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유철(Chul Yu),최현욱(Hyun-Wook Choi),김종태(Chong-Tai Kim),안순철(Soon-Cheol Ahn),최성원(Sung-Won Choi),김병용(Byung-Yong Kim),백무열(Moo-Yeol Baik) 한국식품과학회 2007 한국식품과학회지 Vol.39 No.5
유과 제조 시 제조 시간을 단축할 수 있는 소재를 개발하기 위하여 찹쌀전분을 POCl3와 반응시켜 가교화 찹쌀전분을 제조하고 이들의 물리화학적 특성을 연구하였다. 가교화 찹쌀전분의 치환율은 0.04-2.73으로 나타났으며, 팽윤력은 일반 찹쌀전분에 비해 약간 증가되는 경향을 보였으며 용해도는 일반 찹쌀전분보다 낮은 경향을 보였다. 등온흡습곡선은 가교화에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 전분의 pasting 특성을 검토한 결과, 호화개시온도는 가교화에 따른 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 최대점도, holding strength, final viscosity, setback은 일반 찹쌀전분보다 높아지는 결과를 나타냈다. 열적특성은 호화개시온도, 최대호화온도, 호화종결온도 그리고 호화엔탈피 모두 각 전분간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. X-ray 회절 분석 결과로 볼 때, 가교화 찹쌀전분 및 일반 찹쌀전분 모두 A형의 결정 형태를 나타내었고, 상대적 결정화도의 차이가 나타나지 않는 것으로 보아 가교화가 찹쌀전분의 결정형영역에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 보여진다. 가교화 찹쌀전분을 사용하여 제조한 유과의 경우 일반 찹쌀을 장시간 침지한 후 제조한 시료와 비슷한 팽화율을 나타내었으며 시료의 변색 반응이 나타나지 않는 것으로 보아 유과 제조용 소재로서 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. In this study, waxy rice starch was chemically modified using phosphorous oxychloride (POCl<sub>3</sub>, 0.002-0.008%). Then the physicochemical properties of resulting cross-linked waxy rice starches were investigated in order to reduce the steeping time of Yukwa (a Korean oil-puffed rice snack) processing. The swelling powers of the cross-linked waxy rice starch samples were higher than the native waxy rice starch at temperatures above 60℃, and their increases were proportional to the POCl<sub>3</sub> concentration. The solubility of the cross-linked waxy rice starch was lower (1.6-3.4%) than the native waxy rice starch (2.7-6.1%). However, the moisture sorption isotherm of the cross-linked waxy rice starch was not significantly different from the native waxy rice starch. The rapid visco analyzer (RVA) pasting temperatures (65.4-67℃) of the cross-linked waxy rice starch were lower than those of the native starch (67℃). The RVA peak viscosities (287-337 RVU) of the cross-linked waxy rice starch were higher than that of native starch (179 rapid visco units (RVU)), and increased with increasing POCl<sub>3</sub> concentration. For the differential scornning calorimeter thermal characteristics, although Tc shifted toward higher temperatures with cross-linking, the To, Tp, and amylopectin melting enthalpy of the cross-linked waxy rice starch showed no differences compared to the native waxy rice starch. The X-ray diffraction patterns of both the native and cross-linked waxy rice starches showed typical A-type crystal patterns, suggesting that cross-linking mainly occurs in the amorphous regions of starch granules. Therefore, the cross-linking reaction did not change the crystalline region, but altered the amorphous region of the waxy rice starch molecules, resulting in changes of solubility and RVA pasting properties in the cross-linked waxy rice starch. In summary, since cross-linked waxy rice starch has a high puffing efficiency and no browning reaction, it may be applicable for Yukwa processing without a long steeping process.
X-means 클러스터링을 이용한 악성 트래픽 탐지 방법
한명지(Myoungji Han),임지혁(Jihyuk Lim),최준용(Junyong Choi),김현준(Hyunjoon Kim),서정주(Jungjoo Seo),유철(Cheol Yu),김성렬(Sung-Ryul Kim),박근수(Kunsoo Park) 한국정보과학회 2014 정보과학회논문지 Vol.41 No.9
악성 트래픽은 디도스 공격, 봇넷 통신 등의 인터넷 망을 교란시키거나 특정 네트워크, 서버, 혹은 호스트에 피해를 끼칠 의도를 가지고 발생시키는 트래픽을 지칭한다. 이와 같은 악성 트래픽은 인터넷이 발생한 이래 꾸준히 양과 질에서 진화하고 있고 이에 대한 대응 연구도 계속되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 악성 트래픽을 기존 X-means 클러스터링 알고리즘을 적용하여 효과적으로 탐지하는 방법을 제시하였다. 특히 악성 트래픽의 통계적 특징을 분석하고 클러스터링을 위한 메트릭을 정의하는 방법을 체계적으로 제시하였다. 또한 두 개의 공개된 트래픽 데이터에 대한 실험을 통해 실효성을 검증하였다. Malicious traffic, such as DDoS attack and botnet communications, refers to traffic that is generated for the purpose of disturbing internet networks or harming certain networks, servers, or hosts. As malicious traffic has been constantly evolving in terms of both quality and quantity, there have been many researches fighting against it. In this paper, we propose an effective malicious traffic detection method that exploits the X-means clustering algorithm. We also suggest how to analyze statistical characteristics of malicious traffic and to define metrics that are used when clustering. Finally, we verify effectiveness of our method by experiments with two released traffic data.
김정일,김병권,김정원,채창호,이철호,강동묵,김지홍,김진하,김영욱,이영하,이지호,김정호,윤형렬,유철인,정백근,장태원,김운규,윤동영,강진욱,김종은,안진홍,이동준,장준호,이광영,송혜란,최영희,이용환,조병만,최홍렬,고상백,김은아,이유진,홍영습,정갑열,김정만,김준연 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.1
Objective: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases Methods: l l hospital participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted. Results: Between April 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7%) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9%). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6%) and 4 (12.1%) cases of occupational asthma, the agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10(58.8%) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5(29.4%) as adenoma. Conclusion: This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.