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유건 대한내과학회 1988 대한내과학회지 Vol.35 No.1
Controlled studies have shown that plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccines are highly effective in providing protection against hepatitis B virus infection, Protection is virtually complete for up to two years in those who respond to the vaccine. There are two remaining major questions relating to the use of the hepatitis B vaccine: How long the protection will last and when the booster doses of vaccine should be given. In this study, the author examined 32 Korean hospital personnel (nurses and aid-nurses of Paik Hospital, Seoul) for 52 months after the first vaccination (Hevac-B Pasteur, at 0,1,2 month, and booster at 14 month) to assess the long-term immunogenicity of the hepatitis B vaccine. The results were as follows: 1) Among the 32 participants, anti-HBs was positive in 30(93.8%). Twenty-seven participants (84.4%) had anti-HBs levels above 10 Sample Ratio Unit (S.R.U.), and 23(71.S%) had levels above 100 S.R.U, 52 months after the first vaccination (38 months after the booster). 2) Anti-HBs had fallen below 10 S.R,U. in 5(15.6%), and had become negative in 2 of 32 participants(6.3%) 38 months after the booster, The persistence of the protective antibody was directly related to the level of anti-HBs 6 months after the booster. 3) The percent decrease in the geometric mean titer of anti-HBs 38 months after the booster was 38.6% compared with the value 6 months after the booster. The titers of anti-HBs decreased in most of the participants, but increased in 3 of 32 participants (9.4%) (Natural booster effect) 38 months after the booster compared with that of 6 months after. 4) None of the participants converted to HBsAg and anti-HBc positive, or showed clinical symptoms of hepatitis. The results suggest that booster doses after 5 years may not be an economic and effective strategy because Korea is an endemic area of hepatitis B infection. The possible need for booster doses after longer intervals than 5 years will be assessed when additional information becomes available.
B형 간염 표면항체 검사에 있어서 방사면역 측정법과 수동혈구 응집법의 비교 : B형 간염 백신 접종자들을 대상으로 HBs-in Hepatitis B Vaccinees
유건 대한내과학회 1987 대한내과학회지 Vol.32 No.2
Several methods are known for detecting antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). Among them, passive hemagglutination (PHA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) are now used most frequently for measurement of anti-HBs in serum, especially in Korea. Between them, RIA is more sensitive and specific than PHA, but more expensive, complex and requires the availability of a gamma counter. The sensitivity and specificity of PHA falls somewhat short of RIA, it has the advantage in terms of its methodology and its expenses. The technique of RIA is best employed in case the more precise determination of anti-HBs is required, for instance, for the etiological diagnosis of viral hepatitis or for the follow-up of acute B viral hepatitis, Because it is less expensive and simpler to perform, PHA is widely applied for large scale-screening or under the circumstances where economic and technical conditions do not allow the use of RIA. Korea is the endemic area of hepatitis B, and recently hepatitis B vaccination is being conducted nationwide. Therefore, the frequency with which these test is to be performed for the detection of anti-HBs is extremely high. For the purpose of comparing two different detecting methods, PHA and RIA, with respect to anti-HBs in the vaccinated individuals, the author determined anti-HBs by both PHA and RIA simultaneously in one hundred and eleven Korean hospital personnel (nurses and nurse-aids of Paik Hospital, Seoul) who had been previously vaccinated with Hevac-B Pasteur (Institut Pasteur). Results were as follows: 1) Anti-HBs was positive in 110 of 111 subjects by RIA. Among these 110 RIA-positive subjects, positive rate by PHA was 92.7% (102 subjects), and false negative rate 7.3% (8 subjects). Of the 106 subjects with the titers equal to or more than 10 sample ratio units (SRU) by RIA the figure which is considered to bestow immunity, the false negative rate was 4.7% (5 subjects) by PHA. 2) Most of the PHA-false negative subjects were among the subjects with the titers less than 50 SRU by RIA. In half the subjects with titers in the range of 10 to 49. 9 SRU the PHA was positive, The PHA positivity and the specific values of RIA titers showed no significant correlations. To summarize, it is preferable to test the status of the anti-HBs in the vaccinated individuals by PHA, which is more economical and easy to perform even in an inadequately equipped institutions.
전류집전 방법에 따른 원통형 고체산화물 연료전지의 성능 변화 수치해석
유건,박석주,이종원,이승복,임탁형,송락현,신동열,김호영 한국수소및신에너지학회 2011 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.22 No.2
Performance changes of an anode-supported tubular SOFC including current collectors are analyzed at different current collecting methods using numerical simulation. From the two dimensional numerical model of the solid oxide fuel cell with nickel felts as anodic current collectors and silver wires as cathodic ones,the performance curves and the distributions of temperature, concentration, current density are obtained. Also,the voltage loss of the cell is divided into three parts: activation loss, concentration loss and ohmic loss. The results show that the performance change of the cell is dominantly influenced by the ohmic loss. Although the temperature and concentration distributions are different, the total activation loss and concentration loss are nearly same. And the ohmic loss is divided into each parts of the cell components. The ohmic loss of the anodic current collectorreaches about 60~80% of the cell’s total ohmic loss. Therefore, the reduction of the ohmic loss of the anodic current collector is very important for stack power enhancement. It is also recommended that the load should be connected to the both ends of the anodic current collector.