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일리노이주 옥수수, 콩 재배지 MODIS와 VIIRS NDVI 특성 비교
이경도,김숙경,류재현,안호용 대한원격탐사학회 2023 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.39 No.6
We analyzed the potential for joint utilization of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS) satellite imagery Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in crop assessment,considering the aging of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellites. Over 11years from 2012 to 2022, we examined the characteristics of NDVI changes in corn and soybeancultivation areas in Illinois, USA. VIIRS and MODIS satellite imagery NDVI exhibited a high correlationcoefficient of over 0.98. However, during periods of rapid crop growth or decline, VIIRS NDVI showedvalues approximately 0.12 to 0.14 higher than MODIS. Estimating crop anomaly classes based on NDVI,we observed similar trends in corn and soybean crop anomaly classes in 2018 and 2019. However, in2022, there appeared to be a significant divergence in crop anomaly classes, suggesting the need forfurther investigation. The correlation coefficients between MODIS and VIIRS satellite imagery NDVIand corn and soybean yields were consistently high, exceeding 0.8, indicating the potential for quantityestimation using both MODIS and VIIRS satellite imagery. Specifically, for VIIRS NDVI, excludingthe increasing trend in crop quantity estimation for soybeans enhanced the correlation, and compared toMODIS, it showed a consistently high correlation with quantity from approximately 16 days earlier,indicating the potential for early estimation.
무인비행체 영상 기반 연차 간 벼 생육 및 흰잎마름병 병해 추정
이경도,김상민,안호용,박찬원,홍석영,소규호,나상일 한국농공학회 2020 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.62 No.4
The purpose of this study is to develop a technology for estimating rice growth and damage effect according to bacterial leaf blight using UAVmulti-spectral imagery. For this purpose, we analyzed the change of aerial images, rice growth factors (plant height, dry weight, LAI) and disease effectsaccording to disease occurrence by using UAV images for 3 rice varieties (Milyang23, Sindongjin-byeo, Saenuri-byeo) from 2017 to 2018. Thecorrelation between vegetation index and rice growth factor during vegetative growth period showed a high value of 0.9 or higher each year. As aresult of applying the growth estimation model built in 2017 to 2018, the plant height of Milyang23 showed good error withing 10%. However, itis considered that studies to improve the accuracy of other items are needed. Fixed wing unmanned aerial photographs were also possible to estimatethe damage area after 2 to 4 weeks from inoculation. Although sensing data in the multi-spectral (Blue, Green, Red, NIR) band have limitations inearly diagnosis of rice disease, for rice varieties such as Milyang23 and Sindongjin-byeo, it was possible to construct the equation of infected leaf arearatio and rice yield estimation using UAV imagery in early and mid-September with high correlation coefficient of 0.8 to 0.9. The results of this studyare expected to be useful for farming and policy support related to estimating rice growth, rice plant disease and yield change based on UAV images.
이경도,홍석영,나상일,오영진 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.5
The remote monitoring system of water salinity was assessed in Wando reclaimed land lake during a farmingseason in 2009. Increasing of water salinity in this lake used to bring about salt damage on rice plantoccasionally. At the early stage of the rice growing period, rice growth was not damaged due to enough rainfallwith more than 120 mm from the mid-May to the first ten days of June. Data collection using on-site watersalinity measuring sensors every 2 hours and real-time transmission in system were carried out for theexperiment. We compared the transmitted values from the sensor system with water sample values collectedand analyzed by a local technical office. Salt concentrations measured by sensor in real-time monitoringsystem were available data. The regression equation between rainfall and water salinity was presented as(water salinity after rainfall) = 0.621×(water salinity before rainfall)×exp(-0.0139×rainfall), (r2=0.579,p<0.01). It is suggested that the system is useful for stable farming in the area where farmer use water inreclaimed lakes as an irrigation source.
이경도,박찬원,나상일,정명표,김준환,Lee, Kyung-do,Park, Chan-won,Na, Sang-il,Jung, Myung-Pyo,Kim, Junhwan 대한원격탐사학회 2017 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.33 No.5
농작물 작황 추정은 생산량 예측을 통한 수급 조절, 가격 예측, 농가 소득 보전을 위한 정책 수립 등에 중요한 판단자료로 활용된다. 급변하는 국내외 여건에서 작물의 안정생산과 식량안보, 생태계 지속성 평가를 위해 원격탐사 등 국가차원의 미래기술 개발 노력이 요구되고 있다. 농촌진흥청은 2010년부터 국내외 주요 곡물생산지대 작황 평가를 위한 원격탐사, 작물모형, 농업기상 분야 원천기술 개발을 위해 노력해왔다. 본 특별호는 농촌진흥청에서 지난 8년간 국내외 작황 평가를 위해 수행해 온 원격탐사, 작물모형, 농업기상 분야의 연구개발 성과 및 연계된 이들 분야 간 융복합 연구 수행 현황을 정리하고 향후 연구 방향을 제시하고자 발간하게 되었다. The periodic monitoring of crop conditions and timely estimation of crop yield are of great importance for supporting agricultural decision-makings, as well as for effectively coping with food security issues. Remote sensing has been regarded as one of effective tools for crop condition monitoring and crop type classification. Since 2010, RDA (Rural Development Administration) has been developing technology for monitoring on crop condition using remote sensing and model. These special papers address recent state-of-the-art of remote sensing and geospatial technologies for providing operational agricultural information, such as, crop yield estimation methods using remote sensing data and process-oriented model, crop classification algorithm, monitoring and prediction of weather and climate based on remote sensing data,system design and architecture of crop monitoring system, history on rice yield forecasting method.
Estimation of Rice Yield in Paddy Damaged by Rice Blast Using UAV Imagery
이경도,나상일,안호용,류재현,이병모 한국토양비료학회 2022 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.55 No.4
Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has been usefully used to produce precise crop information onfarmland. The purpose of this study is to develop a technology for estimating rice yield distribution in paddyfield damaged by rice blast using UAV imagery. We analyzed the change of sensing information according todisease occurrence by using UAV images for rice paddy in 2021. The correlation between NDVI vegetationindex and rice yield showed a high value of 0.8 or higher from booting stage to ripening stage except forheading stage. It means that UAV image reflected the change of rice yield according to rice blast. In addition,it was found that in order to evaluate the effect of rice disease using UAV image, it was necessary to select asensor and vegetation index considering the change in spectral reflection next to the disease characteristics. This study is expected to be helpful in establishing object damage survey of agricultural disaster insurance andfarming plan.
이경도,최은정,이선일,권효숙,이형석,홍성창,김민욱,김명현,최순군,어진우,엽소진,김용석,허지나,강민구,나상일,안호용,김민경 한국국제농업개발학회 2022 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.34 No.4
Climate change due to global warming causes a rise in atmospheric air temperature to rise and extreme shift in precipitation patterns. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is widely known as one of the major cause of global warming and accounts for about 72% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture is more vulnerable to climate change than other industries. Many studies have been conducted to investigate how agroecosystems, both natural and controlled, will respond to the rising level of CO2. Studies on the responses of crops and agricultural environments to climate change are crucial in predicting changes in agro-ecosystems. Research facilities for various types of CO2 treatment have been developed. The representative research facilities are SAR (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research), OTC (Open Top Chamber), FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment System), and TGC & CTGC (Temperature Gradient Chamber & CO2-Temperature Gradient Chamber). Therefore, this study reviewed research data and their application in agriculture 1. 기후변화에 대한 농업 분야 연구는 미래의 농업 변화를예측하는데 필수불가결한 요소이다. 따라서 기후변화 연구시설을 이용하여 기후변화·이상기상에 대한 기후값 생산 및 작물을 포함한 농업생태환경의 반응 연구와 실제 농업 생산 활동에서 이루어지는 작물 및 농업환경 모니터링 연구를 종합하여 연구결과를 활용한다면 기후변화로 인한 미래 농업생태계의 변화를 예측하고 피해를 저감하기 위한 대응 기술 개발에기여할 것이다. 2. CO2 농도 변화에 따른 기후변화 연구는 다른 환경요인과달리 CO2 농도를 일정한 수준으로 유지할 수 있는 제어시설이 필요하다. 현재까지 여러 형태의 CO2 처리가 가능한 연구시설들이 개발되어 왔는데, 대표적인 연구시설로는 SAR (SoilPlant-Atmosphere-Research), OTC (Open Top Chamber), FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment System), TGC & CTGC (Temperature Gradient Chamber & CO2-Temperature Gradient Chamber) 등이 있다. 그러나, 연구목적에 따라 연구시설을 선정하고 그 규모도 고려해야 하는 등 고려되어야 할 사항들이많다. 3. 기후변화에 따른 농업분야 적응 및 완화기술 개발을 위해서는 미래 기상환경을 구현할 수 있는 기후변화 연구시설을활용한 연구가 필수적이다. 기후변화 연구에 적합한 개방형 및폐쇄형 기후변화 연구시설을 구축하여 신뢰성 있는 데이터를확보하여야 과학적인 기후변화 적응 및 완화 대책 마련에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 구축한 기후변화 연구시설은 규격 및 기능 측면에서 다양한 실험 플랫폼을 구축하여다학제적 연구를 추진하는데 활용하여 시설 및 데이터의 활용성을 높이도록 해야 한다고 판단된다.
코로나 19로 인한 자원 부족 상황에서 의료 자원의 배분 정의
이경도 한국의료윤리학회 2020 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.23 No.3
현재 대부분 전문가가 코로나 19의 2차 대유행이 곧 올 것이라 예상하고 있다. 만약 2차 대유행이 온다면, 혹은 그 이후에도 대유행이 다시 온다면, 발생할 다수의 코로나 19 환자를 치료하기 위한 중환자실 병상과 인공호흡기가 극히 부족해 질 것으로 보인다. 극심한 의료 자원 부족 상황에서 누구를 먼저 살리고 누구를 치료하지 않을 것인지 결정하기 위해서는 분명 배분 정의와 관련된 논의가 필요하다. 본 논문은 먼저 최대한 많은 사람을 살리기 위한 의료 자원의 배분은 몇 가지 조건 하에서는 개개인의 권리를 동일하게 대우한다는 근거로 충분히 공정하다는 것을 밝힐 것이다. 그러나 이후 의료 자원의 모든 배분 결정이 많은 사람을 살리기 위해 이루어지는 것이 정당하지 않은 경우 또한 밝힐 것이다. 그 후 실제 코로나 19 환자들에게 의료 자원을 배분할 경우 살릴 수 있는 사람들의 수 외에 고려해야 할 여러 사항(연령, 장애 및 중증도, 의료진 및 타인에게 혜택을 주는 이들, 건강 및 사회경제적 불평등, 기타 사항)을 어떻게 배분 결정에 포함시킬 것인지 논의한다. 그 논의 과정에서, 미국에서 이미 적용 중인 여러 의료 자원 배분 지침은 어떤 윤리적 논거와 가치에 기반하고 있는지도 살펴볼 것이다. 무엇보다 본 논문은 관련된 모든 논쟁을 해결하려고 하기보다, 넓게 동의할 수 있는 합리적인 방식의 배분은 어떤 것일지 정리해본다는 목표를 지니고 있다. Experts have been warning of a second wave of COVID-19 infections that is expected to occur within the next two months. If this prediction comes true, the demand for ventilators, intensive care units, and other healthcare resources may be greater than the supply, raising questions of distributive justice and the rationing of scarce healthcare resources. This article summarizes some of the theoretical issues associated with distributive justice, examines the ethical basis of the rationing principles that have been adopted by certain hospitals in the United States, and attempts to identify common ground that might facilitate broad agreement concerning the principles that should guide resource-allocation decisions during this pandemic. The article aims to show, firstly, that from the perspective of a non-utilitarian, rights-based theory, it is fair or just to allocate life-saving resources in ways that save the greatest number of lives. Nevertheless, it is also argued that there are several other factors need to be considered in the rationing of healthcare resources, including a patient’s age, disability status, health condition, occupation, time of admission to a health care facility, and whether the patient’s disease is COVID-19.
댐 유역 가뭄 관리를 위한 강수량 임계수준 결정에 관한 연구
이경도,손경환,이병주,Lee, Kyoung Do,Son, Kyung Hwan,Lee, Byong Ju 한국수자원학회 2020 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.53 No.4
This study determined appropriate threshold level (cumulative period and percentage) of precipitation for drought management in dam basin. The 5 dam basins were selected, the daily dam storage level and daily precipitation data were collected. MAP (Mean Areal Precipitation was calculated by using Thiessen polygon method, and MAP were converted to accumulated values for 6 cumulative periods (30-, 60-, 90-, 180-, 270-, and 360-day). The correlation coefficient and ratio of variation coefficient between storage level and MAP for 6 cumulative periods were used to determine the appropriate cumulative period. Correlation of cumulative precipitation below 90-day was low, and that of 270-day was high. Correlation was high when the past precipitation during the flood period was included within the cumulative period. The ratio of variation coefficient was higher for the shorter cumulative period and lower for the longer in all dam, and that of 270-day precipitation was closed to 1.0 in every month. ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) analysis with TLWSA (Threshold Line of Water Supply Adjustment) was used to determine the percentage of precipitation shortages. It is showed that the percentage of 270-day cumulative precipitation on Boryung dam and other 4-dam were less than 90% and 80% as threshold level respectively, when the storage was below the attention level. The relationship between storage and percentage of dam outflow and precipitation were analyzed to evaluate the impact of artificial dam operations on drought analysis, and the magnitude of dam outflow caused uncertainty in the analysis between precipitation and storage data. It is concluded that threshold level should be considered for dam drought analysis using based on precipitation.
이경도 (재) 국가생명윤리정책원 2023 생명, 윤리와 정책 Vol.7 No.2
최근 의사조력자살을 일부 허용하려는 법안이 발의되면서, 그 정당성에 대한 논의가 광범위하게 이루어졌다. 그 논의에서 한 가지 중요한 논점은 연명의료에 대한 환자의 자기결정권이 진정으로 존중되고 있지 않은 현실에 대한 지적이었다. 본 논문은 그 논점을 직접적으로 다루기보다, 연명의료에 대한 환자의 자기결정권을 논의하는 데에 있어서 더욱 명확히 다루어야 할 부분을 논하는 데에 집중한다. 크게 네 가지 목표가 있다. 첫째, 연명의료가 무엇을 의미하는지 탐색한다. 그에 대한 올바른 정의를 내리고 이를 명확히 하는 것은 이후 논의를 더 생산적으로 이끌어내는데에 필요하다. 둘째, 환자가 어떤 선택을 내릴 경우 그 선택이 야기한 결과에 대한 윤리적 책임이 어떻게 규명될 수 있는지 논의한다. 환자의 선택에 따른 윤리적 책임이 어느 경우에 누구에게있는지 상대적으로 충분히 논해지지 못했으나 이는 환자의 선택을 존중하는 정책, 제도, 문화 형성에 중요하다. 셋째, 연명의료가 환자의 최선의 이익을 위해 필요하다고 하여도 환자의 선택을제한하고 침해하는 것이 윤리적으로 정당한 경우는 없는지 살펴본다. 이전 연명의료에 대한 환자자기결정권 논의에서 가장 중요한 두 가지 원칙으로 환자의 최선의 이익과 자율성 존중만을 들었기에 과연 위와 같은 제한과 침해가 정당화될 수 있는지 의문이 들 수 있었다. 그러나 본 논문에서는 그 외에 정의의 문제 또한 중요함을 밝히며 그 개입 및 침해가 정당화될 수 있는 가능한 사례들을 보인다. 넷째, 연명의료에 대한 환자 자기결정권 존중을 위해 구체적으로 사회가 보장해야 하는 것은 무엇인지 논한다. 이전 문헌에서 환자의 자기결정권이 실현되기 위해서 환자의 연명의료에 관한 여러 선택지에 대한 경제적, 사회적, 지역적, 문화적 접근성이 보장되어야 한다는 대체적인 목표 설정을 주문하였다. 본 논문은 이러한 방식의 접근이 한국 현실에서 매우 중요한 실천적 함의를 지니나, 자칫 학술적으로 오해의 소지가 있음을 밝히며 무엇에 대한 접근성부터 개선할 것인지에 대한 논의가 더욱 시급함을 밝힌다. 본 논문은 위 네 가지 논점을 다루는 데에 있어서, 각각 단일한 정답을 제시하기보다는 그에 대한 오해를 불식시키며 좀 더 명확하고 생산적인 논의로 나아가는 데 보탬이 되려고 한다. Recently in South Korea, a bill proposing physician-assisted suicide has generated significant debate on the controversial procedure’s permissibility. One abiding argument opposing this proposal states that, in fact, patients will still be unable to exercise their right to self-determination in decisions about life-sustaining treatments because the bur- dens associated with caretaking and the fear of imposing such burdens on loved ones may unintentionally encourage or force patients to choose physician-assisted suicide. Without evaluating this argument’s validity, this article addresses four ethical issues relevant to patient self-determination that have received insufficient attention. First, it explores the scope and definition of life-sustaining treatments. Although future scholarly discussion must establish a robust definition of life-sustaining treatment, the conventional legal defi- nitions of such treatments need further clarification. Second, this article highlights the need to address whether, when, and to what extent patients should be held responsible for their voluntary decisions about life-sustaining treatments. This issue is highly relevant to ensuring patients’ actual right to self-determination, yet it has not been addressed fully in the literature. Third, this article illustrates cases in which it is ethically defensible to infringe upon patients’ right to self-determination in decisions about life-sustaining treatments, even when infringement seemingly goes against their self-interest and agency. Unfortunately, in past literature, such cases have not been alluded to. This article pres- ents primarily justice-related grounds that may justify infringing upon patients’ right to self-determination when such infringement does not directly promote their interests. Fourth, this article discusses what institutional resources should be provided to patients to help them realize their right to self-determination in decisions about life-sustaining treatments. Certain authors in previous literature have implicitly claimed that patients should be provided equal access to life-sustaining treatments to realize their right to self-determination. However, this article argues that it is neither feasible nor ethical to ensure equal access to all kinds of life-sustaining treatments. While an exhaustive treat- ment of these four issues is outside this discussion’s scope, this paper nonetheless hopes to mitigate potential misunderstandings around these four issues, and to propose potential methods for addressing these issues in the future.
이경도,안호영,김숙경,김태곤,손연규,고우리,류재현 한국토양비료학회 2023 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.56 No.4
Precision agriculture relies on the uniformity of location-based agricultural environmental data, such as soil, weather, and sensing. In this study, we propose a grid system for precision agriculture to data spatial alignment. Based on this precision agriculture grid system, we analyzed the spatial distribution variability of annual soil chemical components and estimated rice yield distribution based on these components. The results from the years 2018 and 2019 showed that the average values of soil chemical components in non-paved areas exhibited no significant differences. However, even with the similarity in average soil chemical component values, we confirmed through spatial distribution maps that there can be diverse and biased distributions within the soil, as well as inter-annual variations. In the process of estimating rice yield using soil chemical components, the Random Forest model showed higher explanatory power and accuracy compared to the multivariate linear regression model. Both models, however, incorporated a wide range of chemical characteristics as model variables, beyond the key variables typically used in traditional rice fertilizer estimation. This diversity in model variables is presumed to be a result of the unique agricultural environment, such as uneven use of additional fertilizer. Therefore, it is crucial to emphasize that, even after calculating crop fertilizer quantities through soil analysis, stable yield and quality assurance require precision agriculture management based on crop growth monitoring.