축목표를 설정하고 온실가스 관리시스템을 구축하는 방안이 필요하다. 토지 주택 건설부문 공공기관들의 사업들은 대부분 사회기간시설들을 건설하는 것이므로 온실가스 저감노력을 모두 계량화하기가 어렵다. 따라서 온실가스를 계량부문과 비계량부문으로 구분하여 체계적으로 관리하는 방안이 적합함을 제시하였다. 온실가스 배출량 관리방안의 구체적 모델로서 한국토지주택공사의 사업 분야를 대상으로 종합적인 온실가스 배출량 관리방안을 예시하였다. This study was aimed to suggest a management strategy of GHG emissions for the public organizations in land and housing costruction sector. As public organizations' businesses are characterized as 'public' and 'comprehensive', these characteristics should be considered in scoping emissions, setting-up reduction target, building GHG inventory, and establishing management system. Since public organizations' activities in construction sector involve a wide range of social infrastructure construction projects, it is not easy to account their actions to reduce GHG emissions quantitatively. Therefore, this study suggested that a twofold approach is suitable for public organizations in construction area, classifying the measurable reductions and the immeasurable actions according to the their business characteristics. To give a concrete example, a GHG emission management system for the Korea Land and Housing Corporation (LH) was proposed.

도재전장금관을 위한 코핑의 변형에 관한 연구

이기홍,정헌영,이선형,양재호,Lee, Ki-Hong,Chung, Hun-Young,Lee, Sun-Hyung,Yang, Jae-Ho 대한치과보철학회 1997 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Ceramometal crowns are common restorations in fixed prosthodontics because of their casting accuracy, the high strength properties of the metal, and the cosmetic appearance of porcelain. However, deterioration of the initial fit of the metal coping has been observed after the porcelain firing cycle. The distortion due to repeated firing makes it difficult to fit crown margin and elicits microleakage. The major causes of distortion are the residual stress that accumulate during wax-up, casting, cold work and the induced stress caused by the mismatch of porcelain-metal thermal contraction. This study examined the marginal fit changes of metal copings in relation to repeated firing and the effects of heat treatment that reduce the distortion resulted from residual stress. The marginal changes of the copings that were treated with conventional method and those treated with heat before repeated firing, were evaluated. The metal die which represented preparations of a maxillary central incisor was fabricated, and 45 wax patterns were cast with nonprecious metal alloys. The heat treatment of each group was performed as follows. Group 1(control) : Casting - Devesting - Cold work - Firing Group 2 : Casting - Heat treatment - Devesting - Cold work - Firing Group 3 : Casting - Devesting - Cold work - Reinvesting - Heat treatment - Devesting - Firing The copings were fired 3 times. After each firing, the marginal fit changes were measured with inverted metallurgical microscope at the 4 reference points located at labial, lingual, and both proximal surface. Measurements were compared, and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows ; 1. In all groups, the highest value of marginal fit changes of the copings studied were found after the first firing cycle. 2. When the distortion of each experimental group at the first firing cycle were compared, group 1 exhibited the greatest changes($20-27{\mu}m$), followed by group 2($9-13{\mu}m$), and group 3($8-10{\mu}m$). 3. The copings treated with heat before devesting(group 2) revealed significantly smaller marginal fit changes than the copings treated with conventional method(group 1). (p<0.01) 4. The copings treated with heat after reinvesting(group 3) revealed significantly smaller marginal fit changes than the copings treated with conventional method(group 1). (p<0.01) 5. No siginificant differences in marginal fit changes were found between the copings treated with heat before devesting(group 2) and the copings treated with heat after reinvesting(group 3). (p>0.01)

CAD/CAM 3-unit bridges의 변연 적합도에 관한 연구

이기홍,여인성,김성훈,한중석,이재봉,양재호,Lee, Ki-Hong,Yeo, In-Sung,Kim, Sung-Hun,Han, Jung-Suk,Lee, Jai-Bong,Yang, Jae-Ho 대한치과보철학회 2011 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.49 No.2

연구 목적: 본 연구에서는CAD/CAM (computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing) 시스템으로 제작된LAVA (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) 3-unit bridge와 통상적인 방법으로 제작된 PFG 3-unit bridge의 변연 적합도를 비교 분석해 보고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 레진치를 전부 도재관을 위한 삭제를 시행하고 인상 채득하여 레진 모형 (Exakto-form model resin, Bredent, Senden, Germany)을군당10개씩 제작하였다. 레진 모형의 인상을 채득하여 석고 모형을 제작하고 PFG, LAVA 3-unit bridge를 10개씩 제작하였다. 제작된 bridge를 레진 모형에 접착하고 실체 현미경(Stereoscopic microscope, Nikon DS-Fi 1, Nikon, Japan)을 사용하여 각 치아당 4점에서 변연 적합도를 측정하였다 (${\times}75$). 측정된 결과는 independent t-test로 통계 분석하였다 (${\alpha}$ = 0.05). 결과: 각 군에서 변연 적합도의 평균과 표준편차는 PFG bridge 중절치에서는 $97.1{\pm}18.7\;{\mu}m$, 견치에서는 $76.6{\pm}21.8\;{\mu}m$, LAVA bridge 중절치에서는 $90.4{\pm}26.7\;{\mu}m$, 견치에서는$110.2{\pm}30.2\;{\mu}m$ 이었다. PFG 3-unit bridge와LAVA 3-unit bridge에서 중절치에서는 통계적 유의성이 없었고, 견치에서는LAVA의 변연 간격이 큰 것으로 나타났다 (P<.05). 결론: PFG 3-unit bridge와 LAVA 3-unit bridge 두 군 모두 임상적으로 받아들여질 만한 변연 적합도를 보였다. The purpose of this study was to assess the marginal fit of three-unit bridges produced using LAVA CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) system and conventional PFG in vitro. Materials and methods: #11, 13 resin teeth were prepared on dentiform, then duplicated. Twenty resin models were fabricated, ten for PFG 3-unit bridges and ten for LAVA 3-unit bridges. Each bridge was cemented on the resin model. Marginal discrepancy was measured with stereoscopic microscope (Nikon DS-Fi 1, Nikon, Japan) at a magnification of ${\times}75$. Independent t-test was done for the statistical analysis. Results: The mean marginal discrepancy values and standard deviations of the PFG bridges was $97.1{\pm}18.7\;{\mu}m$ for incisors, $76.6{\pm}21.8\;{\mu}m$ for canines; that of the LAVA bridges was $90.4{\pm}26.7\;{\mu}m$ for incisor, $110.2{\pm}30.2\;{\mu}m$ for canines. The mean marginal discrepancy between PFG and LAVA for incisor did not show significant difference (P<.05). But for canine, the mean marginal discrepancy of PFG bridges was smaller than that of LAVA bridges (P<.05). Conclusion: The LAVA CAD/CAM 3-unit bridges and the PFG 3-unit bridges showed clinically acceptable marginal discrepancy.

사회연구에서 가추와 역행추론의 방법

이기홍 ( Ki Hong Lee ) 한국사회사학회 2008 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.80

모든 과학이 일반적인 주장을 한다는 점에는 이견이 있지만, 사회과학적 지식에 대해서도 상이한 상황에서 그 지식이 상황을 이해하고 실천들을 안내해주기를 기대한다. 그리고 사회과학도 이런 의미의 일반적 지식을 획득하고자 노력해 왔다. 개별적인 것과 일반적인 것을 연관지으면서 사용하는 여러 가지 추리와 논증의 절차 즉 추론양식들은 과학적 추리의 구조와 논리적 전제조건의 중심부분이며, 그러므로 과학적 방법의 핵심이다. 정통 사회과학철학은 귀납과 연역의 방법을 과학적 방법으로 간주해 왔고 다수의 사회과학자들은 여전히 그 방법을 확고히 지키고 있다. 그렇지만 이 두 방법은 경험적 결과를 설명해줄, 그리고 과학이 발견하고자 노력하는 인과적 힘과 발생기제에 대한 지식을 산출할 수 없다. 이것들을 탐구하기 위하여 우리는 경험적 영역에서 실재적 영역으로 창조적으로 도약함으로써 경험적 결과를 설명하고자 하는 가설형성 과정에서 작동하는 가추의 방법과 실재적 영역에서 경험적 영역으로 되돌아가는 것이 의해 실재적 원인과 경험적 결과 사이의 필연적이고 우연적인 관계들을 검사하는 역행추론의 방법을 사용한다. 과학에서 네가지 추론양식들은 혼합되고 순환적으로 상호작용하지만 가추와 역행추론이 핵심적인 역할을 수행한다. 생산적이고 결실있는 사회과학 탐구를 위해서는 이들 추론양식들을 능숙하게 구사해야 한다. It may seem controversial to assume that all science should have generalizing claims. But it is expected for scientific knowledge to inform the our practices in many different situations. This provers that a worthy science should involve general knowledge, and social sciences has always endeavored to attain some form of general knowledge. Various procedures of reasoning and arguing applied when we relate the particular to the general, modes of inference constitute central parts of the structure and logical preconditions of scientific reasoning and thus the core of the scientific method. Method of induction and method of deduction have been regarded by orthodox philosophy of social science as the scientific method and still followed firmly by many social scientists, But both methods that run between the empirical results and the empirical regularities could not produce the knowledge about the causal powers and the generative mechanisms which would explain the empirical results and sciences seek to discovery. To explore them, we apply the method of abduction which operates in forming hypotheses in order to explain empirical results by the creative leap from the empirical domain to the real domain and the method of retroduction which control the necessary and contingent relations between real causes and empirical results by backtracking of ‘retro’ form the real domain to the empirical domain. The abduction and the retroduction play crucial role, though four modes of inference are mixed and interplay recursively in science. And for the productive and fruitful social scientific inquiry, it is necessary to have a command of those modes of inference skillfully.

우수 알파인 스키선수의 회전 경기 시 부위별 관절각도 분석

이기홍(Lee, Ki-Hong),전용균(Jeon, Yong-Kyun) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This study was to find out analysis of specific angle of joint on elite alpine skier"s during slalom event. Original fitness according to performance level of the national representative top ranked alpine skiers and study was to make use of the finding for the purpose of upgrading alpine skiers fitness training and evaluation. The surveyed of the test include top 1~3 rankers of the national representative team and its candidate group of 4~7 rankings. The groups were divided into two groups; national ski team and the university ski team. For measurement of biomechanical was time, angle of knee joint and angle of hip joint. According to results, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. measurement of biomechanical was to time the group who attained a higher level of performance at the competitions had a slow. 2. angle of knee joint(left · right) was the group who attained a higher level of performance at the competitions had a larger angle of elongate. angle of knee joint(left · right) was the group who attained a higher level of performance at the competitions had a small angle of elongate. 3. angle of hip joint(left · right) was the group who attained a higher level of performance at the competitions had a larger angle of elongate. angle of hip joint(left · right) was the group who attained a higher level of performance at the competitions had a small angle of elongate.

설명적 사회학과 글쓰기

이기홍(Lee Ki-hong) 한국사회학회 2006 韓國社會學 Vol.40 No.6

사회학의 논문들은 전형적으로 가설연역적 방법의 연구절차를 문자적으로 재현하는 형식을 취한다. 이것은 가설연역적 방법이 오랫동안 표준적인 과학적 방법으로 사회학 연구를 지배해 왔기 때문일 것이다. 그렇지만 가설연역적 방법은 과학적 탐구과정의 극히 일부분에서만 사용되는 형식논리적 절차로서, 특히 전제에 대한 가공과 변형만을 허용함으로써 사회현실을 해명하는 새로운 견해의 창출을 제약하기 때문에 충실하고 적절한 과학적 방법이라고 할 수 없다. 협약주의 과학철학자들은 이미 1960년대부터 이론의 경험의존성 명제 및 이론의 경험적 미결정성 명제를 제출하면서 가설연역적 방법의 성립불가능성을 지적해 왔다. 따라서 가설연역적 방법의 과학적 방법으로서의 지위에 근거를 두고 실행되는 사회학의 전형적인 글쓰기 형식은, 사실상 그 기초가 취약한 것이다. 과학활동의 핵심은 경험에 대한 설명이며, 과학적 방법이란 경험을 발생시킨 것으로 추정되는 실재, 즉 실체들과 과정들을 찾아내려는 시도 속에서 나타나는 다양하고 창조적인 사유능력의 훈련되고 합리적으로 통제된 활용을 묶어서 부르는 이름인 것이다. 그리고 사회학의 글쓰기도, 저명한 저작들에 대한 분석에서 확인되듯, 경험에서 출발하여 실재로 나아가거나 실재에서 출발하여 경험으로 나아가면서 경험과 실재를 연결짓는 것이 적절한 형식이다. This study examines the typical form of sociological writings which reproduces the research process of hypothetico-deductive method literally. This positivisminspired method has dominated research practices in sociology for several decades as standard scientific method. But it is used in a small part of the whole scientific inquiry. Especially, this formal logical procedure allows only to process and transform the promises so that restrict researcher not to proceed to create the new idea which explains social reality. And conventionalists' theory-ladenness thesis and Duhem-Quine’s underdetermination thesis have pointed that H-D method does not work and scientific practices do not follow it. So there is no solid foundation for the typical form, influences of which are grounded on H-D method as the scientific method. Scientific practices can be characterized as pursuit of a plausible explanation for experiences. Scientific method designates all the disciplined and rationally controlled uses of various creative thoughts that operate in seeking to postulate the realities, i.e. entities and processes generating phenomena. And as distinguished sociological works show, adequate form of sociological writings is, by proceeding from experiences to realities or reverse, connecting them.

추상화

이기홍(Lee, Ki-Hong) 강원대학교 사회과학연구원 2003 사회과학연구 Vol.42 No.-

Oak Moss에 의한 접촉 피부염

이기홍(Ki Hong Lee),명기범(Ki Bum Myung) 대한피부과학회 1992 대한피부과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Oak moss is a lichen extract obtained from Evernia prunastri and Pseudovernia furfuracea. It is the potent,ial allergen in contact dermatitis to perfumes. Sensitivity to oak moss has been atributed mainly to atranorin, evernic acid, usnic acid and fumarprotocetraric acid. We report a 44-year-old female patient presenting with features of contact dermatitis due to oak moss in perfumes. Patch test results revealed positive reactions to fragrance mix, oak moss, atranorin and evernic acid. (Kor J Dermatol 1992; 30(3): 377-380)

사회과학에서 생산성 그리고 구상과 실행의 분리

이기홍(Lee Ki-hong) 비판사회학회 2008 경제와 사회 Vol.- No.77

시장 논리의 지배에 따른 업적 관리의 강조는 학진의 학술지 등재제도와 결합하여 연구의 양적 증가를 낳고 있다. 하지만 구미의 이론을 수입하여 통계기법을 사용하여 시험하는 방법을 과학적 방법으로 이해하고 과학적 노동과정에서 구상은 포기하고 실행에 몰두하는 한국의 사회과학계에서 연구의 양적 증가는 학문의 발전과 무관하다. 오히려 전문용어와 복합한 기법의 사용은 학문공동체 내부의 분절 그리고 사회과학과 사회의 단절이라는 결과를 가져와 사회과학의 논의를 그들만의 리그로 만들고 있다. 그리고 이것은 사회과학을 납득할 수 없는 것으로, 나아가 사회 자체를 납득할 수 없는 것으로 만들면서, 기존의 질서를 변동 불가능한 것으로 인식시키는 이데올로기 효과를 수반한다. 그러므로 이 연구는 생산성 향상에 몰두하는 연구자들에게 ‘이것이 사회과학인가’를 질문한다. The emphasis of achievements management followed from the supremacy of logic of market, combined with the registration system of academic journal of KRF, results in quantitative growth of papers. However this growth has nothing to do with the development of social science in Korea where most of researchers are devoted to the 'execution' in labour processes of scientific work and renounce the 'conception' because testing the hypothesis deduced from existing theories of western social sciences by statistical techniques is considered to be scientific method. Rather, uses of jargons and complicated techniques produce academic community's segment and break off the it's relations with everyday-life, so make academy 'it's own league'. This make social science unintelligible and therefore society unintelligible. Ideological effects accompanied are recognition that the established order can not be changed. So. I would like to ask researcher devoted to increase his productivity a question that 'is this social science?'

증례 : 알레르기 ; Cefotiam 접촉에 의한 아나필락시스 1예

이기홍 ( Ki Hong Lee ),최인선 ( In Seon Choi ),이우진 ( Woo Jin Lee ),강승지 ( Seung Ji Kang ),정혜경 ( Hye Kyeong Jeong ) 대한내과학회 2009 대한내과학회지 Vol.76 No.1S