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초식동물 배설물로부터 분리한 Bacillus sp. H9-1의 섬유소 분해효소생 산 최적화
윤영미(Young Mi Yoon),안기홍(Gi Hong An),김중곤(Jung Kon Kim),차영록(Young-Lok Cha),박유리(Yu Ri Park),안종웅(Jong-Woong Ahn),문윤호(Youn-Ho Moon),안승현(Seung-Hyun Ahn),구본철(Bon-Cheol Koo),박광근(Kwang-Geun Park) 한국생물공학회 2013 KSBB Journal Vol.28 No.1
This study was performed to find cellulolytic strain of enzymatic saccharification for bioethanol production. Cellulolytic strains were isolated from 59 different feces of herbivores from Seoul Grand Park located in Gwacheon Gyeonggi-Do. The celluloytic strain was selected by congo red staining and DNS method. Among the isolated strains, H9-1 strain isolated from the feces of rabbit has the highest CMCase activity. H9-1 strain was identified as Bacillus sp. based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The optimal conditions for CMCase activity by Bacillus sp. H9-1 were at 40oC and at initial pH 8.
흰 코뿔소 배설물로부터 분리한 Bacillus pumilus H10-1의 Xylanase 활성
윤영미(Young Mi Yoon),안기홍(Gi Hong An),김중곤(Jung Kon Kim),안승현(Seung-Hyun Ahn),차영록(Young-Lok Cha),양정우(Jungwoo Yang),유경단(Kyeong-Dan Yu),문윤호(Youn-Ho Moon),안종웅(Jong-Woong Ahn),구본철(Bon-Cheol Koo),최인후(In-Hoo Cho 한국생물공학회 2014 KSBB Journal Vol.29 No.5
Xylanase have been used to convert the polymetric xylan into fermentable sugars from the production of ethanol and xylitol from plant biomass. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify xylanolytic bacterium from herbivore feces and was to used the xylanase for enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. Xylanolytic strains were isolated from 59 different feces of herbivores from Seoul Grand Park located in Gwacheon Gyeonggi-do. The xylanolytic strains were selected by congo red staining and DNS method. Total 67 strains isolated from the herbivores feces were tested for xylanase activity. Among the strains, H10-1, which has the highest xylanase activity, was isolated from feces of Ceratotherium simum. The H10-1 strain was identified as Bacillus pumilus based on its morphological/biochemical characteristics and partial 16S rDNA gene sequences. Culture conditions of B. pumilus H10- 1 such as initial medium pH, incubation temperature and incubation time were optimized for maximum xylanase production. And also xylanase produced by B. pumilus H10-1 was applied for the saccharification of Miscanthus sacchariflorus cv. ‘Geodae 1’, which was pretreated with 1.5M NaOH. The optimized culture conditions of B. pumilus H10-1 were pH 9, 30oC incubation temperature, and 7 day incubation time, respectively. This xylanase activity under the optimized conditions was 20.4±3.3 IU. The crude xylanase produced by B. pumilus H10-1 was used for the saccharification of xylan derived from pretreated ‘Geodae 1’. The saccharification conditions were 50℃, 200 rpm, and 5 days. Saccharification efficiency of pretreated ‘Geodae 1’ by B. pumilus H10-1 was 8.2%.
오원석(Oh, Won Suk),윤영미(Youn, Young MI),이경화 韓國貿易商務學會 2011 貿易商務硏究 Vol.50 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of LD Clause against the seller's breach of contract in connection with delivering the goods in the international sales contract, and international guarantee system using standby L/C or demand guarantee. For this purpose, the author, first, considered the outline of the buyer's remedies in cases that the seller had not performed his obligations in contract and the difficulties in the buyer's remedies. As alternatives for overcoming the difficulties, this author recommended the LD Clauses (Liquidated Damage Clauses) based on ICC Model International Sales Contract, and explained each Model Clause. To enhance the feasibility of LD Clause, this author suggested the guarantee system, like the standby L/C or demand guarantee. But these guarantee systems have several limitations in practical use. Thus, these guarantee systems would greatly contribute to Korean exportation in the future. The reason is that the Korean export structure would be more complex and the period of sales contract would be longer and longer, which result to in long-terms supply contracts. These changes would require the guarantee much urgently.
Paenibacillus jamilae BRC15-1의 Cellulase 생산 최적화
차영록(Young-Lok Cha),윤영미(Young-Mi Yoon),윤하얀(Ha-Yan Yoon),김중곤(Jung Kon Kim),양지영(Ji-Young Yang),나한별(Han-Beur Na),안종웅(Jong-Woong Ahn),문윤호(Youn-Ho Moon),최인후(In-Hu Choi),유경단(Gyeong-Dan Yu),이지은(Ji-Eun Lee),안기 한국생물공학회 2015 KSBB Journal Vol.30 No.6
In this study was selected the cellulolytic microorganism and investigated optimum condition of cellulase production for the cellulosic bioethanol production. A bacterial strain Paenibacillus jamilae BRC15-1, was isolated from soil of domestic reclaimed land. For optimizing cellulase production from the selected strain, various culture parameters were investigated such as culture medium, pH (pH 4~10), temperature (25~50℃) and culture time (2~72 h). As a result, P. jamilae BRC15-1 efficiently produced cellulase from cellulosic biomass under following conditions: 24 h of culture time (pH 7, 40℃) in manufactured media of CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) with peptone. Optimum saccharifying condition of crude enzyme produced from P. jamilae BRC15-1 was identified on pH 6 and 40℃ of reaction temperature, respectively. This crude enzyme from P. jamilae BRC15-1 was used for saccharification of pretreated sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. dulciusculum Ohwi) bagasse under the optimal condition. Finally, pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse including 0.1 g of glucan was saccharified by crude enzyme of P. jamilae BRC15-1 into 2.75 mg glucose, 0.79 mg xylose and 1.12 mg arabinose.
국제물품매매계약에서 매도인의 계약위반에 대한 매수인의 손해배상청구권 행사의 문제점
오원석(Oh, Won Suk),윤영미(Youn, Young Mi),임성철(Lim, Sung Chul) 한국무역상무학회 2013 貿易商務硏究 Vol.58 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to examine the problems in exercising buyer’s right to claim damages for the breach of contract by the seller in international sales contract and to suggest reasonable counter-measures. The main contents are as follows: First, this author analyzed the principles of the seller’s liability for damages in detail and examined the methods for the calculation of damages on the basis of Arts.74~77. As these articles are found to be insufficient in practical application, this author further examined the UNIDROIT Principles(2004) to confirm whether these Principles can fill the gaps of CISG or not, which turned out their gap-filling functions. Second, this author tried to find any expected problems when the buyer resorts to the right to claim damages in case of the seller’s breach of contract including the estimation of damages, the burden of proof, causation, the proof of appropriateness for avoidance, the proof of buyer’s obligation to mitigate the loss and so on. The reason is that these problems may cause a lot of difficulties in real business. As result, many buyers have given up their reasonable rights to claim damages so far. Finally, from the buyer’s perspective, this author would like to suggest a liquidated damage clause(LD Clause) which gives the buyer to received a specified sum in case of seller’s non-performance and/or a demand guarantee(or standby L/C) which guarantees buyer to secure unconditional payment independent of the underlying contract. For these purposes, the buyer should try to insert the LD Clause and/or Guarantee Clause in the contract when the buyer and the seller negotiate the sales contract. Also there are a lot of considerations and limitations in using the LD Clause and the Guarantee Clause in their real business, mainly dependent up bargain power between the seller and the buyer, for which this author promise to examine in detail in the future.
Potassium Chloride 및 Acetylcholine 이 위저평활근수축에 미치는 영향
황장용(Jang Yong Hwang),안병철(Byeong Cheal Ahn),윤영미(Young Mee Youn),김성국(Sung Kook Kim),권영오(Young Oh Kweon),최용환(Yong Hwan Choi),정준모(Joon Mo Chung),김중영(Choong Young Kim) 대한내과학회 1995 대한내과학회지 Vol.49 No.5
N/A Objectives: To examine the relation of acety1choline(ACh)-and potassium chloride(KCl)-induced contraction to utilization of extracellular calcium in gastric smooth muscles, we studied. Methods: Using isolated longitudinal muscle of mouse gastric fundus, ACh-and KC1-induced isotonic contractions were compared with the contractions in the presense of calcium channel antagonists (diltiazem, verapaimil). Results: 1) By the addition of ACh(10(-2)mM), submaximal contractions developed at 30second, then to be maximal level of contraction at 1minute which sustained for 6minutes. However, by the addition of KCl(1,8mM), the smooth muscle contraction progressively increased to reach maximal level at 6minutess, 2) The ACh-induced contractions were not affected by various concentration of diltiazem(4.4±10(4)~4.4±10(-3)mM) and verapamil(7.3±10(-3),6±10(-2)mM). However, the KCl-induced contractions were depressed by diltiazem and verapamil in dose-dependently. Conclusion: These results suggest that KCI- induced contractions of gastric fundus smooth muscle utilize extracellular calcium, however Ach-induced contractions of the smooth muscle do not.
국제무역거래에서 사용되는 독립보증계약 체결시 당사자의 유의사항에 관한 연구
오원석(Won-Seok Oh),송정남(Jung-Nam Song),윤영미(Young-Mi Youn) 한국국제상학회 2010 國際商學 Vol.25 No.4
Regarding payment terms used in international trade, the ratio of the remittance method has been steadily increasing even though letters of credit were mainly used in former days. Remittance method is based on the other party's credit so there is always a possibility in failure to collect payments since international trade is different from domestic trade and it is easier to breach a contract by the other party's act or omission. Furthermore, there is also non-performance risk in international trade too. As a tool to supplement this risk, independent guarantees in international trade have been widely used around the world and it might be in greater use in the future. However, concerning independent guarantees, the dispute as a suit has continued. An independent guarantee is a valid legal contract where each implied content is given very important status. This paper deals with the matters to be attended to by the parties at the conclusion of an independent guarantee contract used in international trade.