施設保護兒童의 自立支援活動 實態에 關한 硏究 : 서울地域 兒童福祉施設을 中心으로

이기필 延世大學校 行政大學院 2003 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 시설 아동의 자립지원활동 실태 및 퇴소전 아동들의 자립에 대한 인식을 파악하고 개선방안을 모색하는데 있다. 이를 통해 자립지원 프로그램 활동이 질적으로 개선되고 자립프로그램의 활성화에 기여할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구 대상자는 아동복지시설에 거주하고 있는 아동과 퇴소자 아동이며, 자료는 2002년 9월 15일에서 9월 30일까지 서울 지역소재 아동복지시설에서 생활하고 있는 중·고등학생 249명을 대상으로 그들의 개인 관련(성별, 학년, 부모생존유무, 취업경험), 입소 관련(입소배경)과 시설 관련 변수(시설만족도)를 자기 보고식 설문지를 이용하여 수집한 249부를 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSSWIN 10.0프로그램에 의하여 전산처리 되었으며 응답자의 일반적 특성과 시설생활 실태를 살펴보기 위해 빈도와 백분율을 산출하였고, 아동의 개인관련변수, 입소관련변수, 시설관련변수에 따른 자립지원 실태와 인식의 차이를 살펴보기 위해 교차분석을 적용하였다. 이상의 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시설아동의 자립지원 실태에 대해 살펴본 결과 진로지도 및 관련상담, 성과 결혼에 관한 교육, 사회지지 및 여가활동 이용, 건강관리에 대해서는 운영하는 비율이 높게 나타났으며 이들에 대한 만족도는 '그저 그렇다' 의 의견이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 응답자의 일반적인 특성변인에 따른 자립지원실태에 대한 인식결과를 살펴보면 성별, 학년, 부모생존여부, 입소배경, 취업경험, 시설만족도에 따라 자립지원실태에 대해 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 응답자의 일반적인 특성변인에 따른 자립지원 프로그램의 활성화에 대한 인식결과를 살펴보면 성별, 학년, 부모생존여부, 입소배경, 취업경험, 시설 만족도에 대해 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 시설청소년 퇴소자들의 실태에 대한 결과는 대부분 취업을 하지 않은 것으로 나타났으며 자립지원금의 사용용도는 대부분 거주지 마련이었으며 정부자립금에 대한 의견으로는 대부분 '부족하다'의 의견이 많았다. 본 연구의 조사결과에 기초하여 결론을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시설아동의 자립지원 실태에서 프로그램 수준이 보다 체계화되면서 앞으로 보다 강화되어야 할 것이다. 특히 취업을 원하는 학생들중 과반수이상의 경우에 취업준비를 위해서 퇴소계획 프로그램이 체계적으로 마련되어 있지 않아 앞으로 퇴소 준비 프로그램이 보다 강화되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 취업을 위한 기술교육을 강화하고 취업에 관련된 정보제공을 보다 확대해야 할 것이다. 또한 아동의 적성과 흥미가 중요하므로 취업준비와 관련하여 아동 개개인의 적성을 파악하고 이에 맞게 지원해 주어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 자립지원에 대한 인식에서 시설아동들은 대부분 안정적인 거주지마련의 필요성을 강하게 느끼고 있었으며 실제 지급되는 자립지원금에 대해 부족하다고 인식하였다. 따라서 이를 해결하기 위해 시설에서 퇴소하더라도 중간시설을 설치하여 전세 거처의 제공이 이루어져야 하며, 자립지원금을 확대할 필요성이 있겠다. 넷째, 퇴소를 하는 학생들중에는 취업이외에 진학을 고려하는 학생들도 있다. 이들에 대해서는 대학교육을 위해 특별 융자금을 지원하는 제도가 마련되어야 할 것이다. 또한 퇴소아동의 자립을 안정화시키기 위해서 정부의 퇴소아동들을 위한 자립지원금을 현실적인 수준에서 확대화시키는 현실적인 과제가 시급하다. 끝으로 프로그램 및 정책 차원에서의 노력과 더불어 자립준비를 다양한 측면에서 보다 정확히 측정할 수 있는 측정도구의 개발이 이루어져야 할 것이며, 향후 연구에서는 지리적 특성을 고려하여 전국적으로 시설아동과 퇴소자를 대상으로 연구가 이루어지기를 기대한다. The purpose of study is to find what self-support activities for children in welfare centers and what children perceive self-support before leaving the center and to seek its improvement. With the results, it is to provide basic data that will be available for the qualificative improvements and promotions of self-support programs. Subjects were children who either have lived in or left the welfare centers, and data was collected from September 15 to September 30, 2002 with 249 middle & high school students, who are in child welfare centers, Seoul, using self-reporting questionnaires to find personal-(sex, grade, parents beings, job experience), admission-(background), the center-related(facility satisfaction) variables. The collected 249 questionnaires was analyzed. A SPSSWIN 10.0 program was used for data analysis, with frequency and percentage finding the general characteristics and conditions of the center living, and cross-analysis was applied to find the difference in children's perceived self-support conditions by personal variables, admission variables, facility variables. The findings is summarized as follows; First, regarding the realities of self-support activities for children in the centers, it is found to be highly conducted career guidances and related counseling, education in sex and marriage, use of social supports and leisure activities, and health cares, showing children's 'so-so' satisfaction. Second, regarding children's perceived self-support activities by general characteristics, there is differences in their perception of self-support activities by sex, grade, parent beings, background, job experience, and facility satisfaction. Third, regarding children's perceived self-support programs by general variables, there are differences by sex, grade, parent beings, background, job experience, and facility satisfaction. Fourth, regarding the realities of the youth going out of centers, most of them is found not to have a job, using self-support subsidy mainly for a place to live. Also, most said that government subsidy does not enough. Based on the findings, it is concluded as follows; First, it need to have self-support programs for children in welfare centers more organized and enhanced. Especially, preparation programs for discharge have to be more enhanced because a majority of the youth, who want to have a job, have experienced the lack of employment programs. Second, it need to increase technical skills for employment and provide more its related information. Also, considering the aptitude and interest of a child, it has to support children in relation to their employment accordingly. Third, for children's perceived self-support, it is found that they consider the need of stable home and the lack of self-support subsidy actually paid. To settle these, it need to have temporary facilities in which the discharged youth can live, and to expand self-support subsidy further. Fourth, some of the discharged youth is found to consider going to schools rather than having a job. For those who want to study, it need to arrange a special loan system for admissions to the University. Besides, it is urgent to increase self-support subsidy to the realistic levels to make the discharged children's self-support stable. Finally, it requires the development of a tool with accuracy measuring various aspects of children's self-support as well as supporting from programs and policies. It is considered that future studies will be performed with children in and out of welfare centers on a national scale and geographical conditions.

건설공사의 안전 관련법 개선에 관한 연구

이기필 경상국립대학교 융합과학기술대학원 2024 국내석사

Looking at the recent status of accidents, the number of industrial accident deaths in Korea has been continuously decreasing from 992 in 2014 to 855 in 2020 (11% decrease), but the number of accident deaths in the construction industry has declined from 434 to 458 (5.5% increase). The construction industry accounts for more than 50% of all industrial accident deaths. The causes of construction accidents are very diverse, such as the complexity and enlargement of structures due to urban development, insolvent construction and bidding system problems due to low-cost bidding, application of new technologies and new construction methods, and inadequate systems that do not reflect construction site conditions. This study compares and analyzes the contents of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Construction Technology Promotion Act, which are representative laws of construction safety management, and seeks to find problems and improvement measures. The first problem is that the Occupational Safety and Health Act marks the construction industry among the entire industries in the law, paying attention to safety management of construction works, and reinforcing the safety management of construction works and supplementing the Occupational Safety and Health Act through the enactment of the Construction Technology Promotion Act. Due to the overlapping part, it takes time to understand the safety management contents of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Construction Technology Promotion Act. In addition, there are many foreigners in recent construction workers, which makes it difficult to understand and implement the contents of the law in Korean. Second, the departments in charge of the two laws are set up by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, respectively, which lacks efficiency. Third, the two laws have overlapping content, as each law separately stipulates similar tasks for the safety management organization and education at the construction site. Fourth, because risk assessment and safety review are separately conducted by the two laws, consistency and efficiency are insufficient. The Occupational Safety and Health Act prescribes risk assessment and confirmation before or during construction, and safety accident management. The Construction Technology Promotion Act implements a system to remove risk factors before construction by conducting safety reviews when designing construction works. Since the risk assessment and safety review conducted by the two laws are carried out by each of the two departments, feedback for safety management is difficult and consistent measures are difficult when problems arise, so it is judged that the efficiency of the results obtained by implementing the system for safety management is insufficient. Fifth, it takes a lot of time to implement the administrative procedure, as it is necessary to obtain approval of a hazard prevention plan and safety management plan with similar contents from each of the two organizations. Sixth, systematic and efficient cost execution is difficult due to the dualization of safety management costs. Occupational safety and health management costs in the Occupational Safety and Health Act are calculated by multiplying the construction cost by a certain rate according to the size of the construction, and the safety management costs in the Construction Technology Promotion Act are required to account for the cost required for safety management. The safety management costs stipulated in both laws can be sufficiently duplicated and executed, which is an obstacle to the efficient use of the budget. As an improvement plan, for effective safety management of construction works, the department in charge is unified with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and the laws are integrated with the Construction Technology Promotion Act.If the accident rate and death rate are similar to the entire industry, safety management in all industrial fields It is reasonable to transfer to the Ministry of Employment and Labor, which is in charge of the job, and take charge of overall industrial safety management. Secondly, it is necessary to integrate the laws and regulations into one, and for detailed information, a plan is needed to make use of the strengths of the construction work safety management of the two laws and to compensate for the shortcomings. 1) The safety management organization follows the name and composition specified in the “Integration Guidelines for Hazard Risk Prevention and Safety Management Plan, 2007” of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. 2) Education is prepared by integrating the contents of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Construction Technology Promotion Act. 3) The administrative procedure needs a complementary system that, if the law is integrated, is reviewed by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and approved by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. 4) By unifying safety management costs, we establish reasonable standards for calculating safety management costs. 5) Reinforce feedback by integrating risk assessment and design safety review into one system. As for the improvement plan, it is proposed to revise the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Construction Technology Promotion Act by referring to similar papers and cases of integration of laws. Since it is considered desirable for each committee member and department in charge to participate. The approximate adjustment bill is the improvement plan by newly establishing the safety management contents expressed in the Construction Technology Promotion Act “Chapter 5 Management of Construction Works, Section 2 Quality and Safety Management of Construction Works” as “Section 3 Safety Management of Construction Works”. Including the information presented in the section suggests a revision. I think a lot of discussion and consultation are needed for the integration of the two laws. Safety accidents in the construction industry may not be reduced if no one makes concessions and only claims my own territory. To reduce safety accidents in the construction industry, it is hoped that the improvement measures that analyze and propose the advantages and disadvantages of representative laws and regulations will be used for safety management in the construction industry. Key words: Occupational Safety and Health Act, Construction Technology Promotion Act, overlapping, legislation integration