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미육군 6・25전쟁 공식전사 서술의 특징과 한계— Ebb and Flow의 1951년 춘계전역 관련 내용을 중심으로 —
윤시원 수선사학회 2022 사림 Vol.- No.82
The U.S. Army’s Official History of the Korean War, United States Army in the Korean War series is a standard work on the military operations of the U. S. Army and its allies during the Korean War. This 4 volumes study has great prestige in the English speaking world. But these studies have some problems. One of the problems is that this work didn't pay enough attention to the operations of the Army of the Republic of Korea. Ebb and Flow, the work of Billy C. Mossman and the last book of this series, also have the same problem. In Mossman’s work, the South Korean Army is depicted as an inexperienced and incapable organization. Of course, this kind of narrative has enough historical basis. But during the Korean War, the South Korean Army carried out some successful military operations. So it is very unrighteous to only focus on the negative aspect of the South Korean Army. There is a need for more balanced works about the Korean War.
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윤시원 수선사학회 2023 사림 Vol.- No.85
The Korean War was the first total war that South Korea experienced as a modern nation-state. South Korea mobilized all the nation's capabilities to carry out the war. However, Korea's economic system was not suitable for carrying out a modern war. Korea's industry was centered on primary industries such as agriculture and fisheries. South Korea was unable to produce the supplies needed to carry out a modern war on its own, so it had to rely on U.S. military aid. Through U.S. military aid, Korea's military power was rapidly strengthened. In the second half of the Korean War, the Korean army engaged in an American-style war of attrition, which consumed a large number of artillery ammunitions. The South Korean Army's ammunition consumption exceeded overwhelmingly the Soviet-backed communist army's ammunition consumption. Through this, the Korean military was able to achieve important military victories such as the Battle of Hill 395(White Horse Mountain) and the Battle of Sniper's Ridge in the second half of the year 1952. The Korean military's capabilities have been greatly strengthened through U.S. military aid. But it was based on U.S. military assistance. American military assistance was a double-edged sword. The South Korean army was able to wage a war of attrition on a scale similar to that of major powers through military aid. In fierce battles such as the Battle of the Hill 395, the number of artillery ammunitions used by the Korean army exceeded that of Germany’s Wehrmacht and Soviet Red Army during World War II. This was possible due to military assistance from the United States. U.S. military assistance was a key factor in determining the combat power of the South Korean army. U.S. military aid declined after 1953, so the South Korean army also had difficulty maintaining its military effectiveness. This problem also appeared in many countries that built army with the support of the United States. The Army of the Republic of Vietnam and the Afghan army are similar examples. The modern experience through the war of attrition during the Korean War posed an important task for the high-ranking officers of the Korean Army. For the Korean Army to maintain its achievements during the war, it had to increase its industrial capability so that Korea could wage a war of attrition. The korean political and military elites recognized the need for industrialization through the experience of the Korean War.
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한국 육군 엘리트 집단의 형성과 주한미군사고문단 : 1948~1950
윤시원 한국사학회 2024 사학연구 Vol.- No.155
1948년 8월 15일 대한민국 정부가 수립된 직후 국내 정세는 불안정했다. 이러한 상황에서 군대를 안정적으로 관리하는 일은 중요했다. 이 중에서도 군 수뇌부를 구성하는 고급 장교단을 관리하는 문제가 핵심이었다. 한국 국방부와 주한미군사고문단은 정치적으로 안정적인 군 장교단을 만들기 위해 노력했다. 그러나 양측의 접근 방식은 차이가 있었다. 초대 국방부장관인 이범석은 반공주의에 기반한 군대를 건설하려고 했다. 군대의 정치사상을 중시하는 이범석의 태도는 군사고문단과 갈등을 초래했다. 이범석은 정치적으로 신뢰할 수 있는 광복군과 일본군 출신 군사경력자들을 기용했다. 군사고문단은 미군정 시기에 육성한 국방경비대 출신의 장교들을 한국 육군의 수뇌부에 기용하려고 했다. 이로 인해 이범석은 초기부터 군사고문단과 충돌했다. 군사고문단은 미국의 군사원조를 매개로 한국 국방부에 압력을 가할 수 있었다. 하지만 이범석은 군부는 물론 정치권에서도 세력을 가지고 있었다. 1948년부터 1949년 초 까지 이범석은 군사고문단의 압력에도 불구하고 군 수뇌부의 인사에 그의 의도를 관철할 수 있었다. 이범석은 이승만 대통령과 정치적으로 갈등 관계에 있었다. 결국 이승만 대통령과의 갈등으로 이범석은 국방부장관에서 물러났다. 1949년 3월 신성모가 국방부장관에 취임하면서 상황이 바뀌었다. 신성모는 군사고문단에 협조적이었고, 이범석이 육성한 중국군 출신 장교단에 비판적이었다. 육군 총참모장에 30대의 채병덕이 임명된 것도 군사고문단에게 유리하게 작용했다. 채병덕은 이범석과 친분이 있었으나, 이범석이 지지하는 40∼50대의 고급 장교들에 대해서는 비판적이었다. 채병덕과 군사고문단의 이해관계는 일치했다. 채병덕과 갈등을 빚던 제1사단장 김석원이 해임된 후 군 수뇌부는 20∼30대의 청년 장교들이 장악하게 되었다. 6·25전쟁 직전 한국 육군 수뇌부는 채병덕을 중심으로 하는 청년 장교들이 주류를 이루게 되었다. Immediately after the establishment of the government of the Republic of Korea on August 15, 1948, the domestic situation was unstable. Under these circumstances, control of the military was crucial. The main problem was the management of the high-ranking officers who formed the military leadership. The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of Korea and the Korean Military Advisory Group (KMAG) made efforts to create a politically stable officer corps. However, the two sides took different approaches. Lee Bum-seok, the first minister of defense, tried to build an army based on anti-communism. Lee's emphasis on the political ideology of the military led to conflicts with American military advisors. Lee appointed politically reliable personnel from the former Korean Independence Army and the former Japanese army officers. Military advisors tried to appoint officers from the Korean Constabulary, which they had promoted during the United States Army Military Government in Korea, to head the Korean army. This led to Lee's conflict with the American military advisers. Military advisers were able to exert pressure on the Korean Ministry of Defense through the US military aid. However, Lee Bum-seok had influence not only in the military but also in the political community. From 1948 to the beginning of 1949, despite the pressure from the United States, Lee was able to carry out his intention in the personnel management of the military leadership. Lee Bum-seok was in political conflict with President Syngman Rhee. Eventually, Lee Bum-seok resigned as minister of defense because of the conflict with President Syngman Rhee. Things changed when Shin Sung-mo took office as Minister of National Defense in March 1949. Shin was supportive of the American military advisers and critical of the ex-Kuomintang army and ex-Korean Independence Army officers whom Lee Bum-seok had promoted. The appointment of Chae Byong-duk, who was in his 30s, as army chief of staff also benefited the Americans. Although Chae was close to Lee Bum-seok, he was critical of the high-ranking officers in their 40s and 50s supported by Lee. Chae and the American military advisers had a common interest. Young ROK army officers in their 20s and 30s took control of the military leadership after the dismissal of Kim Suk-won, the commander of the 1st Division, who was at odds with Chae. Just before the Korean War, the leadership of the Korean army was dominated by young officers. Chae Byong-duk was at the center of this group.
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윤시원,강민영,이태훈,정성욱 대한이비인후과학회 2014 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.57 No.11
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) evolves most commonly from the pharyngeal recess posteromedial to the medial crura of the Eustachian tube opening in the nasopharynx. Therefore unilateral middle ear effusion with hearing loss is a common presenting symptom of NPC, and its presence in adult patients make physicians suspect NPC. Recently, we experienced a 72- year-old female patient with advanced NPC which invaded Eustachian tube and middle ear cavity. She had long standing chronic otitis media with large perforation of tympanic membrane. Because of tympanic membrane perforation, she did not have any Eustachian tube-related symptoms such as newly developing ear fullness or hearing loss and even the physician had overlooked the diagnosis of NPC. Her NPC was diagnosed at a very advanced stage after performing biopsy of middle ear tumor. This case report shows that NPC can present with very unusual findings like middle ear tumor. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2014;57(11):787-91
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