방향보어 "하거(下去)"의 통사구조 및 의미기능 분석

유수경 ( Su Kyong Yu ) 한국중국언어학회 2010 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.32

만성 신장질환 환자에서 추정 사구체 여과율에 따른 부갑상선 호르몬, 비타민 D의 변화

유수경 ( Su Kyong Yu ),조진희 ( Jin Hee Cho ),임남규 ( Nam Kyu Lim ),이명희 ( Myoung Hee Lee ),박진선 ( Jin Sun Park ),박인휘 ( In Whee Park ),신규태 ( Gyu Tae Shin ),김흥수 ( Heung Soo Kim ) 대한신장학회 2008 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.27 No.1

목적: 만성 신장질환 환자에서 여러 가지 무기질 대사의 장애가 초래된다는 것은 널리 알려진 사실이다. 국내에는 신대체요법을 시행받고 있는 말기 신부전 환자에서 이차성 부갑상선기능항진증에 관한 연구는 많이 이루어지고 있으나, 만성 신장질환의 초기 단계에서의 부갑상선 호르몬과 비타민 D에 관한 자료는 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 신대체요법을 시행받지 않고 있는 만성 신장질환 환자에서 사구체 여과율에 따른 부갑상선호르몬과 비타민 D의 변화 및 기타 무기질 대사 관련 물질과의 연관성을 조사하고자 한다. 방법: 2006년 5월부터 2007년 4월까지 아주대학교 병원에서 이전에 비타민 D 제제를 복용한 경험이 없으며 신대체요법을 받지 않은 환자들 중 MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study) 공식을 이용하여 계산한 사구체 여과율이 60 mL/min/1.73m2 미만인 환자를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 사구체 여과율을 기준으로 만성 신장질환(Chronic Kidney Disease, CKD) 단계 3, 4, 5에 해당되는 환자에서 혈청 부갑상선호르몬, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 혈청 칼슘 및 인 등을 측정하여 평균을 구하였으며 이차성 부갑상선기능항진증과 비타민 D결핍의 유병률 및 사구체 여과율과 혈청 칼슘, 인, 부갑상선 호르몬, 비타민 D와의 연관성을 알아보았다. 결과: 총 113명의 환자 중 만성 신장질환 3단계 환자는 32명, 4단계 환자는 37명, 5단계 환자는 44명이었으며 평균 혈청 부갑상선호르몬은 만성 신장질환 3단계에서 81.9±58.5 pg/mL, 4단계에서 148.0±139.5 pg/mL, 5단계에서 315.0±208.3 pg/mL였다. 부갑상선기능항진증 (intact PTH>65 pg/mL)의 유병율은 각 단계별로 56.3% (18/32예), 70.3% (26/37예), 95.5% (42/44예)로 나타났다. K/DOQI 가이드 라인에서 만성 신장질환 단계에 따라 목표 iPTH를 다르게 정의하고 있으므로 이에 따라 이차성 부갑상선기능항진증의 유병률을 구해보면 만성 신장질환 단계 3, 4, 5에서 각각 46.9% (15/32예), 45.9% (17/37예), 20.5% (9/44예)로 나타났다. 혈청 25-hydroxyvitamin D가 15 ng/mL 미만인예는 만성 신장질환 3단계에서 86.2% (25/29예), 4단계에서 75.7% (28/37예), 5단계에서 88.4% (38/43예)로 나타났다. 또한 혈청 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D가 25 pg/mL 미만인예는 만성 신장질환 3단계에서 22.7% (5/22예), 4단계에서 50.0% (6/12예), 5단계에서 62.5% (10/16예)로 나타났다. 사구체 여과율과 혈청 칼슘, 인, 부갑상선호르몬, 비타민 D와의 상관관계 분석에서 사구체 여과율은 혈청 부갑상선호르몬(r=-0.531, p=0.000), 혈청 인 (r=-0.357, p=0.000), alkaline phosphatase (r=-0.214, p=0.023)와 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (r=0.587, p=0.000), 혈청칼슘 (r=0.459, p=0.000)과는 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 사구체 여과율과 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r=0.095, p=0.326)는 의미있는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 이차성 부갑상선기능항진증 및 비타민 D 결핍은 만성 신장질환의 조기 단계에서부터 시작됨을 알 수 있었다. 국내에서 신대체요법 시행 전의 만성 신장질환 환자에서 사구체 여과율의 저하에 따른 부갑상호르몬과 비타민 D의 변화를 수치화한 최초의 연구이며, 앞으로 보다 많은 환자를 대상으로 한 전향적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 만성 신장질환 1단계와 2단계에서도 이러한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Disturbances of mineral metabolism are common during the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may lead to serious and debilitating complications unless properly treated. The purpose of this study is to quantify the prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency in non-dialysed chronic kidney disease 3, 4, and 5 in Korea. Methods: This study included patients who had documented eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m2 and non-dialysed and had not received any vitamin D compounds. eGFR was calculated by simplified MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study) equation. Blood samples were collected for serum creatinine, calcium, phosphate, intact PTH and vitamin D metabolites between May 2006 and April 2007. Results: According to K/DOQI guideline, the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism was 46.9% (15/32) in stage 3 (iPTH>70 pg/mL),45.9% (17/37) in stage 4 (iPTH>110 pg/mL) and 20.5% (9/44) in stage 5 patients (iPTH>300 pg/mL). The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D3<15 ng/mL) was 86.2% (25/29) in stage 3, 75.7% (28/37) in stage 4 and 88.4% (38/43) in stage 5. There was a negative correlation between eGFR and intact PTH (r=-0.531, p=0.000) and a positive correlation between eGFR and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (r=0.587, p=0.000). Conclusions: So far as non-dialysed CKD patients in Korea are concerned, quantification of the prevalence of abnormality of intact PTH and vitamin D deficiency has been described in this study. More research should be conducted in the future in a prospective, multi-center community cohort study, of which subjects include the early stages like CKD 1 and 2.

IACL23 논문 : "상위"공간개념 언어성분에 관한 의미지도 연구 -중국어 "상(上)/상면(上面)/상변(上邊)", 한국어 "위/상", 영어 "on"의 비교 연구-

유수경 ( Su Kyong Yu ) 한국중국언어학회 2015 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.61

漢語的“上(面/邊)”、韓語的“wi(위)/sang(상)”和英語的“on”都具有“射體位于地標之上”的語義,但是타們表達的抽象意義和時間意義却有所不同。對此,本稿通過語義地圖,明示了“上(面/邊)”、“wi(위)/sang(상)”和“on”之間的語義關系。“上(面/邊)”、“wi(위)/sang(상)”和“on”都含有 [上方]、[接觸]、[具體] 這些基本的語義特征,但是語義的擴張方向却各不相同。漢語的“上(面/邊)”具有[上方]、[接觸]的語義特征,병從表達“接觸的上方”這一具體語義,逐步向表達“抽象空間”的語義進行擴展。韓語固有詞彙“wi(위)”在“空間意義”的語義擴展方式上與漢語的“上(面/邊)”相同,병且衍生出了[上方]的抽象意義。韓語的漢字詞彙“sang(상)”與固有詞彙“wi(위)”呈現互補,表達了“wi(위)”所不具備的部分語義英語“on”從[接觸]這一語義特征出發,衍生出其他引申義。“on”所引申出的“時間”義是“上(面/邊)”和“wi(위)/sang(상)”所不具備的。由于基本語義和語法化机制的不同,導致了“上(面/邊)”、“wi(위)/sang(상)”和“on”在語義上的差異。진管如此,“上(面/邊)”、“wi(위)/sang(상)”和“on”都具有從“位置”到“空間”、從“具體”到“抽象”乃至“時間”等語義擴張的共性。本稿透過語義地圖,用一目了然的方式展現了三種語言在認知上所具有的相關性。本稿分析了不同語言的語義擴展方式,조出了不同語言在語義擴張上所具有的相同点和不同点,期待今后通過對其他語言中具有“空間”개念的詞彙所進行的比較和分析,能構勾화出更廣闊、更精密的語義地圖。

존현문 ‘Np1+來(了)+Np2’구문의 장소주어 ‘Np1’과 존현의미의 관계 고찰

柳秀京(Yu Su-kyong) 중국어문학연구회 2012 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.73

IgA 신증에 동반된 만성 고요산성 신증

조진희 ( Jin Hee Cho ),유수경 ( Su Kyong Yu ),박정일 ( Jung Il Park ),이명희 ( Myoung Hee Lee ),임남규 ( Nam Kyu Lymm ),박인휘 ( In Whee Park ),김흥수 ( Heung Soo Kim ),임현이 ( Hyun Ee Yim ),신규태 ( Gyu Tae Shin ) 대한신장학회 2008 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.27 No.2

IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis and characterized by deposition of IgA in glomerular mesangial area. Chronic urate nephropathy is characterized by precipitation of uric acid crystals in the collecting ducts and medullary interstitium. We report a case of IgA nephropathy associated with chronic urate nephropathy. A 57 year old man underwent percutaneous renal biopsy for gross hematuria, generalized edema and renal failure. Renal biopsy showed typical findings of IgA nephropathy: increased mesangial matrix, cellular proliferation and positive staining of IgA. In addition, crystalline deposits of uric acid, which is typical of chronic urate nephropathy, were seen in the medullary interstitium.

자동 복막투석의 지속성 복막투석과 비교한 임상적 특징

조진희 ( Jin Hee Cho ),유수경 ( Su Kyong Yu ),박인휘 ( In Whee Park ),김흥수 ( Heung Soo Kim ),신규태 ( Gyu Tae Shin ) 대한신장학회 2010 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.29 No.4

Purpose: Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is increasingly used due to freedom from daytime exchanges and flexibility of prescription. In this study, we compared APD with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) to assess the influence of mode of PD on various measures of clinical performance. Methods: We followed 26 APD patients prospectively over a 12-month period and compared them with 16 CAPD patients in whom examinations of dialysis dose and residual renal function (RRF) at least twice during the 1st one year after dialysis were done. Weekly Kt/V urea (Kt/V) and standard creatinine clearance (SCCr) of PD, and RRF (24hr urine creatinine clearance) were measured at 1st month, 6th month and 12th month after start of dialysis. In addition, serial biochemical tests were analyzed every three months during this period. Results: No statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics, RRF, SCCr and Kt/V were observed between APD and CAPD patients. Serum concentrations of bicarbonate, hemoglobin, and calcium tended to be higher in the APD group and actually serum bicarbonate levels at 9 months, calcium levels at 12 months and hemoglobin levels at 6 and 9 months were significantly higher in APD patients (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum sodium concentrations and peritonitis rate between the two groups. Conclusion: No significant differences were observed between APD and CAPD in Kt/V, SCCr and RRF for one year after start of PD. APD, however, may be advantageous in improving several biochemical markers such as blood levels of hemoglobin, bicarbonate, and calcium compared to CAPD.

언어유형론적 관점에서 본 중국어 방언의 결과상/진행상 표지의 변이 유형과 발전 기제

박정구(Park, Jung-ku),유수경(Yu, Su-kyong),강병규(Kang, Byeong-kwu) 한국중어중문학회 2019 中語中文學 Vol.- No.75

In this paper, we have investigated the variations of resultative and progressive aspect makers in 153 Chinese dialects corresponding to ‘zhe(着)’ and ‘zai(在)’ following the verbs in Mandarin. This study shows that there are various asymmetrical phenomena of ‘zhe(着)’ and ‘zai(在)’ in terms of their distributions, functions or usage overlapping, and that there are many different types of aspectual systems in different dialects: the same form can function as a resultative aspect or a progressive aspect while several different forms in a dialect can have the same aspectual function. In Chinese dialects, ‘zhe(着)’-type markers commonly indicate a state resulting from a preceding action, referred to as ‘resultative aspect’. They are grammaticalized from the verbal complement, and in many Chinese dialects ‘zhe(着)’-type markers are developed to progressive aspect makers through metaphoric semantic expansion. It’s why many dialects including Mandarin have ‘zhe(着)’-type markers indicating stative resultative meaning and active progressive meaning. In many Chinese dialects, ‘zai(在)’-type markers following verbs denote the state resulting from action. In some dialects, there may be cases that ‘zai(在)’-type markers are not followed by the locative phrases. It shows that ‘zai(在)’ can be regarded as an resultative aspect maker functionally equivalent to ‘zhe(着)’. In Mandarin, “Zai chifan ne(在吃饭呢)” and “Chi zhe fan ne(吃着饭呢)” have similar aspectual meanings which are layered into the same aspectual category through the grammaticalization process. In Chinese dialects, ‘zhe(着)’-type markers which are grammaticalized from the verb with the meaning of ‘attachment’ always follow verbs, whereas ‘zai(在)’-type markers can either precede verbs or follow verbs. It is due to the structural and semantic constraints. Both ‘zhe(着)’ and ‘zai(在)’ preceded by a verb follows the Principle of Temporal Sequence. But ‘zai(在)’ preceding a verb is grammaticalized from the verb that took the whole verb phrase as its object, while ‘zhe(着)’ can not have such a structural origin. In this paper, we have classified and analyzed the various aspectual types and systems of ‘zhe(着)’ and ‘zai(在)’ in Chinese dialects. This study on the resultative aspect and progressive aspect with empirical evidence and theoretical explanation shows that the development of the Chinese aspectual system has been following the universal tendency of human language evolution along the path of grammaticalization of aspect markers.

설문 조사에 근거한 중국어 문장부호 "分號"의 어법 특성과 조사대상자 특성별 분석

박은석 ( Eun Sok Park ),유수경 ( Su Kyong Yu ) 한국중국언어학회 2015 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.57

在現代漢語標點符號當中,分號是使用頻率較高的標點符號之一。不過因爲韓語裏沒有相應的標點符號,因此一般韓國學生흔難掌握好分號的功能。到目前爲止,關于標點符號的硏究大都知識從整體上對타們進行槪括性的分析,而對分號所進行的專題硏究却寥寥無幾。因此,我們採用問卷調査的方式,對學生對於分號功能的了解和使用情況進行了考察。根據調査結果,學生對於分號的功能的了解程度(旣正確率爲33.99%)遠低於逗號(66.35%)和冒號(71.18%)。我們按照複句結構的語義關係,把分號所出現的文章分爲“倂列”、“對比”、“選擇”、“轉折”、“因果”、“分合”這7種來興竝進行分析。結果顯示“倂列”和“對比”的分號使用正確率較高,約爲54%,“選擇”、“轉折”、“因果”、“分合”的正確率爲29~35%,“遞進”的正確率最低,僅爲24%。爲了了解個人情況對分號使用造成的影響,我們還對被調査對象的個人信息、學習漢語的經歷、居住中國的經驗和學習漢語標點符號的經歷等因素進行了調査。根據調査結果,被調査對象的班級水平、每天說漢語與否等因素對能否正確使用分號造成흔大的影響,學習漢語的時間也起到了一定的影響。此外,學習標點符號的經歷、是否參加過HSK考試、在那里兒(國內、國外或國內外)學習漢語等因素都不會造成太大的影響。綜上所述,能否正確使用分號,對分號功能的了解和文章結構的難度是最重要的兩大因素。分號除了熟悉的“平行倂列”結構複句(如本稿“倂列”、“對比”)以外,還出現在“非平行倂列”結構(“選擇”、“轉折”、“因果”、“遞進”)和“分合”結構複句中。“非平行倂列”上午正確率偏低的原因有兩個。第一,被調査對象對這種結構中所使用的分號功能了解不구;第二,“非平行平列”複句的結構和語義關係比“平行倂列”更複雜。此外,“分合”複句雖然結構本身難度不高,但因爲被調査對象對這種複句中的分號功能不太熟悉,因此也造成正確率較低。上述的分析結果顯示,對漢語標點符號進行敎育是十分必要的,特別是關於分號使用的敎育因爲“非平行倂列”和“分合”複句的正確率偏低,因此在對分號進行敎學的過程中,更要重點對這一方面進行講解敎學。

지속적정정맥투석요법과 지속적정정맥여과투석을 사용하는 핍뇨 환자에서 vancomycin의 약동학적 변수 관찰

박인휘 ( In Whee Park ),이선아 ( Sun A Lee ),임승관 ( Seung Kwan Lim ),유수경 ( Su Kyong Yu ),장은정 ( Eun Jung Jang ),문은준 ( Eun Joon Moon ),황주안 ( Joo An Hwang ),김흥수 ( Heung Soo Kim ),신규태 ( Gyu Tae Shin ) 대한신장학회 2010 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.29 No.5

목적: 지속적 신대체요법이 사용되고 있는 환자들에게서는 vancomycin 치료가 필요한 경우가 흔하지만 연속적 정정맥 혈액투석 (continuous venovenous hemodialysis, CVVHD) 또는 연속적 정정맥 혈액여과투석 (continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration, CVVHDF)을 받고 있는 국내 환자를 대상으로 한 약동학적 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 이러한 환자들에게서 vancomycin 의 약동학적 변수에 관하여 연구 했다. 방법: 2008년 1월 1일부터 2009년12월31일까지 CVVHD 또는 CVVHDF 치료를 받고 있고 핍뇨가 있는 환자 중 vancomycin이 항정 상태에서 혈중 농도가 측정된 23명 35예를 대상으로 일반적 특성과 약동학적 지표를 분석했다. 결과: CVVHD가 사용된 8예와 CVVHDF가 사용된 27예에서 분석이 가능 했다 신대체요법의 정도는 CVVHD군에서 17.7±4.9 mL/h/kg였고 CVVHDF군에서는 32.1±3.9mL/h/kg였다 (p=0.000). Vancomycin의 청소율은 CVVHD군에서 16.4±3.8mL/min CVVHDF에서는 16.4±3.8 mL/min, CVVHDF에서는 21.6±5.1mL/min 였다. (p=0.007). Vancomycin의 체내 제거율과CVVDH와 CVVHDF의 배액 속도간에는 의미 있는 비례 관계가 있었다. (CVVHD; r2=0.745, p=0.012, CVVHDF; r2= 0.452, p=0.000). 결론: CVVHD와 CVVDHF는 체내로 투여된 vancomycin을 효과적으로 청소시키고 있었고 vancomycin의 청소율은 지속적 신대체요법의 정도에 비례하였으므로 vancomycin 투여 용량 결정시 이를 중심으로 약동학적 관련 요소가 고려되어야 한다. Purpose: Critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy are susceptible to infection with methicillin-resistant bacteria, which require treatment with vancomycin. However, there are limited reports regarding vancomycin pharmacokinetics in the continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). We performed this study to investigate the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in oliguric patients receiving CVVHD and CVVHDF. Methods: Data at steady-state obtained as part of our routine drug monitoring of vancomycin therapy in critically ill adult oliguric patients undergoing CVVHD or CVVHDF, retrospectively. Data were available for 35 cases of 23 patients assessed for 2 years. We analyzed the pharmacokinetic parameters of these cases. Results: 8 cases on CVVHD and 27 cases on CVVHDF were available. The mean intensity of CVVHD was 17.7±4.9 mL/hour/kg and that of CVVHDF was 32.1±3.9 mL/hour/kg (p=0.000). The mean clearance of vancomycin was 16.4±3.8 mL/min in the CVVHD group and 21.6±5.1 mL/min in the CVVHDF group (P=0.007). The elimination of vancomycin correlated with the intensity of CVVHD and CVVHDF (CVVHD; r2=0.745, p=0.012, CVVHDF; r2=0.452, p=0.000). Conclusion: CVVHD and CVVHDF are effective for vancomycin elimination and there is a strong dependency of the vancomycin removal on the intensity of continuous renal replacement therapy. Strategies for individualization of vancomycin therapy in patients receiving CVVHD and CVVHDF are proposed.

혈장교환술 치료로 호전된 독성표피괴사용해증

최길순 ( Gil Soon Choi ),박준성 ( Joon Sung Park ),유수경 ( Su Kyong Yu ),박진선 ( Jin Sun Park ),강준구 ( Joon Koo Kang ),임남규 ( Nam Kyu Lim ),이명희 ( Myoung Hee Lee ),박해심 ( Hae Sim Park ),남동호 ( Dong Ho Nahm ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2007 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.27 No.3

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an uncommon but life-threatening condition. It is characterized by the rapidly progressive onset of widespread epidermal necrosis, resulting in flaccid bullae with epidermal sloughing and frequent involvement of the mucous membrane. Currently, there is no clinically proven effective therapeutic modality for TEN. There have been several uncontrolled studies reporting beneficial clinical efficacy of plasmapheresis in patients with TEN. We report a case of severe TEN which was successfully improved by plasmapheresis treatment. A 26-year-old male patient was admitted due to severe myalgia and sore mouth at 8 days after medication with ofloxacin and loxoprofen for 3 days after eye surgery. After admission, a high spiking fever and erythematous skin rashes on both palm and sole developed in this patient and his skin lesions subsequently progressed to generalized bullous skin lesions covering the whole body area with oropharyngeal ulceration and conjunctivitis. The patient was diagnosed with TEN and administered intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for 3 days, but he did not improved. Then he received plasmapheresis treatment for 3 days. After the plasmapheresis treatment, the progression of epidermal detachment of the skin was stopped and no new lesions developed. His bullous skin lesions progressively resolved. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;27:195-199)