SWMM 과 희귀분석법에 의한 유역의 오염부하량 산정 비교

윤춘경(Chun Gyeong Yoon),전지홍(Ji Hong Jeon),함종화(Jong Hwa Ham) 한국물환경학회 2001 한국물환경학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Rating curve method and SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) were applied to estimate pollution loading from Hwa-Ong watershed in Kyunggi-Do. Sampling data from monitored sites were used to derive rating curves and calibrate SWMM, and they were applied to the whole watershed including non-monitored subcatchments. Overall, the results from these methods were comparable and the loadings were in the same range and the difference was acceptable considering complicated natural pollutant loading processes. However, inconsistency was observed among the subcatchments. The pollutant loading estimates from two subcatchments with similar area were almost identical in rating curve methods, while the difference was significant in SWMM methods. Rating curve method can be a reliable tool to estimate pollutant loading from watershed if it is fully monitored, but it may generate large error during extrapolation to non-monitored area. SWMM is a comprehensive hydrologic model with great diversity that it can incorporate watershed characteristics like land use effects which is not available in rating curve methods. Therefore, it is recommended to use reasonable watershed model rather than rating curve and unit loading methods for the estimation of pollutant loading from watershed

생장기와 동절기의 인공습지 오수처리 성능

윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun Gyeong ),권순국 ( Kwun Soon Kuk ),함종화 ( Ham Jong Hwa ) 한국농공학회 1999 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.41 No.4

Field experiment of constructed wetland for rural wastewater treatment was performed from July 1998 to April 1999 including winter to examine the seasonal effect on the wetland performance. The system worked without freezing even under -10℃ of air temperature as long as wastewater was flowing. BOD removal rates varied in similar pattern as the air temperature, and winter performance was relatively lower than that in the growing season. However, removing performance during winter was still significant, and BOD removal rates were almost the same as in the growing season. SS removal rate was relatively less affected by temperature, but lower decay rate during the winter can result in accumulation of the SS in the system, which releases constituents in the next spring and can affect whole system performance. The winter removal rates of nutrients like T-N and T-P were decreased about half compared to the growing season and low temperature. To maintain stabilized wetland performance including winter time, supplying minimum heating for plants could be an alternative in field application. Experimental data was compared with NADB (North American Wetlands for Water Quality treatment database), and general performance of the system was within the reasonable range. The pollutant loading and effluent concentration of the experimented system were in high margin. Base on the experiment and databases, the required effluent water quality could be achieved if loading rate adjusted as illustrated in the database.

강물의 수질오염 Modeling에 사용되는 신뢰도 분석방법에 대한 비교연구

윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun Gyeong ) 한국농공학회 1995 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.37 No.5

공학분야에 널리 사용되고 있는 신뢰도 분석방법중에서 Monte Carlo simulation (MC), Mean-value First-Order Second-Moment Method(MFOSM), and Advanced First-Order Second-Moment(AFOSM) method들을 강물의 오염물질 농도와 수질기준치사이의 신뢰도 분석에 적용하였다. 미환경보건국에서 개발 보급한 QUAL2E를 이용하여 New Jersey에 위치한 Passaic강의 수질예측에서 4가지 주요인자(용존산소, 생물학적 산소요구량, 암모니아 그리고 조류)들이 정해진 수질기준치를 유지 할 수 있는 확률을 세가지 방법에 의해 추정한 후에 상호 비교하였다. MC방법에 의해 2,000회 simulation시켜서 그 결과가 시스템의 추계학적 성질을 잘 반영한 것으로 판단하여 비교기준으로 삼고 MFOSM과 AFOSM에 의해 추정한 결과와 비교하였다. MFOSM의 결과보다는 AFOSM의 결과가 전체적으로 MC의 결과에 더 근접하였으며, 이유는 AFOSM의 계산방법이 MFOSM의 선형근사로 인한 오차를 줄일 수 있었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. MC방법의 결과와 다른 방법들의 결과사이의 차이가 입력변수들이 평균값에서 멀어질 때가 많았는데 이는 MC의 경우 입력변수들이 일정범위를 벗어나서 비현실적인 상황이면 model이 정지하는데, 다른 방법들은 simulation에 의한 것이 아니고 수학적인 계산에 의해서 신뢰도가 추정되기 때문에 이러한 상황이 반영될 수 없기 때문이다. 강물의 수질을 취급하는 공학적인 측면에서 보면, 이중에 가장 간편한 MFOSM이 많은 simulation이 필요한 MC나 계산방법이 상대적으로 복잡한 AFOSM에 비해 오차가 크지 않아서 이들을 대신하여 사용될 수 있다고 판단된다.

오수처리수의 관개가 벼 생육 및 토양 특성에 미치는 효과

윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun Gyeong ),권순국 ( Kwun Soon Kook ),우선호 ( Woo Sun Ho ) 한국농공학회 2000 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.42 No.3

Effect of reclaimed sewage on the paddy rice culture was examined by field experiment for two consecutive years. The domestic sewage was treated by the constructed wetland, and the effluent of the treatment wetland was used for irrigation water. The reclaimed sewage was diluted before irrigation in the first year, and it was used without dilution in the second year experiment. Growth components and yields were compared against the control plot where conventional method was applied. And also, soil characteristics of the plots before and after reclaimed sewage irrigation were analyzed. Generally, addition of the reclaimed sewage irrigation didn't affect paddy rice culture adversely and even enhancement was observed. Fertilization was thought to be important factor for rice culture rather than irrigation water quality. Conventional fertilization and reclaimed sewage irrigation which contained high nutrient concentration resulted in better growth and more yield. Unlike widespread concern lodging did not happen even in the case of irrigation with average 90mg/L of T-N and conventional fertilization. Soil characteristics changed after irrigation and significant EC increasing was observed for the reclaimed sewage irrigation plots. From soil analyses, salt accumulation could be a more potential problem than nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus in the use of reclaimed sewage irrigation. Overall, reclaimed sewage irrigation was thought to be one of practical alternatives for the ultimate disposal of sewage in rural area.

유기화합물들이 혼합상태에서 토양에 흡착하는 성질에 관한 연구

윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun Gyeong ) 한국농공학회 1995 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.37 No.2

혼합상태에서 유기화합물들이 토양에 흡착하는 성질에 관해서 5개의 유기화합물(페놀, 2,4-디크로로페놀, 2,4,6-트리크로로페놀, 부루신, 따이오유리아)과 2종류의 토양을 이용하여 연구하였다. 일반적으로 따이오유리아를 제외하고는 한가지 물질이 혼합상태에 있는 다른물질에 의해 흡착에 제약을 받아서 단독으로 있을 때 보다 흡착율이 낮았다. 따이오유리아는 단독인 경우보다 혼합상태일 때 더 많은 흡착을 보였는데 이는 혼합상태에서 오히려 흡착이 증가 할 수도 있음을 나타낸다. 혼합이 흡착에 미치는 영향은 페놀의 혼합상태와 단독상태에서의 흡착상태를 여러가지 형태로 비교하며 검토하였는데 산성이고 유기물질이 적은 토양에서 알카리성이며 유기물질이 많은 토양보다 혼합으로 인한 흡착의 억제효과가 뚜렷하였다.

침출수로 오염된 불포화사질토의 전기비저항 변화에 대한 연구

윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun Gyeong ),유찬 ( Yoo Chan ) 한국농공학회 1998 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.40 No.2

Measurement of electrical resistivity in soils has been used for many years with purpose of estimating in situ porosity or density. Recently electrical resistivity has also been used as an indicator of soil contaimination. This paper presents the result of laboratory experiment to investigate the resistivity variation in contaminated sandy soils. The results can be used with the Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) result to analyse ground condition. In the experiment, the water content and leachate concentration of soils were controlled by groundwater and leachate, and then the resistivity measurement was made with 'STING-R1' by Advanced Geosciences Inc. In the case of using groundwater, the resistivity was in the range of over 1000·Ωm, but in the case of using polluted water by leachate, the resistivity decreased significantly down to 10~100·Ωm for the same moisture content. Also the resistivity varied according to the degree of saturatrion. Therefore, if soil is contaminated by leachate, the CPT with electrical resistivity sensor might be used to investigate the contamination status and plume migration. But exact component of leachate and the pollutant concentration are still hard to identify.

인공습지 오수처리수를 이용한 벼재배 실험

윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun Gyeong ),함종화 ( Ham Jeong Hwa ),우선호 ( Woo Sunfa ),김민희 ( Kim Min Hee ) 한국농공학회 2001 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.43 No.2

A pilot study was performed at the experimental field of Konkuk University in Seoul, to examine the feasibility of the constructed wetland system for sewage and the effect of treated sewage irrigation on the paddy rice culture and its soil characteristics. The constructed wetland performed well, in that effluent concentrations of pollutants were significantly lower than concentrations of the influent. Median removal efficiencies of BOD₅ was about 78% and slightly lower during winter. Removal efficiencies form TN and TP were approximately 48 and 21%, respectively, and relatively less effective than that of BOD₅. Irrigation of treated sewage to paddy rice culture did not affect adversely in both growth and yield of rice. Instead, plots of treated sewage irrigation showed up to 50% more yield in average than the control plot. It implies that treated sewage irrigation might be beneficial to rice culture rather than detrimental as long as it is treated adequately and used properly. Soil was sampled and analyzed before transplanting and after harvesting. pH was slightly increased due to irrigation water, but it may not be concerned as long as the treated sewage is within the normal range. EC was increased in first year but decreased in second year, therefore salts accumulation in the soil could be less concerned. OM and CES was slightly increased, which might be beneficial on growing plants. TN did not show apparent pattern. Available phosphorus was decreased after rice culture, but the quantity of phosphorus(TP-available phosphorus) was rather increased which implies that excessive phosphorus supply may result in phosphorus accumulation in the soil. Overall, the constructed wetland was thought to be an effective sewage treatment alternative, and treated sewage could be reused as a supplemental source of irrigation water for paddy rice culture without causing adverse effect as long as it is treated adequately and used properly. For full-scale application, further investigation should be followed on environmental risk assessment, tolerable water quality, and fraction of supplemental irrigation.ion.

인공습지에 의한 농촌오수처리에 관한 연구

윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun Gyeong ),권순국 ( Kwun Sun Kook ),김형중 ( Kim Hyung Joong ) 한국농공학회 1997 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.39 No.4

Constructed wetland system which can be applied to the rural wastewater treatment system was examined by pilot plant in Kon-Kuk University. Hydraulic loading rate of wastewater was about 0.16m³/m² · day and theoretical detention time in the system was 1.38 days. The effluent of the septic tank for the school building was applied as inflow to the system. The influent concentration of DO was zero but effluent was up to 4.37mg/ℓ, which implies that oxygen was supplied enough from atmosphere by reaeration to support biological activity of the system. Average influent concentration of BOD was 104mg/ℓ and effluent was 24mg/ℓ with average removal rate of 76%. Average influent concentration of COD was 215mg/ℓ and effluent was 63mg/ℓ with average removal rate of 70%. Average influent concentration of SS was 78mg/ℓ and effluent was 10mg/ℓ with average removal rate of 87%. Two components, BOD and SS, are regulated by law to keep maximum water quality standard of 80mg/ℓ when daily outflow rate is less than 100m³/day which is the case of most rural communities. Therefore, the results from the experiment showed that constructed wetland system can meet the water quality standard easily. Average influent concentration of total nitrogen was 165mg/ℓ which is relatively higher than normal wastewater, and effluent was about 156mg/ℓ with average removal rate of only 5%. Average influent concentration of total phosphorus was 41mg/ℓ and effluent was 6mg/ℓ with average removal rate of 87%. Overall, constructed wetland system was thought to be effective to treat wastewater if nitrogen removal mechanism is improved. Considering low cost, less maintenance, and high treatability, this system can be a practical alternative for the wastewater treatment in rural area. The Experiment was performed during the summer and fall season, and treat ment efficiency of the system is expected to decrease in low temperature. Therefore, further study including temperature is required to evaluate feasibility of the system more in detail.

지하수 관개지역 논에서의 배출부하 특성

윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun Gyeong ),김병희 ( Kim Byoung Hee ),전지홍 ( Jeon Ji Hong ),황하선 ( Hwang Ha Sun ) 한국농공학회 2002 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.44 No.5

Discharge pattern and water quality were investigated in the drainage water from about 10 ha of groundwater-irrigated paddy field in the growing season of 2001. Total discharge quantity was about 1,117.2 mm in which about 75% was caused by management drainage due to cultural practice of paddy rice farming and the rest by rainfall runoff where total rainfall was about 515 mm. Dry-day sampling data showed wide variations in constituent concentrations with average of 26.14 mg/L, 0.37 mg/L, 3.54 mg/L at the inlet, and 43.60 mg/L, 0.34 mg/L, 3.58 mg/L at the outlet for COD_cr, T-P, and T-N, respectively. Wet-day sampling data demonstrated that generally COD_cr followed the discharge pattern and T-P was in opposite to the discharge pattern, but T-N did not show apparent pattern to the discharge. Discharge and load are in strong relationship. And based on regression equation, pollutant loads from groundwater irrigation area are estimated to be 288.34, 1.17, and 5.45 kg/ha for COD_cr, T-P, and T-N, respectively, which was relatively lower than the literature value from surface water irrigation area which implies that groundwater irrigation area might use less irrigation water and result in less drainage water, Therefore, total pollutant load from paddies irrigation with groundwater could be significantly lower than that with surface water. This study shows that agricultural drainage water management needs a good care of drainage outlet as well as rainfall runoff. This study was based on limited monitoring data of one year, and further monitoring and successive analysis are recommended for more generalized conclusion.

BASINS/WinHSPF를 이용한 남한강 상류 유역의 비점오염원 저감효율평가

윤춘경 ( Chun Gyeong Yoon ),신아현 ( Ah Hyun Shin ),정광욱 ( Kwang Wook Jung ),장재호 ( Jae Ho Jang ) 한국물환경학회 2007 한국물환경학회지 Vol.23 No.6