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이기녕,김한섭,전형원 한국생화학회 1968 BMB Reports Vol.1 No.2
The DNAs were extracted and purified from several cryptogams such as Bryophyta(moss), fern(Pteridaceae, Botrichioceae), Salvinaceae, and Equisetaceae. Major bases of DNA were analyzed, and following results were obtained. 1) Five species of the mosses examined all have G-C type of DNA (53-58%), as that of algae. 2) Pteridaceae, Botrichioaceae and Salivanaceae have similar DNA base compositions (44-45 % G + C), while Equisetaceae has the DNA of 38 % G + C. 3) In gymnosperms, the DNAs of pollens of ginkgo and cycad are of high A-T type (32-33 % G + C), and have similar base composition. G + C content of the DNA of pollens of Podocarpus is 30 %. 4) The DNAs of pollens of Pinus (5 spieces.) and Abietaceae (2 spieces.) are also of high A-T type, possessing 33-34 % and 37-38 % of G + C content respectively, thus, the DNA base composition of pollens of several gymnosperms is similar in a group under the same classification, Thus, the DNA base compositions of pollens are supposed to be of some divergence, and correlate well with other taxonomic criteria.
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각종무척추동물 및 척추동물의 DNA 염기초성에 관한 연구
이기녕 한국생화학회 1968 BMB Reports Vol.1 No.2
The DNAs were extracted and purified from following various vertebrates and invertebrates. Invertebrates: (도표) Vertebrates (도표) These DNA base compositions were analyzed and following results were obtained. Invertebrates Coelenterates and Flatworms The testis DNAs of jelly fish and liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) have 40% and 42% G + C, respectively. It is noteworthy that DNA base composition of liver fluke is identical to that of its host cells (ox liver) (42 % G + C). Echinoderms The testis DNAs of sea star, sea urchin and sea cucumber have 42 %, 36 % and 39% G + C, respectively. There exists a little variability of G + C content in DNAs among echinoderms Molluscs (1) Loricates The testis DNAs of two species of chitons have the same 37 % G + C. (2) Gastropods The DNA base compositions of gastropod (15 species) testes are variable and generally fall into two classes, one group possessing 37 - 40% G + C and another 30 - 33 % G + C. Testes of limpets (Fissurella) and turban shells (Tegula) have the DNA of 30 - 33 % G + C, and thus these species may belong to pelecypod rather than gastropod in terms of DNA base composition. This exhibits a good example that DNA base composition is not correlated with the traditional classification or taxonomic criteria. (3) Cephalopods The testis DNAs of six species of cephalopods have very similar G + C content (35 - 37 %). (4) Pelecypods Quite similar G + C content (31 - 33%) exists in testis DNAs among fifteen species of pelecypods. There is a significant divergence of G + C contents in DNA among the species of molluscs, but the DNA base proportions show generally a very close similarity in species of the same classes or families except those of gastropods. All the molluscan DNAs are rich in A-T, those of gastropods with exception above mentioned, containing largest amount of G + C. The DNAs of lamellibranchs have the lowest G + C content and those of cephalopods lie in intermediate content an3 those of loricate also rank very high in G + C content. Annelids The earthworm (terrestrial) and sandworm (marine) possess the same 42 % G + C in testis DNA. Arthropod Crustacea: 1) Barnacle: The testes of acorn shell and goose barnacle have the same 43 % G + C in DNA. 2) Crabs: The DNA base compositions of testes of five species of crabs are similar with 36-38% G + C. 3) Lobsters: The testis DNAs of seven species of lobsters are divided into two categories by their G + C contents, one group having 33-34 % G + C contents, and another one about 43 % G + C. This also provided an another illustration that the DNA base proportion was not always consistent with the classical taxonomic criteria, Cambaroides similis, (cray fish) Linuparus trigeners and Panulisus jap. belonging to latter one containing 42-44 % G + C. 4) Stomatopods: The DNA of testis of squilla has 35 % G + C. Insects: The testis DNAs of nine species of insects are of diversity in G + C content which ranges from 33 % to 42 %, but the limited number of our materials cannot be regarded as complete. Arachnids: The testis DNA of a spider possesses 39 % G + C. Chordates The testis of tunicate which lies in transition between invertebrate and vertebrate, has 39 % G + C in DNA. Vertebrates The lowest living vertebrate is hagfish (Cyclostomata), of which testis has the DNA of 42 % G + C, indentical to G + C content of ordinary vertebrates, whereas the testis DNA of various species of sharks have unusual pattern of base composition with relatively high 46 - 49 % G + C, unlike that of other fishes. The DNA bases of testes of varying fishes belonging to teleost, keep the same range of 40 - 43 % G + C. The testis DNA of glove fishes, however, has relatively high G + C content (47 %), and that of ray belonged to elasmobranch has 43 % G + C. The DNA base compositions of testes of amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals studied all have identical G + C content of 42 - 43%.
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이기녕,김한섭,전형원,안현진,최영조,Lee, Ki-Yung,Kim, Han-Seob,Cheon, Hyeong-Won,Ahn, Hyun-Jin,Choi, Young-Jo 생화학분자생물학회 1969 한국생화학회지 Vol.2 No.1
방사선 생체장해에 대한 인삼의 방어작용 유 무를 검색할 목적으로 가트를 실험 동물로한 실험의 결과를 보고한다. 본 실험에서는 방사선에 가장 예민하게 반응한다는 조직내 ascorbic acid 및 핵산(DNA 및 RNA)량을 방사선 생체장해의 기준으로 삼았다. 실험동물 가토는 다음과 같이 4 군으로 나누었다. 제 1 군: 인삼의 가열수용성추출물을 건조인삼으로 쳐서 20 mg/kg 체중 되게 매일 위관(胃管) 투여하고서 $^{60}C_o$ 감마선을 전신조사(照射)한 군. 제 2 군: 인삼대치물(증류수)을 제 1 군에서와 같은 분량, 같은기간 투여하고 방사선을 조사한 군. 제 3 군: 인삼만을 제 1 군에서 처럼 투여하고 방사선은 조사하지 않은 군. 제 4 군: 인삼대치물(증류수)을 제 2 군에서 처럼 투여하고 방사선은 조사하지 않은군. 방사선조사량은 500 R 와 800 R 을 썼으며 800 R 조사시에 제 3 군은 실험군으로 포함시키지 않았다. 방사선 조사일엔 전(全) 4 군 동물을 굶기고, 해당동물군을 조사하고 난 다음도 전동물군을 계속 하루 더 굶긴체 조사 제 2 일째에 동물을 일제히 도살하고서 간, 비 및 부신(ascorbic acid 측정용) 대퇴골수 및 비(핵산 측정용)를 신속히 적출, 또는 수집하였다. 실험결과는 요약 다음과 같다. 즉 단순한 인삼투여(제 3 4 군의 비교)로 조직내 ascorbic acid 나 핵 산량상에 별로 변화를 야기치 않았다. 조직 ascorbic acid 및 핵산량은 500 R 나 800 R 의 방사선 전신조사 (제 1 3 군의 비교)로 현저하게 감소하므로서 문헌상에 보고된바를 재확인케 하였다. 한펀, 인삼을 미리 투여하였을 때는 방사선조사로 인한 검색조직중의 ascorbic acid 및 핵산량의 감소가 단순조사시보다 (제 1 2 군의 비교) 훨씬 경감됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이와같이 조직 ascorbic acid 및 핵산량상에 나타난 인삼의 방사선방어작용은 조사선량과 무관한 것이 었다. 이상의 실험결과에 나타난 것처럼 과연 인삼의 방사선방어작용이 있을진데, 그것이 현재 알려진 기존 방사선방어제(劑) 계열상 어디에 귀속시켜야 할 것인지를 결정짓는 것이 앞으로의 과제로 남아 있음을 본 논문의 끝부분에서 시사하였다. We are reporting on the basis of animal experiments the possibility of Panax Ginseng as being one of the chemical protectors against radiation injury. Our observations were made on two parameters, that is, tissue ascorbic and nucleic acid contents which are generally known to fall by irradiation. Reduction of these substances by whole-body gamma irradiation was confirmed in rabbit in our studies. However, the administration of aqueous Ginseng extract to the rabbits in amount of 20 mg/kg body weight for 10 days prior to the irradiations almost always prevented, with statistical significnace, the otherwise reduced liver, splenic and adrenal ascorbic acid, and bone marrow and splenic nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) contents by irradiation. The protective effect of Ginseng against anticipated lowering of tissue ascorbic and nucleic acids by irradiations was similar in degree whether the radiation was given 500 R or 800 R in dose. Brief review on the mechanisms of actions of chemical protectors are given, and on the basis of this, a logical direction for probing the mechanism of protective action of Panax Ginseng against radiation hazard was also indicated.
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