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윤철용,변석수 대한의사협회 2010 대한의사협회지 Vol.53 No.2
Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in Western countries and has been also one of the most rapidly increasing malignant diseases in Korean men. This disease shows diverse features in clinical course ranging from an indolent disease to a lethal one. Accordingly,underlying molecular mechanisms and genetic changes involved in the development and progression of various types of prostate cancer are very heterogeneous. Thus, investigation of pathogenesis of prostate cancer is very challenging, and, at this point of time, only a handful of molecular and genetic factors were identified as pathogenic factors for prostate cancer. Plenty of data support the strong relationship between age, race and family history and the development of prostate cancer. In addition, androgen related factors such as androgen metabolism and receptor signaling are highly correlated with tumor development and progression. Numerous genetic or epigenetic changes including gene mutation and methylation contribute to the development and progression of prostate cancer. In this article, we summarize the current understanding of the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, with a special focus on underlying genetic and epigenetic alterations.
윤철용,이정선,김보선,정성진,홍성규,변석수,이상은 대한비뇨의학회 2011 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.52 No.1
Purpose: Sunitinib malate (Sutent; Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) is a highly selective multi-targeted agent and has been reported to have potent anti-tumor effects against various tumors, including renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In this study, we explored in vitro the anti-tumor effect and related molecular mechanisms of sunitinib malate against human bladder cancer cell lines. We also determined the synergistic anti-tumor effect between sunitinib and conventional cytotoxic drugs, cisplatin and gemcitabine, in bladder cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Six human cancer cell lines (HTB5, HTB9, T24, UMUC14, SW1710, and J82) were exposed to an escalating dose of sunitinib alone or in combination with cisplatin/gemcitabine, and the cytotoxic effect of the drugs was examined by CCK-8 assay. The synergistic effect between sunitinib and cisplatin/gemcitabine was determined by the combination index (CI) and clonogenic assay. Alterations in cell cycle (cyclin D, B1), survival (p-Akt, t-Akt), and apoptosis (Bax, Bad) regulator expression were analyzed by Western blotting. Results: Like cisplatin and gemcitabine, sunitinib exerted a dose- and time-dependent anti-tumor effect in bladder cancer cells. However, sunitinib exhibited entirely different sensitivity profiles from cisplatin and gemcitabine. Sunitinib suppressed the expression of cyclin B1, p-Akt, and t-Akt while augmenting the expression of cyclin D and pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad in HTB5 cells. Analysis of the drug combination by the isobolic method and clonogenic assay revealed that sunitinib acts in synergy with gemcitabine in HTB5 cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that sunitinib malate has a potent anti-tumor effect and may synergistically enhance the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine in human bladder cancer cells. Purpose: Sunitinib malate (Sutent; Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) is a highly selective multi-targeted agent and has been reported to have potent anti-tumor effects against various tumors, including renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In this study, we explored in vitro the anti-tumor effect and related molecular mechanisms of sunitinib malate against human bladder cancer cell lines. We also determined the synergistic anti-tumor effect between sunitinib and conventional cytotoxic drugs, cisplatin and gemcitabine, in bladder cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Six human cancer cell lines (HTB5, HTB9, T24, UMUC14, SW1710, and J82) were exposed to an escalating dose of sunitinib alone or in combination with cisplatin/gemcitabine, and the cytotoxic effect of the drugs was examined by CCK-8 assay. The synergistic effect between sunitinib and cisplatin/gemcitabine was determined by the combination index (CI) and clonogenic assay. Alterations in cell cycle (cyclin D, B1), survival (p-Akt, t-Akt), and apoptosis (Bax, Bad) regulator expression were analyzed by Western blotting. Results: Like cisplatin and gemcitabine, sunitinib exerted a dose- and time-dependent anti-tumor effect in bladder cancer cells. However, sunitinib exhibited entirely different sensitivity profiles from cisplatin and gemcitabine. Sunitinib suppressed the expression of cyclin B1, p-Akt, and t-Akt while augmenting the expression of cyclin D and pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad in HTB5 cells. Analysis of the drug combination by the isobolic method and clonogenic assay revealed that sunitinib acts in synergy with gemcitabine in HTB5 cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that sunitinib malate has a potent anti-tumor effect and may synergistically enhance the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine in human bladder cancer cells.
BO-105 블레이드를 장착한 무베어링 주 로터의 훨타워 시험
윤철용,기영중,송근웅,김승범,김덕관,백승길 한국항공우주학회 2014 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.4
본 논문은 회전반경 5.82m, 4개의 BO-105 블레이드를 가지는 무베어링 로터의 정지비행 훨타워 회전시험에 관해 기술하였다. 유연보, 토크튜브와 스너버로 구성된 무베어링 로터 허브를 제작하여 조립하였고, 회전시험을 수행하기전 기본물리량 시험, 구조시험, 피로시험등 지상시험을 수행하였다. 회전시험을 위한 무베어링 로터의 회전면 높이는 9.65m이며, 하중 및 동특성 측정을 위해 스트레인 게이지를 부착하였고, 추력 및 파워는 3축 하중 밸런서를 이용하여 측정하였다. 훨타워 회전시험을 통해 무베어링 로터의 정지비행 성능, 회전 고유진동수 및 감쇠, 블레이드 단면의 구조 하중을 측정하였으며, 그 측정 결과를 해석 결과와 비교하였다. This paper describes the whirl tower rotation test of 4 BO-105 bladed bearingless main rotor with 5.82m rotor radius in hover. The bearingless rotor hub composed of flexbeam, torque tube and snubber is manufactured and assembled and the ground test such as basic properties test, structural test, and fatigue test was conducted before the whirl tower test. The height of test rotor rotation plane from the ground is 9.65m. The strain gages are used to measure the structural loads and stability, and the rotor thrust and power are measured by using 3-axis load balancer. The measurement values for hover performance, rotation frequency, damping, and loads are compared to analysis results. The test results agree well with analysis results.