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이광우 한국패션뷰티학회 2005 한국패션뷰티학회지 Vol.3 No.2
The purpose of this study was to investigate a specific character on products of American-cotton(Kobong) with cultivated in Sinbong-dong, Sangju City from 1997 to 2003 years. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The Kobong cotton of producted in Sangju city was superior in quality than Korean-cotton. 2. The cotton producted in 1998, 2002 and 2003 was inferior in quality than the anther producted cotton. The reasons was a heavy rain at 1998, Rusa typhoon at 2002 and Maemi typhoon at 2003 in sangju city. But Kobong-cotton was superior in quality than the Korean-cotton. Since it is so, Kobong(New improved variety of American-cotton) was superior in quality than the another kinds(Korean-cotton) from producted of cotton fibers
이광우,양동범 한국물환경학회 1986 한국물환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2
진동만 해역에서 1982년 7월과 9월, 1983년 7월에 해양화학지수의 분포를 조사하였다. 1982년 7월에는 고염분의 표층수에서 낮은 영양염 농도가 측정 되었다. 1982년 9월에는 염분의 감소와 함께 영양염 농도가 다소 높아졌으나 적조 발생에 이르기에는 낮은 농도였다. 1983년 7월에는 장마직후에 조사를 실시하였으나 표층수의 용존성 무기질소의 농도는 대규모 적조발생을 위한 최소농도 보다 훨씬 낮았다. 용존성 인은 표층수에서 20㎍ P/ℓ 이상이므로 제한인자가 아닌것으로 보여진다. Distributions of chemical oceanographic parameters were measured in Jindong Bay in July and September, 1982 and in July, 1983. In July, 1982, low concentrations of nutrients were observed in the surface waters of high salinity. In September, 1982, lowering of surface salinity accompanied an increase in nutrient concentrations which were too low for red-tide bloom. In July, 1983, although the sampling was done just after heavy rainfall, concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the surface waters seemed to be not sufficient for red-tides to occur. And dissolved phosphate contents were over 20 ㎍p/ℓ in the surface waters, suggesting that phytoplankton growth was not limited by phosphates.
이광우 한국서원학회 2022 한국서원학보 Vol.14 No.-
This thesis on comparative review of the trend of changes for Korean and Chinese Seowons through the main academic regulations in 16~19th Century. All Korean and Chinese Seowons had the academic regulation established by scholars of South Song Dynasty as represented for 「Baekrokdong Seowon Post」 of Chu-tze as their role model, but the trend of deployment for Seowon displayed different shapes following the historic flows. First of all, during the Ming Dynasty era of China, Simhak was prospering and the academic regulations of Ryonggang Seowon and Daegwa Seowon were established by the Simhak scholars. In early part of the 17th century, a new academic regulation of Donglim Seowon that criticized the decadence end of Samhak and emphasized the enlightening of learnings was newly established. On the other hand, the nationalized Seowons with the focusing on advancing the government officer reserve class was popular and this could be affirmed in the case of Gonghak Seowon that established the academic regulation in a similar period with Donglim Seowon. In Joseon, Ju Se-bung established the first Seowon, Baekwundong Seowon [Sosu Seowon], in 1543 and established its academic regulation, and the academic regulation at this time had taken the nationalized Seowon in the Ming Dynasty as its model. However, with the noble scholar culture being matured thereafter, Yi Hwang and others walked the path of nationalized schooling, and unlike the general Seowons in Ming Dynasty where the educational contents were more concrete, the academic regulation for the study of Confucius classics and led by the noble scholars with the exclusion of past study patterns and interruption of government authority was established. The scholars of early Qing Dynasty pointed out the ill-effected Simhak at the end of the Ming Dynasty and placed effort to re-establish the enlightening of learnings. This type of phenomenon could be found through the academic regulations of Gwanjung Seowon and Hwango Seowon established by the scholars du ring the reign of Gang Hee. Under the reinforcement of the central power system during the reigns of Ongjeong and Geonryung, the nationalized Seowon system was even more well-established. In particular, with the administrative impact and edification influencing in the regional sectors, Cheonghae had the academic regulation of Samcheon Seowon established. After the mid-19 century, there were Seowons that blended new western learnings, and like Jungseo Seowon, such a trend was reflected in the academic regulation. On the other hand, the Seowons in the later Joseon had its importance as an organization for locale and memorial services rather than educational purposes. The local controlling forces attempted to sustain the traditional values with the Seowons leading the social and economic changes. From the late 17th century to the decree to abolish the Seowons, a number of academic regulations were newly established under the well-known sages of the Tang Dynasty, but the contents had strong retro characteristics. Rather, some of the well-established Seowons strengthened the restrictive social status for the admission qualification, and in the process, serious conflicts occurred surrounding the interpretation of such academic regulation. 본 논문은 주요 學規를 통해 16~19세기 한・중 서원의 변모 양상을 비교・검토한 것이다. 한・중 서원 모두 朱子의 <白鹿洞書院揭示>을 학규의 전거로 삼았으나, 서원의 전개 양상은 역사적 흐름에 따라 사뭇 다른 모습을 보여주었다. 우선 중국 明代에는 心學이 번성하였고, 龍岡書院・大科書院의 학규가 심학자에 의해 제정되 었다. 17세기 초반에는 이러한 심학의 말류를 비판하며, 理學의 道統을 강조하는 東林書院의 학규가 새롭게 제정되었다. 한편으로 관료 예비군 층 양성에 주력하는 관학화된 서원이 번성하였는데, 이는 동림서원과 비슷한 시기 학규를 제정한 共學 書院의 사례에서 확인할 수 있다. 조선에서는 1543년 周世鵬이 최초의 서원인 白 雲洞書院[紹修書院]을 설립하고 학규를 제정하였다. 이때 학규는 관학화된 명대 서원을 모범으로 삼았다. 하지만 이후 사대부 문화가 성숙하는 가운데 李滉・李珥 등은 관학화의 길을 걸으며 교육적 내용이 구체화 되는 명대 서원과 달리 과거 공부와 관부의 간섭을 배제한 채 經學 공부 및 사대부가 주도하는 학규를 제정해 나갔다. 청대 초기 이학자들은 명말 심학의 병폐를 지목하며, 이학의 도통을 재정립하기 위해 노력하였다. 이러한 현상은 康熙 연간 이학자에 의해 제정된 關中書院 과 還古書院의 학규를 통해 확인할 수 있다. 雍正・乾隆 연간 중앙집권 체제의 강화 속에 관학화된 서원 제도가 한층 더 정비되어 갔다. 특히 변방에도 행정력과 교화가 미치는 가운데 靑海에서는 三川書院 학규가 제정되었다. 19세기 중반 이후로는 신식 학문을 접목시킨 서원이 등장하였다. 中西書院과 格致書院 학규에서는 이무렵 신식서원의 특징이 잘 드러난다. 반면, 조선 후기 서원은 교육 보다 향촌 기구및 제향 기구로서의 기능이 중시되었다. 향촌지배 세력은 사회・경제적 변화 속에 서원을 중심으로 전통적 가치를 고수하고자 했다. 17세기 후반부터 서원 철폐령이 있기까지 당대 명현에 의해 여러 학규가 새롭게 제정되었지만, 그 내용은 復古的 성격이 강하였다. 오히려 유력한 몇몇 서원에서는 입원 자격에 신분적 제약을 강화 하였고, 그 과정에서 학규 해석을 둘러싼 심각한 갈등이 발생하기도 했다.
이광우 한국해양학회 1993 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.28 No.4
The Yellow Sea is a marginal sea, surrounded by Chinese Continent and Korean Peninsula, with wide continental shelves and long coastlines. And the Yellow Sea is abundant with living resources and with coastal areas for leisure and aesthetic qualities. However, the Yellow Sea being a semi-enclosed water body, its water quality has been recently deteriorated due to rapid industrialization and urbanization of the coastal countries. Since marine pollution is transboundary, the needs for international cooperation among China, North Korea, Japan, Russia and Korea are urgent for the environmental protection of the Yellow Sea. The objectives of the present paper are to review the on-going research and to proposed the future prospects on international cooperation for the protection of water qualities of the Yellow Sea.
접힘홈이 형성된 띠형 섬유보강재를 사용한패널식 보강토옹벽의 현장계측 연구
이광우,조삼덕 한국지반신소재학회 2018 한국지반신소재학회 논문집 Vol.17 No.4
A new style of panel-type reinforced earth wall is a more integrated structure by connecting the geosynthetic strip reinforcement with a folding groove directly to the front panel through C-shaped insertion hole embedded in the panel. In this study, field measurements were conducted on two reinforced earth walls constructed at different sites to assess the field applicability and structural stability of the new style of panel-type reinforced earth wall. The horizontal displacement of the front panel, tensile deformation of the geosynthetic strip reinforcement, and horizontal earth pressure acting on the panel were measured and analyzed through the field measurements. According to the field measurements, after completion of the reinforced earth wall construction, the maximum horizontal earth pressure applied to the front panel was less than two-thirds of the Rankine earth pressure, and the maximum horizontal displacement of the front panel was less than 0.5% of the wall height, and the maximum tensile strain generated on the reinforcement was less than 1.0%. Therefore, it was found that two reinforced earth walls constructed at different sites remained stable. 본 연구에서는 새로운 형태의 패널식 보강토옹벽에 대한 현장 적용성 및 구조 안정성을 평가하기 위하여 두 개소 현장에서현장계측을 수행하였다. 새로운 형태의 패널식 보강토옹벽은 접힘홈이 형성된 띠형 섬유보강재를 패널식 전면벽체에 매립된C형 삽입구를 통해 직접 연결함으로써 보다 일체화된 구조를 형성시킨 보강토옹벽이다. 현장계측에서는 보강토옹벽의 시공중 및 완료 후에 발생하는 전면벽체의 수평변위와 띠형 섬유보강재의 인장변형, 전면벽체에 작용하는 수평토압 등을 측정하고분석하였다. 분석 결과, 보강토옹벽 시공 완료 후에 전면벽체에 작용하는 최대 수평토압은 Rankine 토압의 2/3 이하 수준이고, 전면벽체에 발생된 최대 수평변위는 보강토옹벽 높이의 0.5% 이하 수준이며, 보강재에 유발된 최대 인장변형률은 1.0% 이하로 나타나 두 현장의 보강토옹벽이 모두 안정한 상태를 유지하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.