초음파 처리한 하수 슬러지의 가용화와 탈수 특성 연구

윤유식 ( You Sik Youn ),김동진 ( Dong Jin Kim ),유익근 ( Ik Keun Yoo ),안대희 ( Dae Hee Ahn ) 한국환경과학회 2009 한국환경과학회지 Vol.18 No.6

천마가 중대뇌동맥 폐쇄 흰쥐의 신경세포 자연사에 미치는 영향

윤유석 ( You Suk Youn ),이종수 ( Jong Soo Lee ) 한방재활의학과학회 2009 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Objectives: This study evaluates neuroprotective effect of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on apoptosis in the cerebral infarct. Methods: Cerebral infarct was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hours with intraluminal thread method in Sprague-Dawley rats. Then ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma was administered orally for 3 days. Infarct area and volume were evaluated with TTC staining. Neuronal apoptosis was identified with TUNEL labeling. Apoptosis modulatory effect was observed with immunohistochemical Bax, Bcl-2, iNOS, and MMP-9 expressions in penumbra. Results: 1. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced infarct size partly and volume significantly of in the MCAO rat brain. 2. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced TUNEL positive cell ratio in the penumbra of MCAO rat brain significantly. 3. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma suppressed Bax, iNOS and MMP-9 expression in the penumbra of MCAO rat brain significantly. 4. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma did not change Bcl-2 expression in the penumbra of MCAO rat brain. But expression ratio of Bcl-2 against Bax was increased in the Gastrodiae Rhizoma group. Conclusions: These results suggest that Gastrodiae Rhizoma plays an anti-apoptotic neuroprotective effect through suppression of Bax, iNOS, and MMP-9 expressions and relative up-regulation of Bcl-2 in the ischemic brain tissue.

중풍환자의 보행회복에 대한 대칭패턴운동을 겸한 전침의 효과

윤유석 ( You Suk Youn ),심우진 ( Woo Jin Shim ),이종수 ( Jong Soo Lee ),김성수 ( Sung Soo Kim ) 한방재활의학과학회 2004 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Objectives: Not only but also the muscle pattern excercise(MPE) is freqeuntly used to enhance gait rehabilitation after stroke. Although many studies have indicated that each EA and MPE might improve the gait and functional recovery, there is no study about using EA and MPE stimulateously for effectively treating for gait rehabilitation and funtional recovery after stroke. So we compare the effectiveness between electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity and stimulateously muscle pattern exercise on unaffected upper extremity and only electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity. Methods: 33 stroke patients with hemiplegic stroke were randomized into two groups. 18 patients were treated by electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity and stimulateously muscle pattern exercise on unaffected upper extremity. The other 15 patients were treated by only electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity. The study was applicated a day for 20 days. The frequency of stimulation was 2Hz and intensity was set at a level sufficient to include muscle contraction. The muscle pattern exercise was elbow extension. Outcome were assessed by weight difference of both leg, modified Barthel index and temporal distant gait analysis, for example gait velocity, cadence, stride length, steps length, based of support. Results: By the end of treatment, the sample group showed significantly more improvement than the control group in the section of weight difference of both leg, cadence, stride length, steps length. Conclusions: These results support that electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity and stimulateously muscle pattern exercise is more effective than only electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity for gait rehabilitation.

대속은 어떻게 우리를 냉혹한 현실에서 구원하는가?: 대속의 이야기로서 〈마법소녀 마도카☆마기카〉

윤유석(Youn, Youseok) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2020 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.61

우로부치 겐이 각본을 담당한 샤프트 원작 TV 애니메이션 〈마법소녀 마도카☆마기카〉(2011)는 ‘마법소녀’라는 얼핏 꿈과 희망으로 가득할 것만 같은 소재를 사용하여 냉혹한 현실을 진지하게 반영한 역설적 작품으로 흔히 여겨진다. 이러한 평가는 대개 작품 속에서 묘사되는 불행과 절망을 강조하는 과정에서 주인공 마도카를 통해 이루어지는 ‘대속(substitution)’의 사건을 단순히 비현실적 요소로 치부하는 경향이 있다. 지난 10년 동안 작품에 대해 제시된 수많은 비평이 대속의 사건이 지닌 의의를 제대로 강조한 적이 없다는 사실은 대단히 의아하다. 모든 마법소녀를 비극적 운명에서 구원하기 위해 한 명의 마법소녀가 스스로 희생을 선택한다는 이야기는 그 자체로 이미 대속 서사이다. 작품을 단순히 ‘이단적 마법소녀물’로 규정하는 비평은 마도카가 다른 사람을 위해 희생을 선택하는 방식으로 비극적 운명을 넘어서는 희망을 증명한다는 사실을 간과하고 만다. 우리는 이야기가 말하는 희망을 이해하기 위해 작품을 미리 전제된 해석의 틀에 억지로 끼워 맞추려는 시도를 극복해야 한다. 본고는 우선 그동안 제시된 수많은 비평이 작품에 흐르고 있는 서사보다는 작품에 나타난 ‘절망적 세계관’과 ‘장르 해체적 시도’에만 과도하게 주목하였다고 비판할 것이다(Ⅱ). 다음으로, 작품이 보여주고 있는 이야기를 충실하게 기술하기 위해 ‘현상학적 서사 분석’이라는 비평의 방법을 해명할 것이다(Ⅲ). 여기서 ‘마법소녀’는 다른 사람을 위해 비극적 운명을 감당하는 자로서 ‘타자를 위한 존재’라는 사실이 드러날 것이다(Ⅳ). 또한 타자를 위한 존재가 빠지게 되는 불행과 절망은 작품을 통해 ‘마녀’라는 모습으로 상징적으로 표현된다는 사실이 지적될 것이다(Ⅴ). 그러나 ‘발푸르기스의 밤’으로 대표되는 마법소녀의 비극적 운명은 작품 속에서 아무런 필연성도 지니지 않는다는 사실이 논증될 것이다(Ⅵ). 오히려 타자를 위해 희생하는 대속의 사건이야 말로 작품을 성립시키는 근원적 필연성이라는 사실이 주장될 것이다(Ⅶ). Shaft’s original TV animation Puella Magi Madoka Magica (2011), written by Gen Urobuchi, is often regarded as a paradoxical work that reflects harsh reality seriously, using a material “magical girl,” which seems to be filled with dreams and hopes. These evaluations, focusing on misery and despair depicted in the animation, usually tend to dismiss the event of substitution revealed through the heroine Madoka as an unrealistic element. It is strange that numerous criticisms of the work over the past decade have never properly emphasized the significance of the event of substitution. The story of the sacrifice of one magical girl to save every magical girl from the tragic fate is, in itself, a substitutionary narrative. The criticisms, which simply define the work as a “heretical magical girl genre,” overlook that Madoka proves hope beyond tragic fate by choosing the sacrifice for others. First, I will criticize that the numerous criticisms presented so far have focused excessively on the “hopeless world view” and the “genre deconstructive attempt” of the work, rather than on the narrative flowing in the work (Ⅱ). Next, I will explain the method of criticism called “phenomenological narrative analysis” to faithfully describe the story that the work is showing (Ⅲ). Here, it will be presented that the “magical girl” is “being there for others” who takes on the tragic fate for others (Ⅳ). Besides, it will be pointed out that the misery and despair of being there for others are symbolically expressed through the work in the form of “witch” (Ⅴ). However, it will be argued that the tragic fate of magical girls represented by Walpurgis Night has no necessity in the work (Ⅵ). Rather, it will be claimed that the event of substitution as the sacrifice for others is a fundamental necessity to establish the work (Ⅶ).

요추 추간판탈출증 환자의 발병시기에 따른 보존적 치료 결과 비교 연구

윤유석 ( You Suk Youn ),이종수 ( Jong Soo Lee ),하인혁 ( In Hyuk Ha ),김주원 ( Joo Won Kim ),권혁준 ( Hyeok Joon Kwon ) 한방재활의학과학회 2008 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Objectives : To investigate therapeutic outcomes of back pain modalities in patients with disc herniation according to the duration by treated with herbal medicine, chuna, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture. Methods : We separated 36 patients with disc herniation into three group according to duration; acute patients within 4 week, subacute patients within 5-12 week, and chronic group within 13-24 week. 36 patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated with chuna therapy, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture one times a week and took herbal medicine after a meal two times daily. The patients` symptoms were assessed 1 week, 2 week, 4 week, 8 week by Visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI), 36-Item short-form health survey(SF-36). Results : 1. ODI of disability of daily activities showed significantly decreased in acute stage group compared to subacute and chronic stage groups(P<0.05). 2. Physical functioning(PF), bodily pain(BP), social functioning(SF) score of SF-36 showed significantly increased in acute stage group compared to subacute and chronic stage groups(P<0.05). Conclusions : This study suggests that acute stage group compared to subacute and chronic stage groups in patients with lumbar disc herniation is the more effective to improve symptoms treated with herbal medicine, chuna therapy, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture.

한국의 대중독서운동 중 ‘한 책’운동에 대한 사례연구

윤유라(Youn, You-Ra) 경성대학교 인문과학연구소 2017 인문학논총 Vol.43 No.-

본고는 한국에서 진행되고 있는 대표적인 대중독서운동 중 하나인 ‘한 도시 한 책 읽기’운동에 대해 분석한 것이다. 구체적으로 김해시에서 진행되고 있는 ‘김해의 책’ 사업을 중심으로 관련성과를 알아보고 분석하는 한편, 향후 개선방향에 대해 논의하였다. ‘김해의 책’ 사업은 2007년에 시작하여 총 19권의 책을 대표도서로 선정하고 독서릴레이, 가족극, 말하기 대회 등의 다채로운 프로그램을 진행하고 있었다. 연구결과, ‘김해의 책’사업은 도서선정과 프로그램의 다양성과, 사업에 대한 지속적인 평가 작업을 진행하는 등에서 그 성과와 의의를 평가할 수 있었다. 향후, 개선방향으로는 성인들에 대한 배려와 지역적 특성을 담은 프로그램 및 사업에 대한 객관적인 평가방법의 개발과 관련 인프라의 구축 등을 제시하였다. We analyzed one of the representative public reading campaigns in Korea called ‘reading a book in a city’. Specifically, we investigated the achievements of ‘a book of Gimhae’ project in Gimhae city, and discussed the direction for further improvement.‘A book of Gimhae’ project started in 2007. They selected 19 representative books, and ran various programs such as a reading relay, family plays, and speaking contests, etc. The research results indicate that it is possible to evaluate the achievement and meaning of ‘a book of Gimhae’ project, through their book selection, diversity of programs, and continuous evaluation work of the project. We suggest that, for further improvement, they should consider adults, create programs utilizing local traits, develop objective evaluation methods for the project, and organize related infrastructure.

중풍 하지마비의 재활에 건측 상지 운동요법이 미치는 효과

윤유석 ( You Suk Youn ),정석희 ( Seok Hee Chung ),이종수 ( Jong Soo Lee ) 한방재활의학과학회 2004 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Objective: The muscle pattern excercise(MPE) is freqeuntly usde to enhance stroke rehabilitation. and the electroacupunture(EA) is also used to facililitate stroke rehabilitation. Although many studies have indicated that each MPE and EA might improve the motor and functional recovery, there is no study about using MPE and EA simultaneously for effective treating for stroke rehabilitation especially lower extremity function. So we compare the effect between electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity and simultaneously elbow exercise on unaffected upper extremity and only electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity. Methods: 53 stroke patients with hemiplegic stroke were randomized into two groups. 28 patients were treated by electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity and simultaneously elbow exercise on unaffected upper extremity. The other 25 patients were treated by only electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity. The study was applicated a day for 20 days. The frequency of stimulation was 2Hz and intensity was set at a level sufficient to include muscle contraction. The elbow exercise was elbow flexion and extension. Outcome were assessed by weight difference of both leg, Fugl-Meyer score, Medical research council scale, modified Ashworth sclae, modified Barthel index and NIH. Results: By the end of treatment, the sample group showed significantly more improvement than the control group in the section of weight difference of both leg, Fugl-Meyer score, Motor Power, modified Barthel index. Conclusion: These results support that electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity and simultaneously unaffected elbow exercise is more effective than only electroacupuncture on affected lower extremity for Stroke rehabilitation.

사용 이론과 회의주의를 넘어서

윤유석(You-Seok Youn) 서강대학교 철학연구소 2022 철학논집 Vol.69 No.-

본고는 후기 비트겐슈타인의 철학이 사용 이론이나 회의주의가 아니라 정적주의로 해석되어야 한다고 지적하고자 한다. 사용 이론이나 회의주의를 통해 후기 비트겐슈타인의 철학을 설명하려는 입장은 얼핏 서로 다른 것처럼 보이더라도 사실 동전의 양면에 지나지 않는다. 두 입장은 모두 비트겐슈타인이 특정한 의미의 조건을 미리 상정한 상태에서 의미 있는 언어와 무의미한 언어를 구분하였다고 주장한다. 이러한 독해는 심지어 후기 비트겐슈타인의 철학에 대한 정통적 해석에서조차 발견된다. 그러나 의미의 조건을 바탕으로 의미의 한계를 규정하려는 시도는 의미에 대한 독단주의와 회의주의의 딜레마를 피할 수 없다. 본고는 우선 사용 이론을 통해 후기 비트겐슈타인의 철학을 해석하려는 입장과 회의주의를 통해 후기 비트겐슈타인의 철학을 해석하려는 입장을 각각 비판할 것이다(Ⅱ~Ⅲ). 다음으로, 두 입장이 전제하는 의미의 한계 개념이 후기 비트겐슈타인의 철학을 일종의 초월론적 철학으로 바라보는 정통적 해석에도 숨겨져 있다는 사실을 폭로할 것이다(Ⅳ). 마지막으로, 정적주의야말로 후기 비트겐슈타인의 철학에 대한 주석적으로 올바른 해석이자 철학적으로도 설득력 있는 입장이라고 강조할 것이다(Ⅴ). This study points out that later Wittgenstein’s philosophy should be interpreted not as a use theory of meaning or skepticism but as quietism. Although the positions trying to explain later Wittgenstein’s philosophy as a use theory of meaning or skepticism seem different from each other, they are in fact both sides of a coin. The two positions claim that Wittgenstein separates significant and nonsensical languages by postulating certain conditions for meaning. This kind of reading is sometimes found even in the orthodox interpretation of later Wittgenstein. However, the endeavor to define the bounds of sense on the basis of conditions for meaning can not escape the dilemma between dogmatism and skepticism of meaning. First, I will criticize the positions attempting to interpret later Wittgenstein’s philosophy as a use theory of meaning or skepticism (Ⅱ~Ⅲ). Next, I will expose that the idea of the bounds of sense presupposed by the two positions is hidden in the orthodox interpretation, which understands later Wittgenstein’s philosophy as a kind of transcendental philosophy (Ⅳ). Finally, I will emphasize that it is quietism that is an exegetically right interpretation of later Wittgenstein’s philosophy and a philosophically plausible position (Ⅴ).

요추 추간판탈출증 환자에 대한 한약, 봉독약침, 침, 추나요법의 유효성 평가

윤유석 ( You Suk Youn ),박원상 ( Won Sang Park ),하인혁 ( In Hyuk Ha ),이종수 ( Jong Soo Lee ),신현대 ( Hyun Dae Shin ) 한방재활의학과학회 2008 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Objectives : To investigate therapeutic outcomes of back pain modalities in patients with disc herniation; Korean medical treatments(Herbal medicine, chuna therapy, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture.). Methods : Operation(OP) recommended 20 patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated with chuna therapy, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture one times a week and took herbal medicine after a meal two times daily. The patients` symptoms were assessed 1 week, 2 week, 4 week, 6 week, 8 week by Visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI), 36-Item short-form health survey(SF-36). Results : 1. VAS(LBP and Sciatica) score was significantly improved after 8 weeks (P<0.05). 2. ODI, SF-36 score was significantly improved after 8 weeks (P<0.05). 3. There were significant changes in physical functioning(PF), bodily pain(BP), social functioning(SF), role emotinal(RE), mental health(MH) score of SF-36 after 8 weeks (P<0.05). Conclusions : This study suggests that Korean medical treatment(Herbal medicine, chuna therapy, acupuncture, bee-venom acupuncture) can be applicable to improve symptoms in patients with lumbar disc herniation.

드릴작업중 발생되는 일방향 적층 CFRP 복합재료의 손상평가 및 AE특성

윤유성(Y. S. Youn),권오헌(O. H. Kwon) 한국동력기계공학회 1999 동력시스템공학회지 Vol.3 No.2