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Our contemporaries can be said to be the world of materialism, the machine and standardization, in which inhumane values increasingly thrive on chaos and disorder. Every individual can not be what he or she is and has become an endlessly small human beings. Isolation and suffering have become the condition of existence. However, Bernard Malamud, who has written since 1950's, never lose the belief in the human nature among this chaos and despair. He is, in some sense, the writer of existential humanism. Because he proclaims that all the individuals must choose the best behavior with their own free will, and assume the responsibility for other's action. Also Malamud proclaims that every individual must commit himself actively to the process of bringing justice and order to the society. Malamud is a kind of "American-Jewish writer"who is under the influence of American Romanticism as well as Jewish folk literature tradition. He uses "Jewishness"as the central metaphor in most of his works. It contains an ethical symbolism which represents the existential agony of modern man, who inevitably experiences the disparity between the real and the ideal. And Malamud uses the types of "schlemiel-schlimazel"as his main characters. These characters realize the true self-identity and develop into mature human beings who willingly suffer for others. But, before, they must experience the "Prison"situation, which symbolizes all the unavoidable human limitations. Malamud wrote many short stories and novels. Most of his novels deal with human freedom and humanity through the characters' self-knowledge after their suffering. When facing and accepting suffering, most of his characters realize suffering as the nature of human conditions, on account of the suffering they have experienced, and thereby they understand the true meaning of life. Malamud is a pursuer of a better life through past suffering. He emphasizes the altruism that we should sacrifice ourselves for others. All Malamud's novels are about our common activities. He shows the standard of life through the most realistic and imminent problems in our times. His novels are basically the stories of the pursuit of a new life through suffering, self-knowledge, and moral rebirth. In The Assistant I intend to approach the process of self-recognition of Frank Alpine, who suffers because of self-disintegration, but who develops into a mature person through the relation with Morris Bober who is his spiritual father as well as his teacher. Consequently, The Assistant deals with Frank Alpine, who overcomes his individual immorality and devotes himself to a family larger than an individual. We will have to restore our humanity by bearing the messages of Bernard Malamud's novels in our mind - accepting and enduring the suffering in life, acquiring morality. That is our immediate task in this world where human nature has been lost. Malamud devoted all his life to changing "you and me"into "us"which is our original self. In this sense, Malamud can be a great teacher and moralist of our time and his works can be highly valued.
Uniformity of Milled Rice and Automatic Whiteness Control Doo-Hyun Yoon Dept. of Bio-Mechtronic Engineering The Graduate School of Sungkyunkwan University Rice Processing Complex(RPC) have been contributing to reduce cost and labor power after harvesting paddy, to enhance the quality of rice and efficiency of distribution system, to support the function of government purchase of rice, and to develop the related system, as a center collecting the high moisture paddy and producing high quality and safe milled rice. It is necessary to decrease the price and to increase the quality through reduction of production cost and the increase of milling yield, because price and quality of milled rice are main factors to determine the competitiveness, But there is no milling standard and automatic quality control system to produce high quality and uniform milled rice in RPC. Because the RPC should produce the milled rice depending on only experience of the technician, the degree of milling of milled rice produced in RPC are different according to RPC and production period. Therefore, it is urgent to establish milling standard and to develop control technology of milling quality and related technology through analysis of the effect of factors on milling quality analysis. This study was conducted to establish milling standard and to develop control system of milling factors for production of high quality milled rice in RPC. The specific objectives of this study were as follows; 1) To study effects of degree of milling and nonuniform milling on the quality of milled rice and sensory quality of cooked rice. 2) To develop color models of milled rice depending on the degree of milling, and to study the optimum whiteness level applicable to RPC. 3) To evaluate the uniformity of milled rice using CBB index. 4) To develop a measuring and automatic control system of whiteness and milling degree. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The sensory quality level of cooked rice was higher, as whiteness level increases as well as the uniformity milling. Also the quality loss could be reduced at the same manner. 2. Within 20% degree of milling, the degree of milling is increased lineally related with the whiteness, and a sigmoid type model was developed. The coefficient of determination was 0.990, with RMSE of 0.877. 3. Considering the sensory quality of cooked rice, efficiency of milling, bran removal and broken kernel ratio collectively, the efficient milling conditions at RPC were 40 to 41 of whiteness and 8.9 to 9.2% of milling degree. 4. In milling process, bran removal started at the belly and back, followed by side and embryo, and finally bran was removed from groove. 5. The uniformity of milling could be expressed by CBB index. The CBB index decreased as the increase of milling degree and whiteness, and an exponential model was developed. The coefficient of determination of the developed model was more than 0.99. 6. A whiteness measuring module was developed, and whiteness level measured by the developed whiteness module and by a standard whiteness meter resulted in higher correlation of 0.9856 coefficient of determination, which showed it could be used in field. 7. An on spot whiteness measuring module was developed, and it took 10 seconds to measure one time of whiteness. 8. A CBB index measuring system was developed, and it showed very good results comparing with the NMG dyeing method. 9. An automatic milling system was tried with the experimentally developed measuring devices, and it took 90 seconds to reach the target whiteness level from brown rice.
쓰루풋 회계를 활용한 도크 내 선박 혼합 건조 의사결정 방법론에 대한 연구
윤두현 울산대학교 자동차선박기술대학원 2013 국내석사
대표적인 주문 생산 방식인 조선 산업에서의 영업 활동은 일반 제조업과는 다른 프로세스를 가진다. 조선 산업의 영업은 향후 조선 시황을 분석한 후 수주할 선박을 사전에 계획하여 선표라는 일정계획표에 기재함으로써 시작된다. 수주 예상되는 선박들로 구성된 선표에 의해 조선소는 중장기 경영 전략 및 경영 목표를 수립하게 되고, 지속적인 영업활동을 통해 이익을 실현하게 된다. 선표 작성 시 고려할 사항은 조선 시황 분석에 따른 영업 전략선의 선정과 건조할 선박의 구성이다. 건조할 선박의 구성은 조선소의 제약자원인 도크설비와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 도크는 물리적으로 크기가 고정적이기 때문에 도크 내에 건조할 수 있는 선박의 크기와 선박 수는 제한적이다. 그래서, 선표 작성 시 도크 내에서의 선박 혼합 건조의 최적화는 조선소의 미래를 결정하는 중요한 사안이다. 하지만 현재의 선표는 매출액 증가, 부하평준화 등의 목표로 작성하고 있으며 기업의 이익 창출보다는 부분적인 최적화에 주력해 왔다. 이런 결과로 조선소에서는 선가가 높은 선박을 우선 수주하려는 경향을 보이고 있다. 특히, 영업부서에서는 매출 증대에서도 제약설비인 도크의 소요시간을 고려하지 않고 선가가 높은 선박을 우선 수주하려는 경향을 보이고 있으며 선표 담당 부서에서는 부하평준화만을 고려한 최적화에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선표의 최적화 작성을 위해 도크 내에서의 선박 혼합 건조 의사결정 방법론을 제시하였다. 의사결정의 우선순위를 제약이론(TOC)의 성과지표인 쓰루풋과 제약자원의 사용시간 관점에서 결정하도록 하였으며, 제약 자원의 사용기간이 서로 다른 다양한 크기의 선박들을 배치(Batch)단위로 혼합 건조할 시에 고려해야 할 사항들을 도출하였다. 도크 내 선박 배치에 있어서도 성과를 최대로 할 수 있는 최적화된 배치 형태를 정의하였고, 도크배치를 위한 선박의 크기 구분을 단순화하고 신속한 의사결정을 위한 선박 배치 알고리즘 개발하여 적용하였다. 제시된 방법론의 실효성을 검증하기 위하여 M조선소의 영업선표에 적용하였으며, 적용 후 매출액은 35%, 쓰루풋은 64%, 영업이익은 225% 증가하는 효과가 있었다.
In playing the clarinet, breathing is the most fundamental and important element, furthermore other elements are effected by breathing such as controlling the flow of air. The employment of breathing in playing the clarinet uses abdominal breathing. The most fundamental step of breathing in playing is to maximize the capacity of the lungs. for that, the player should do abdominal breathing in the proper position. The proper position enables the capacity of the lungs maximized with an ideal state of the diaphragm. The mouth should be the shape of comparably less outflow of air. The player should bite the mouthpiece in the most natural and comfortable condition. Without the support of breathing, good embochure cannot be obtained. In noticing difficult scales, the player can have great results with putting more emphasis on breathing than finger techniques. Breathing influences interval, tone color, and the balance of high tone and low tone. Moreover, it affects rhythm. Therefore, recognition of proper breathing is always needed in playing the clarinet. Every person has a very different body, so the structure of lungs and the embochure are totally different. Similar embochures can result in very different sounds because the individuals physical structure varies from person to person. On the contrary very different embochures can result in very similar sounds. Excessive inhaling of air can be a obstacle in the playing the clarinet. The inhaling only means the extention of the capacity of the lungs. The player should not extensively inhale while playing. Simple phrases need simple breathing. The most fundamental preparation in playing the clarinet is to decide the control of breathing for the phrasing of the music. It is very important for the player to breathe suitably for the music, and the breathing will always change for each type of music.
Ar 이온빔 에칭 방법으로 제조된 TiO2 나노콘의 반사율 및 광전류 특성에 관한 연구
최근 TiO2의 전기적, 광학적 특성과 광촉매 특성에 대하여 광범위하게 연구가 진행되어지고 있다. TiO2는 비교적 큰 밴드갭 에너지를 지닌 물질로써 가시광 영역에서 높은 굴절률과 화학적으로 매우 안정한 특성을 지니고 있기 때문에 광학 박막 코팅에 자주 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 나방눈 구조를 갖는 TiO2 박막을 제작하기 위해 hybrid coat 산화 방법을 이용하여 다공성 TiO2 나노튜브를 형성시키고, 형성된 TiO2 나노튜브를 Ar 이온빔 에칭방법으로 나노콘을 제조하였다. 유사 나방눈 구조를 갖는 나노콘의 특성은 FE-SEM, AFM, XRD, UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer, AutoLab PGSTAT를 이용하여 분석하였다. Hybrid coating system을 이용하여 타이타늄 박막을 증착한 결과, 분당 20nm의 증착률을 나타내었으며, 최종적으로 1.2μm의 균일한 박막을 얻을 수 있었고, 양극산화 공정을 통해 형성된 TiO2 나노튜브를 Ar 이온빔을 이용하여 300분간 에칭을 진행하여, 8mm x 8mm 영역에 균일한 형상의 TiO2 나노콘을 얻을 수 있었다. 나노튜브에서 나노콘의 형상으로 변화되었을 때 약 18%의 반사율이 감소되었고, 표면 거칠기 또한 감소되었다. TiO2 나노콘의 내부 임피던스 측정결과 TiO2 나노튜브와 비교하여 1/3수준으로 감소하였으며, 광감응도가 약 2배가량 증가하였다.