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Influence of Cu Doping and Heat Treatments on the Physical Properties of ZnTe Films
최동일,윤세왕,김동환,Choe, Dong-Il,Yun, Se-Wang,Kim, Dong-Hwan Materials Research Society of Korea 1999 한국재료학회지 Vol.9 No.2
Thermally evaporated ZnTe films were investigated as a back contact material for CdS/CdTe solar cells. Two deposition methods, coevaporation and double-layer methods, were used for Cu doping in ZnTe films. ZnTe layers (0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$ thick) were deposited either on glass or on CdS/CdTe substrates without intentional heating of the substrates. Post-deposition annealing was performed at 200,300 and $400^{\circ}C$ for 3,6 and 9 minutes, respectively. Band gap of 2.2eV was measured for both undoped and doped films and a slight change in the shape of absorption spectra was observed in Cu-doped samples after annealing at $400^{\circ}C$. The resistivity of as-deposited ZnTe decreased from 10\ulcorner~10\ulcornerΩcm down to 10\ulcornerΩcm as Cu concentration increased from 0 to 14 at.%. There was not a noticeable change in less of annealing temperature up to $300^{\circ}C$ whereas films annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ revealed hexagonal (101) orientations as well. Some of Cu-doped ZnTe revealed x-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks related with Cu\ulcornerTe(x=1.75~2). Grain growth was observed from about 20nm in as-deposited films to 50nm after annealing at $400^{\circ}C$ by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cu distribution in ZnTe films was not uniform according to Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) measurements.
Xylooligosaccharide 의 랫트에 대한 급성 경구독성
이지완,이창승,윤세왕,오화균,양창근,박윤재,이운택,류보경,강부현 한국식품위생안전성학회 1999 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.14 No.3
The acute toxicity of xylooligosaccharide(XO) was evaluated in SD rats. Groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were orally administered XO (0, 5000 or 10000 ㎎/㎏). The changes of body weight and clinical signs were investigated for 14 days after treatments. No death and toxic effects were observed for 14 days. Soft stool and diarrhea appeared right after treatment for over dose and non-digestive feature of XO but these clinical signs disappeared on the next day. No significant changes in body weight and abnormal gross findings were observed in relation to XO. According to the results, XO has no special toxic effects and LD50 values of XO are above 10000 ㎎/㎏ in male and female rats.
Xylooligosaccharide 의 랫트에 대한 아급성경구독성
이지완,이창승,윤세왕,양창근,이운택,류보경,강부현,박윤제 한국식품위생안전성학회 2000 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.15 No.2
The subacute toxicity of xylooligosaccharide (XO) was evaluated in SD rats. Groups of 60 male and 60 female rats were orally administered with 0, 333, 1000 or 3000 mg/kg of XO for 13 weeks. The changes of body weight, food and water consumption were investigated for 17 weeks, while heamatological values and histopathological findings were investigated at the end of the 13 weeks and 17 weeks including 4 weeks of recovery periods. No death and toxic effects were observed during the test periods. There were statistically significant changes in several parameters, but these change had no direct relationship to dosage. Clinical changes were general occurrence and no specific toxicity was related to XO. Gross necropsy and histopathology revealed that no target organs were found in the treated mouse with XO. According to the results, no-observed effect level of XO is estimated to be above 3000 mg/kg.
Xylooligosaccharide 의 복귀돌연변이시험
이지완,이창승,윤세왕,오화균,양창근,이운택,류보경,강부현,박윤제 한국식품위생안전성학회 1999 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.14 No.3
To evaluate the bacterial reverse mutation of xylooligosaccharide(XO)s the in vitro Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537) and Escherichia coli (WP2 uvrA) was performed. XO was negative in Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli with and without rat liver microsomal enzyme (S-9 fraction). According to the results, XO does not cause bacterial reverse mutation.
Cu도핑이 CdS / CdTe 태양전지의 후면전극의 거동에 미치는 영향
안호균(Hokyun Ahn),윤세왕(Sewang Yoon),김동환(Donghwan Kim) 한국태양에너지학회 2000 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
CdTe 태양전지에 Cu로 도핑된 carbon paste를 배면전극으로 사용했을 때의 전지 성능과 photoluminescence (PL) 특성을 고찰하였다. 배면전극으로는 CuCl₂가 첨가된 Cu-doped carbon paste와 진공증착된 Cu/Au가 사용되었다. Cu로 도핑된 배면전극의 최적 열처리조건은 120℃에서 30분이었으며, PL로 부터 defect band의 감소를 확인하였다. 열처리 온도를 300℃ 이상 증가시키면 defect band는 더 크게 감소하였는데, 전지의 성능은 저하되었다. CuCl₂로 도핑된 CdTe에서는 donor-acceptor pair(DAP) transition(1.55ev)이 관찰되지 않았으나, AgNO₃로 Cl을 제거한 경우에는 DAP transition이 관찰되어졌다. Cl을 제거한 경우 전극과 CdTe사이의 접착상태가 불량하였으며, 따라서 전지의 성능이 저하되었다. CuCl₂ 첨가시 열처리 온도를 낮추어서 CdTe 표면에 도핑하는 것이 중요하며, Cl이 전지의 전기적, 광학적 거동에 영향을 미친다는 것을 PL을 통해 확인하였다.
태양전지용 실리콘 기판의 절삭손상 식각 조건에 의한 곡강도 변화
강병준,박성은,이승훈,김현호,신봉걸,권순우,변재원,윤세왕,김동환,Kang, Byung-Jun,Park, Sung-Eun,Lee, Seung-Hun,Kim, Hyun-Ho,Shin, Bong-Gul,Kwon, Soon-Woo,Byeon, Jai-Won,Yoon, Se-Wang,Kim, Dong-Hwan 한국재료학회 2010 한국재료학회지 Vol.20 No.11
We have studied methods to save Si source during the fabrication process of crystalline Si solar cells. One way is to use a thin silicon wafer substrate. As the thickness of the wafers is reduced, mechanical fractures of the substrate increase with the mechanical handling of the thin wafers. It is expected that the mechanical fractures lead to a dropping of yield in the solar cell process. In this study, the mechanical properties of 220-micrometer-solar grade Cz p-type monocrystalline Si wafers were investigated by varying saw-damage etching conditions in order to improve the flexural strength of ultra-thin monocrystalline Si solar cells. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution were used as etching solutions. Etching processes were operated with a varying of the ratio of KOH and TMAH solutions in different temperature conditions. After saw-damage etching, wafers were cleaned with a modified RCA cleaning method for ten minutes. Each sample was divided into 42 pieces using an automatic dicing saw machine. The surface morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical microscopy. The thickness distribution was measured by micrometer. The strength distribution was measured with a 4-point-bending tester. As a result, TMAH solution at $90^{\circ}C$ showed the best performance for flexural strength.