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윤옥자,김정숙 대한에니어그램영성학회 2017 대한에니어그램영성학회지 Vol.6 No.-
Purposes: The purpose of this study is to understand childhood trauma of Enneagram’s Head-Centered types, to define their childhood trauma and behavior response, and lastly to provide coping strategies according to their type. Methods: This study is a literature review as a study on the trauma of Head-Centered types. Results: Type 5 personality experienced ambivalent emotion towards both parents in their childhood. A basic fear of this type is being overwhelmed by their environment. The passion of this type is stinginess. One of the coping strategies for this type is constant body movement. Type 6 personality had positive relationships with their father in their childhood. The basic fear of this type is being abandoned and their passion is fear. One of the coping strategies for this type is to see the reaction of their body through meditation and the need to calm their mind. Type 7 personality experienced negative emotions towards their mother in their childhood. The basic fear of this type is being deprived. The passion of this type is gluttony. One of the coping strategies for this type is to learn how to accept agony and express it through meditation. Conclusions: Trauma seems to have a related to childhood experience. To overcome these trauma they have to learn how to manage their passion. People of each type must train the appropriate coping strategy corresponding to their type.
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외환위기 전후 금리·환율·주가 변동성에 관한 분석 : 금융시장간 변동성 전이를 중심으로
윤옥자,강규호 한국은행 2004 經濟分析 Vol.10 No.1
As regulations in financial markets have been substantially alleviated through financial liberalization and market opening following the currency crisis, asset prices such as interest rates, the exchange rate and stock prices may reflect diverse information more efficiently. But at the same time, the increased volatility of asset prices may give rise to financial unrest. Based on a multivariate GARCH model, this paper studies volatility dynamics in bond, foreign exchange and stock markets and examines whether there exist volatility spillovers across the three markets in pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. The results show that there are volatility spikes where volatility increases in the short term and promptly returns to the average level in all three markets. Average volatility levels are substantially higher after crisis than in the pre-crisis period. From the aspect of volatility spillover, a shock occurring in a particular market is found to be transmitted to other markets instantly in the post-crisis period when market linkages had been augmented due to financial liberalization and capital market opening. The stock market, especially, is found to play a leading role in inter-market volatility spillovers. This is attributable to the fact that most of the foreign capital for portfolio investment since the crisis has flowed into the stock market. 외환위기를 거치면서 금융 자유화개방화의 진전으로 각종 규제와 제한이 크게 완화됨에 따라 금리, 환율, 주가 등 금융자산가격은 다양한 정보를 보다 효율적으로 반영하게 되었다. 그러나 이 과정에서 가격변동위험이 증대됨에 따라 금융불안이 심화될 가능성은 더욱 커지게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 다변량 GARCH모형을 이용하여 외환위기 전후 채권외환주식시장의 변동성 행태변화와 각 시장간 변동성전이(volatility spillover)관계를 분석한 후 정책적 시사점을 찾아보았다. 분석 결과 금리환율주가변화율에 있어서 변동성이 단기적으로 크게 확대되었다가 평균수준으로 복귀하는 변동성 급변(volatility spike)현상이 빈번하게 발생하였을 뿐 아니라 외환위기 이후 변동성의 크기가 대체로 확대된 것으로 나타났다. 변동성 전이의 측면에서는 외환위기 이후 금융시장의 자유화개방화 등으로 금융시장간 연계성이 한층 강화되면서 어느 한 시장의 충격이 다른 시장에 보다 신속하고 밀접하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 주식시장이 금융시장간 변동성 전이의 주도적 시장으로 등장한 것으로 밝혀졌는데 이는 외환위기 이후 대규모 외국인 포트폴리오투자자금이 주식시장으로 유입되었기 때문으로 보인다. 따라서 통화당국은 장기금리 안정화를 위해 채권시장뿐 아니라 주식 및 외환 시장에 대한 모니터링을 강화해야 할 것이며, 금융자산가격이 보다 안정적으로 형성되고 외부충격이 효과적으로 흡수될 수 있도록 지속적인 시장선진화와 구조조정 노력을 해 나가야 할 것이다.
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윤옥자,이내응,손일융,김덕진 한국고분자학회 2012 Macromolecular Research Vol.20 No.8
Thermomechanical and surface chemical properties of composite films of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were significantly improved by the addition of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as nanoscale fillers to the PLGA polymer matrix. Enhanced thermomechanical properties of the PLGA/GO (2 wt%) composite film,including an increase in the crystallization temperature and reduction in the weight loss, were observed. The tensile modulus of a composite film with increased GO fraction was presumably enhanced due to the strong chemical bonding between the GO nanosheets and the PLGA matrix. Enhanced hydrophilicity of the composite film due to the embedded GO nanosheets also improved the biocompatibility of the composite film. Improved thermomechanical properties and biocompatibility of the PLGA composite films embedded with GO nanosheets may be applicable to biomedical applications such as scaffolds.
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윤옥자 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.11
Composite nanofibers of polyethylene oxide (PEO)/bacterial cellulose whisker nanoparticles (BCW NPs) and PEO/functionalized bacterial cellulose whisker nanoparticles (f-BCW NPs) were fabricated by an electrospinning process. BCW NPs were prepared using a blender in order to increase the filler density in composite nanofibers. Nitrogen functionalization of the f-BCW NPs was performed by plasma treatment using a microwave oven. The chemical bonding between the nitrogen functional groups of f-BCW NPs and the hydroxyl groups of the polymer chains in the PEO matrix was enhanced by the nitrogen functionalization. The average diameter of the PEO/f-BCW NP composite nanofibers was slightly larger than that of PEO nanofibers and PEO/BCW NP composite nanofibers at the same concentration. The melting temperature (Tm), crystallization temperature (Tc), and weight loss of PEO/f- BCW NP composite nanofibers decreased compared to those of the PEO nanofibers and PEO/BCW NP composite nanofibers. This was a result of the f-BCW NPs hindering the crystallization of the PEO nanofiber structures. The strong interfacial interactions between the f-BCW NP nanofillers and the polymer matrix increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) compared to PEO nanofibers and PEO/BCW NP composite nanofibers. These results demonstrated that N2 plasma treatment of BCW NPs embedded in PEO nanofiber was a useful tool for improving their thermal characteristics for biological applications.
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