신학적 관점에서 본 인간과 로봇의 창조

윤형,윤형 한국구약학회 2022 구약논단 Vol.28 No.2

본 논문은 사람의 노동과 관련된 로봇 문제에 대한 신학적인 탐구이다. 인간과 로봇창조의 상관관계를 신학적인 관점에서 비교 분석하기 위해 고대와 현대 세계, 구약성서의 세 부문이라는 큰 틀 안에서 세부적으로 노동(work), 격(person), 모방(mimesis)이라는 세 개의 개념을 중심으로 서술하였다. 분석 결과 우리는 현대 세계의 로봇 제작이 고대 세계 및 구약성서의 인간 창조와 유사하면서도 차이점이 있다는 사실을 알게 되었다. 우선 세 부문의 공통분모는 노동인데, 그 의미가 각기 다르다. 로봇 제작과 고대 세계에서는 노동에 대한 부정적인 이미지가 부각되었으며, 정경적인 관점에서 성서에서는 창조 때부터 그 의미가 긍정적이었다. 여기서 할일은 사람들이 내려놓으려는 노동의 의미를 다시 숙고하는 것이다. 둘째, 격(person/identity)의 문제로서 노동 주체가 어떤 정체성을 갖고 있는지 분석하였다. 로봇 제작 부문과 고대 세계에서는 로봇과 인간을 비인격적인 존재로 보고 있었다. 이에 구약성서에서는 정체성의 기원을 하나님의 형상 및 모양에서 찾고 있다. 셋째, 모방에 관한 것으로서, 고대 세계에서 일만 하는 존재로 창조된 인간은 그를 창조한 신들의 사고 및 성향을 모방하게 되었다. 로봇의 모방 대상은 인간인데 과연 그가 모방의 기준이 될 수 있는지가 논쟁점이다. 마지막으로 인간과 로봇의 상관관계에 대한 신학적인 견해를 피력하였다. 우선 노동에 대한 의미 부여와 노동자의 정체성이 중요하다는 점을 밝혔다. 노동이 모방 행위라고 볼 수 있듯이 누구를 모방하는 가에 따라 세상에 대한 가치관도 달라질 수 있다. 성서에서는 인간과 노동이 밀접한 상관관계가 있다고 보면서 노동의 신성성과 인간의 존엄성, 자유와 질서라는 요소를 강조하고 있다. 이제 새로운 종 로봇에게 이것을 어떻게 적용해야 할지가 우리의 과제이다.

보철 치료 시 디지털 및 전통적 인상채득에 대한 환자 만족도 비교 연구

윤형인,이수민,박은진,Yoon, Hyung-In,Lee, Su-Min,Park, Eun-Jin 대한치과보철학회 2016 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.54 No.4

목적: 본 연구에서는 전통적 인상채득과 디지털 인상채득을 모두 경험한 환자들의 만족도를 조사하여 다양한 항목에 대하여 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 구강 내 디지털 인상채득의 방법을 사용하는 5개의 치과병원에서, 보철 치료를 위해 기존의 인상재를 이용한 방법과 디지털 인상채득을 모두 경험한 만 20세 이상의 성인 환자 170명을 대상으로, 2015년 10월부터 2016년 4월까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 총128부의 설문지를 분석 자료로 이용하였으며, 빈도분석, 다중응답 빈도분석, 기술통계, 비모수 검정, 교차 분석을 시행하였고, 유의수준은 0.05로 설정하였다. 결과: 디지털 인상채득의 이유는 '임플란트치료'(43.8%), '크라운치료'(30.5%), '인레이치료'(15.6%) 순서로 나타났다. 전통적 인상채득의 평균 만족도보다 디지털 인상채득의 평균 만족도가 유의하게 더 높았다 (P<.05). 재선택하고 싶은 인상채득 방법으로는 전통적 인상채득(11.7%) 보다 디지털 인상채득(60.2%)이 더 높게 나타났다. 디지털 인상채득을 재선택한 이유로는 '구토반사가 없어서'(35.1%), '3D디지털 스캔이라 신뢰가 가서'(33.8%), '시간이짧아서'(33.8%) 순으로 나타났다. 결론: 환자 만족도 및 다시 선택하고 싶은 인상채득의 방법으로 전통적 인상채득 보다 디지털 인상채득의 선택이 더 높게 나타났다. Purpose: The present study aims at researching the subjective satisfaction of patients who have experienced both conventional impression taking and digital impression taking to measure the possibility of wide clinical application of digital impression. Materials and methods: The study surveyed 170 adult patients over the age of 20, between October 2015 and April 2016, who voluntarily consented to participation and who experienced both conventional impression and digital impression at five dental hospitals that use intraoral digital impression. A total of 128 surveys were used for data analysis, involving frequency analysis, multiple response frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and contingency table analysis, with the significance level set at 0.05. Results: Responses on the reason for taking impressions using the digital method appeared in the order of 'for implant treatment' (43.8%), 'for crown treatment' (30.5%), and 'for inlay treatment' (15.6%). Patients satisfaction was higher for digital impression taking than conventional impression taking (P<.05). As the preferred choice of impression, digital impression (60.2%) was higher than conventional impression (11.7%). Responses on the reason for choosing digital impression taking appeared in the order of 'no vomiting reflex' (35.1%), 'reliability of 3D digital scanning' (33.8%), and 'short time' (33.8%). Conclusion: The patients preferred digital impression taking to conventional impression taking in terms of satisfaction.

共同住宅管理規約의 改善方案 硏究

윤형인,안효수 한국건축시공학회 2006 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.6 No.3

The purpose of this study is to propose improved apartment management rules so that the inhabitants of apartment houses can manage their apartment in efficient and transparent manners. This study points out several problems of current management system and propose improved apartment management rules by analyzing misconducts of management office, related laws and regulations, standard apartment management rules, these and judicial decisions. Therefore, the inhabitants may refer to this study in establishment or amendment of their apartment management rules.

구강 스캐너를 사용한 고정성 보철 수복 시 고려사항

윤형인,Yoon, Hyung-In 대한치과의사협회 2019 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.57 No.9

With the advances of CAD-CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) technology, the field of modern clinical dentistry has been dramatically changed. The first step in the digital workflow for tooth-supported dental prosthesis is a data acquisition with intraoral digital or conventional impression techniques. For the accuracy of intraoral digital impression data, the basic principles of conventional impression should be applied. It is necessary to obtain a good visibility with properly-dried field and well-exposed margin of the prepared abutment. Currently, the equi- or supra-gingival finish line can be recommended as an indication for intraoral digital impression. The scan data are generally exported to '.stl' file format, which has only morphological information of black and whitem while '.obj' file format can store data on color and texture.

Detection of proximal caries using quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital and laser fluorescence: a comparative study

윤형인,유민정,박은진 대한치과보철학회 2017 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.9 No.6

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro validity of quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) and laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent) for assessing proximal caries in extracted premolars, using digital radiography as reference method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 102 extracted premolars with similar lengths and shapes were used. A single operator conducted all the examinations using three different detection methods (bitewing radiography, QLF-D, and DIAGNOdent). The bitewing x-ray scale, QLF-D fluorescence loss (ΔF), and DIAGNOdent peak readings were compared and statistically analyzed. RESULTS. Each method showed an excellent reliability. The correlation coefficient between bitewing radiography and QLF-D, DIAGNOdent were -0.644 and 0.448, respectively, while the value between QLF-D and DIAGNOdent was -0.382. The kappa statistics for bitewing radiography and QLF-D had a higher diagnosis consensus than those for bitewing radiography and DIAGNOdent. The QLF-D was moderately to highly accurate (AUC = 0.753 - 0.908), while DIAGNOdent was moderately to less accurate (AUC = 0.622 - 0.784). All detection methods showed statistically significant correlation and high correlation between the bitewing radiography and QLF-D. CONCLUSION. QLF-D was found to be a valid and reliable alternative diagnostic method to digital bitewing radiography for in vitro detection of proximal caries.

Surface changes of metal alloys and high-strength ceramics after ultrasonic scaling and intraoral polishing

윤형인,노효미,박은진 대한치과보철학회 2017 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.9 No.3

PURPOSE. This study was to evaluate the effect of repeated ultrasonic scaling and surface polishing with intraoral polishing kits on the surface roughness of three different restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 15 identical discs were fabricated with three different materials. The ultrasonic scaling was conducted for 20 seconds on the test surfaces. Subsequently, a multi-step polishing with recommended intraoral polishing kit was performed for 30 seconds. The 3D profiler and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate surface integrity before scaling (pristine), after scaling, and after surface polishing for each material. Non-parametric Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank sum tests were employed to statistically evaluate surface roughness changes of the pristine, scaled, and polished specimens. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS. Surface roughness values before scaling (pristine), after scaling, and polishing of the metal alloys were 3.02±0.34 μm,2.44±0.72 μm, and 3.49±0.72 μm, respectively. Surface roughness of lithium disilicate increased from 2.35±1.05 μm (pristine) to 28.54±9.64 μm (scaling), and further increased after polishing (56.66±9.12 μm, P<.05). The zirconia showed the most increase in roughness after scaling (from 1.65±0.42 μm to 101.37±18.75 μm), while its surface roughness decreased after polishing (29.57±18.86 μm, P<.05). CONCLUSION. Ultrasonic scaling significantly changed the surface integrities of lithium disilicate and zirconia. Surface polishing with multi-step intraoral kit after repeated scaling was only effective for the zirconia, while it was not for lithium disilicate.

공동주택 하자보증금 청구소송의 연구

윤형인,조병수 한국건축시공학회 2007 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of this study is to propose the efficient improvement in the lawsuit to request the guarantee against defect. This study points out several problems about related act and subordinate statue and judgement by analyzing the character of contract in apartment house, related laws and regulations, appraisals and judicial decisions. This study deduces the necessity of the establishment of the specification and the breakdown cost for repair and maintenance work to provide the standard for the detached judgement.

[구약] 묵묵히 시간을 보라 - 다니엘 12:1-4

윤형 한국성서학연구소 2014 성서마당 : 한국교회를 위한 성경연구지 Vol.- No.109

Ti:LiNbO$_{3}$ 광도파로 제작 및 특성분석

윤형도,김성구,이한영,윤대원 대한전자공학회 1998 電子工學會論文誌, D Vol.d35 No.7

In this work was produced and analyzed a z-cut Ti:LiNbO$_{3}$ optical waveguide which applies for various optical devices.A waveguide channel with a thickness 8 .mu.m and a length 66,000.mu.m and a mach-zehnder interferometer type waveguide were fabricated at a diffusion temperature 1050.deg. C for 6-8hours in a wet $O_{2}$ environment. The resulting Ti:LiNbO$_{3}$ optical waveguide was measured to have a Ti-strip thickness of 950.angs. and low loss. Surfaces and cross-sections of a fabricated waveguide were analysed. The mode pattern anaysis revealed that the waveguide showed a single mode at a 1550nm wavelength. The effective dimension of the waveguide was calculated by measuring a gaussian profile; Wx=10.95.mu. and Wy=9.14.mu.m. a propagation loss, of 0.50dB/cm for a TM mode and 0.45dB/cm for a TE mode, was low enough to be accepatable for optical devices.

AOTF용 광도파로 및 IDT 전극제작

윤형도,한상필,김성구,임영민,윤대원 대한전자공학회 1997 電子工學會論文誌, D Vol.d34 No.11

The characteristics of optical waeguides and IDT electrodes fabricated for acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTE) used for optical communications were analyzed. A $Ti:LiNbO_3$ in-diffusion method was employed for the formation of the optical waveguide with a dimension of width $8\mu\textrm{m}$, length $30000\mu\textrm{m}$, and thickness $1150{\AA}$. The diffusion was carried at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 8 houss to pattern the optical waveguide with Ti. The resulted waveguide exhibited a single mode at a 1550nm wavelength range and its propagation loss was less than 0.5dB/cm. The width of IDT, with 10 SAW periods, was $5000\mu\textrm{m}$, S11 reflection characteristics and impedances of th eelectrodes deposited with Au were analyzed using a network analyzer; $48.1\Omega$ at th ecenter frquency of 193MHz for Au deposition thickness of $1500{\AA}$ and $50.7\Omega$ at the center frequency of 192MHz for au deposition thickness of $1600{\AA}$.