알칼리 및 설페이트 펄트화중의 리그린반응

윤병호 한국목재공학회 1982 목재공학 Vol.10 No.4

모텔리그닌의 펄프化 處理 및 廢液 리그닌의 反應生成物로부터 알칼리 및 설페이트 펄프化中에 일어나는 反應樣式을 凋謝한 것이다. 알칼리의 處理結果는 親核試藥에 의해 페놀레이트 이온이 生成, 퀴논메타이드 中間體를 걸쳐 C_6 - C₃ 單位의 α位 aryl은 脫離하여, 리그닌은 低分子化가 시작되고, 低分子生物은 縮合反應에 의해 極히 一部는 高分子化된다. 低分子化된 리그닌은 酸化에 의해 퀴노이드 着色構造를 形成한다. 페놀성의 一部 및 非페놀성리그닌은 oxirane와 thiirane의 中間體를 거쳐 C_6 - C₃ 單位의 β位의 arylether가 脫離된다. 그러나, hydrosulfide 이온은 hydroxide 이온 보다 强한 親核種이므로 thiirane의 中間體 生成이 容易하여 開裂이 더욱 促進된다. 低分子리그닌의 高分子縮合은 벤젠核의 2.6 位보다 5位에 縮合이 많이 일어난다.

Comparison of Postoperative Infection-Related Complications between Cemented and Cementless Hemiarthroplasty in Elderly Patients: A Meta-Analysis

윤병호,서정국,구경회 대한정형외과학회 2017 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.9 No.2

Background: The purpose of this review was to assess the risk of infection-related complications following cemented and cementless hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for published randomized clinical trials comparing cemented hemiarthroplasty with cementless hemiarthroplasty in patients with a femoral neck fracture and more than 65 years of age. Eight randomized controlled trials were available for analysis. A meta-analysis (with a fixed-effects model) and a metaregression analysis (with continuous variables) were performed. Results: The 8 trials included 1,204 hips (608 cemented and 596 cementless). There was no significant difference between the cemented and cementless groups regarding the incidence of deep infection, superficial infection, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection. The overall incidence of postoperative deep infection was 2.3% (14/608) in the cemented group and 1.2% (7/596) in the cementless group (relative risk, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 4.14; I2 = 0%; p = 0.206). No publication bias was found in the funnel plot. Conclusions: Results of our meta-analysis suggest that when selecting a fixation method for hemiarthroplasty, infection-related postoperative complications are not the determinant factor to consider.

Preoperative Iron Supplementation and Restrictive Transfusion Strategy in Hip Fracture Surgery

윤병호,이범석,원희재,김형국,이영균,구경회 대한정형외과학회 2019 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.11 No.3

Background: Hip fracture surgery (HFS) is often associated with perioperative blood loss, and it frequently necessitates transfusion. However, the hemoglobin (Hb) threshold for transfusion remains controversial in hip fracture patients. We evaluated the usefulness of the restrictive strategy and preoperative intravenous iron supplementation in HFS. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,634 patients (> 60 years of age) who underwent HFS between May 2003 and June 2014 and were followed up for 1 year or more after surgery. We used the liberal transfusion strategy until May 2009 to determine the transfusion threshold; afterwards, we switched to the restrictive transfusion strategy. Patients with the restrictive transfusion strategy (restrictive group) received intravenous iron supplementation before surgery. We compared the transfusion rate, morbidity, and mortality of the restrictive group with those of the patients with the liberal transfusion strategy (liberal group). Results: Preoperative intravenous iron supplementation was not associated with any adverse reactions. The transfusion rate was 65.3% (506/775) in the liberal group and 48.2% (414/859) in the restrictive group (p < 0.001). The mean hospital stay was shorter in the restrictive group (21.5 vs. 28.8 days, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the postoperative medical complications including myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular event. Mortality at postoperative 30, 60, and 90 days was similar between the two groups. Conclusions: Our blood management protocol involving restrictive strategy combined with preoperative intravenous iron supplementation appears to be effective and safe in HFS of elderly patients.

Contemporary Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Cerebral Palsy: Does It Work?

윤병호,이영균,하용찬,구경회 대한정형외과학회 2015 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.7 No.1

Background: Adult patients with cerebral palsy (CP), who have advanced degenerative arthritis of the hip, have been treated withresection arthroplasty and arthrodesis. Although total hip arthroplasty (THA) has also been used as one of the alternative options,there are few studies on contemporary bearings used in THA. Therefore, we evaluated the results of the contemporary ceramic-onceramicTHA in adult patients with CP. Methods: From January 2005 to December 2007, five adult CP patients (5 hips) underwent THA using contemporary ceramic-onceramicbearings. All patients were able to stand or ambulate with intermittent use of assistive devices at home. We retrospectivelyreviewed the series to determine the results of THA in terms of pain relief, improved function, and durability of prosthesis. Results: There were 3 men and 2 women with a mean age of 35.9 years. All patients had pain relief without decline in mobilitypostoperatively. One hip was dislocated, which was treated successfully with closed reduction and an abduction brace for 2months. There was no ceramic fracture, loosening, or osteolysis during the mean follow-up of 6.8 years (range, 5.8 to 8.3 years). Conclusions: Cementless THA using contemporary ceramic-on-ceramic bearings is a useful option for the treatment of advanceddegenerative arthritis of the hip in ambulatory adults with CP.

은염 홀로그래픽 회절격자의 제작에서 표백과 노광량의 촉매작용에 관한 새로운 해석

윤병호,김남,Yun, Byeong-Ho,Kim, Nam 한국광학회 1996 한국광학회지 Vol.7 No.4

본 논문에서는 은염 재료를 이용한 홀로그래픽 위상형 회절격자 제작에서 각 단계별 화학처리에 대하여 고찰하고 표백방법중 반전표백이 화학적으로 일어날 수 없는 반응이라는 결과를 얻었으며 표백에 대한 새로운 해석을 하였다. 표백방법과 표백액의 종류에 따라 진행되는 화학반응. 반응생성물, 그 특성과 굴절율 변조형태에 대하여 실험 고찰하였다. 노광량이 현상 반응의 촉매로 작용하여 현상시간에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실험하고 최적의 현상 반응시간을 구하여 노광량 50-350[.mu.J/$cm^{2}$] 범위에서 70% 이상의 높은 회절효율을 갖는 회절격자를 제작하였다. 현상액의 농도, 노광량과 현상시간 등 화학적 처리 조건의 상관관계의 실험을 통해 고정된 노광량과 일정하게 정해진 화학적 처리시간만으로는 회절효율을 향상시킬 수 없다는 실험적 결론을 얻었다. In this paper, the chemical process of each step in fabricating the holographic phase diffraction grating with silver salt sensitive materials has been studied in detail. A new analysis of the bleaching methods have been made through the study. The result shows that among the types of bleaching methods, the reversal bleach can not be reacted chemically. And the experiments about the chemical reactions, the characteristics of the reaction products and the refractive modulation types by the bleaching methods have been done to prove the theory. It is investigated that the exposure acts as the catalyst of developing reaction and affects the developing reaction time conspicuously. At the optimum developing reaction times, which could be taken from the experiments, the holographic diffraction gratings with high diffraction efficiency over 70% could be obtained in the range of the exposure quantity 50~350 [$\mu$J/ $\textrm{cm}^2$]. From the experiments about the correlation of the chemical processing conditions of the composition of developers, the exposure, and the developing reaction time, it has proved that the enhancement of the diffraction efficiency is impossible in the limited exposure energy and conventional constant chemical reaction time.

펄프 표백시 산소와 이산화염소의 상호작용(1)리그닌 모델화합물 연구

윤병호,김세종,최경화 한국펄프·종이공학회 2002 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

펄프 표백시 산소와 이산화염소의 상호작용(2)-탄수화물의 분해-

윤병호,김세종,초경화,김영훈 한국펄프·종이공학회 2003 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

Citation Analysis of the Journal of Bone Metabolism from Korean Citation Index, Web of Science, and Scopus

윤병호,황보권,정은애,김덕윤 대한골대사학회 2021 대한골대사학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Background: Nine years have passed since the Journal of Bone Metabolism (JBM) was launched as an English journal in 2012; it was finally included in Scopus in January 2019. Therefore, this study aimed to provide evidence of increased international recognition based on journal metrics and reflect on its efforts to be recognized as a top-notch journal. Methods: Databases, such as the Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Korean Citation Index (KCI), and citation indicators, including the impact factor (IF) and SCImago journal rank (SJR) were reviewed and calculated according to years, and the results were drawn. Furthermore, country-wise contributions and top-cited articles were also investigated. Results: The JBM 2020 IF was 2.17 in the WoS. The 2020 SJR in Scopus was 0.334, with a ranking of 165/219 (75.3%) in the Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism category. The 2020 KCI was 0.42. Of 263 articles, 260 were citable (98.9%), and of 176 original articles, 15 (8.5%) were supported by research grants. The total citation of JBM has increased from 16 in 2014 to 141 in 2020; however, its KCI remained stationary from 0.29 in 2015 to 0.42 in 2020. Conclusions: Currently, JBM is increasingly cited by international researchers than Korean researchers, indicating that the journal’s content is valued at an international level. Its inclusion in PubMed Central appears to have increased its international relevance; however, publishing English-only articles may hinder its use domestically. Therefore, efforts should be made to increase citation rates and enhance domestic readership.

pH와 첨가제에 의한 이산화염소의 분해율 및 펄프표백 효과(1)-표백 중에서 이산화염소의 분해와 Chlorate의 생성-

윤병호,김용식,Li Jun Wang 한국펄프종이공학회 1998 펄프.종이기술 Vol.30 No.3

Elementally Chlorine Free (ECF) bleaching will be superior than Totally Chlorine free (TCF) bleaching, not only because they have no significant difference in effluent toxicity, but also those pulps bleached by ECF have higher brightness, strength, yield, etc., over those by TCF. With this belief, this paper focused on the chemistry of chlorine dioxide decomposition and ionization, both in water solution and in pulp slurry. Special attention was paid to chlorate ion because there have been controversies as how it is formed and what its behavior to the end pH of pulp bleaching is. As a result, during ionization of chlorine dioxide with water, both chlorate and chlorite were found to increase with increasing pH, but during ionization with pulp, chlorite was found to increase with end pH while chlorate decreased with increasing end pH. In the case of ionization with water, the disproportion equation $2CIO_2 + OH^{-} \lightarrow H_2O + CIO_3^{-} + CIO_2^{-}$ was thought to become the main reaction with the increasing pH, while in the case of ionization with pulp, the reaction $HCIO + CIO_2^{-}\lightarow H^{+} + Cl^{-} + CIO_3^{-}$ was the main reaction contributing to the formation of chlorate. Based on this above opinion, the contrary results of chlorine dioxide ionization from different researchers were discussed and explained.

pH와 첨가제에 의한 이산화염소의 분해율 및 펄프 표백효과(2)-첨가제가 chlorate 생성량의 감소와 펄프 표백 효과에 미치는 영향

윤병호,왕립군 한국펄프종이공학회 1999 펄프.종이기술 Vol.31 No.4

In CLO2 delignification and bleaching process, formation of chlorate corresponds to a loss of 20-36% of the original CKO2 charge. Because chlorate is inactive and harmful to environmental, it will be of benefit to find methods that can reduce the formation of chlorate during chlorine dioxide bleaching. Chlorate is mainly formed by the reaction HCIO +ClO2 $\longrightarrow$H+ + Cl_ +ClO3-2 On the other hand, AOX in chlorine dioxide bleacing is formed also due to the in-situ produced hypochlorous acid. THus both AOX and chlorate could be reduced by addition of hypochlorous acid. Some paper son the reduction of AOX by additives appeared , but systematic data on chlorate reduction as well as pulp and effluent properties are not available. THus this paper of focused on the effects on the reduction of chlorate and chlorine dioxide bleachability. The additives, fulfamic a챵, AMSO, hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid were found to eliminate chlorine selectively in chlorine and chlorine dioxide mixture.However, when they were added to bleaching process, sulfamic acid and DMSO showed significant reduction of chlorate formation but hydrogen peroxide and oxalic aicd did not, and significant amount ofhydrogen peroxide was found resided in the bleaching effluent , In addition, sulfamic acid and DMSO decreased the bleaching end ph values while hydrogen peroxide and oxalic acid did not, which also indicated that hydrogen peroxide and oxalic acid were ineffective. The difference might be ascribed to the competitives of hypochlorous acid with lignin, chlorite (CKO2) and additives. Sulfamic acid and DMSO showed better pulpbrightness development but less alkaline extraction efficiency than hydrogen peroxide , oxalic acid and control, which means that insitu hypochlorous acid contributes to the formation of new chromophore structures that can be easily eliminated by alkaline extraction. DMSO decreased the delignification ability of chlorine dioxide due to the elimination of hypochlorous acid, but sfulfamic acid did to because the chlroinated sulfamic acid had stable bleachability. In addition, sulfamic acid, and SMSO shwed decreased color and COD of bleaching effluents, hydrogen peroxide decreased effluent color but not COD content, and oxalic acid had no statistically significant effects. No significant decreases of pulp viocosity were found except for hydrogen peroxide. Based on our results , we suggest that the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide on the reduction of AOX in literature might be explained by other mechanisms not due to the elimination of hypochlorous acid , but to the direct decomposition of AOX by hydrogen peroxide.