CCSS 개혁이 미국의 체육교과 교육과정에 미친 영향 : 교육과정 표준화 동향

오정환(Oh, Junghwan),박재호(Park, Jae-Ho),박석(Park, Sok) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

This paper describes the development of Common Core State Standards (CCSS) that has emerged in the backdrop of global educational governance, examining how CCSS influenced the school-based physical education (PE) curriculum in the United States (US). Since the new millennium, states have adopted CCSS as part of standards-based reform with the aim of offering local entities both educational flexibility and consistency. After the implementation of CCSS, however, the school curriculum in the US tends to be standardized focusing on the CCSS system due to an increased influence of the federal government. In this national context, the profession of PE has made multifaceted efforts to address this nationwide reform movement by establishing national standards and summative teacher guidelines, grade-level outcomes, and assessment systems, thereby building a unified common foundation in the field. Such system-wide change, however, does not necessarily signal total standardization for PE curricula. Expansive discourses and debates among professionals in the field have exerted significant limits on curriculum standardization. This implies that although policies for K-12 PE have been assembled focusing on the CCSS movement, the implementation in local programs remains distinct in form and scope due to multiple unique features of each program.

글로벌 압력의 배경에서 미국의 표준교육 개혁 동향: 교육과정 표준화 징후

오정환 ( Junghwan Oh ),임태홍 ( Taehong Lim ),정구인 ( Kooin Jung ) 한국교육과정학회 2021 교육과정연구 Vol.39 No.1

이 글은 학습성과에 관한 국제비교평가의 요구에서 비롯된 글로벌 압력의 배경에서 미국이 어떠한 방식으로 교육개혁을 추진해 나아갔는지를 표준교육법안의 발달과정을 통해 살펴보고, 1980년대 이후 표준교육으로의 전환과정에서 나타난 교육과정 표준화 동향을 비판적 시각에서 담론한다. 획일화된 교육과정과 평가 시스템을 구축하고자 시도하는 여러 국가와 더불어, 일관성 있는 교육과정의 확립을 통해 국가 수준의 학습 역량을 강화하기 위한 목적으로 의도된 정책은 전지구적 추세로 거듭나고 있다. 이러한 글로벌 동향에서 미국은 그들 특유의 실정과 맥락을 고려하여 넓은 의미로 정의된 학습표준의 개념을 도입하였다. 로컬 수용적인 표준기반교육 방식을 채택한 이유는 사회문화적 다양성, 지역적 특수성, 그리고 다음적 권한 구조 등을 포함하여 그들의 교육 시스템이 가지고 있는 독특한 정책 공간 때문이다. 그러나 표준교육의 시행과정에서 연방정부의 영향력이 확대됨에 따라 표준중심 개혁의 본래 의도와는 다르게 교과 교육과정이 국가 혹은 주 수준에서 획일화되는 징후를 보인다. 로컬 수용성이 결여된 이러한 획일적인 교육과정은 미국 특유의 사회구조적 복잡성, 문화적 이질성 그리고 지역적 특수성의 관점에서 그리 바람직한 개혁 방안으로 보이지 않는다. 국가 정책에 대한 로컬의 저항과 불응, 집단 및 계층 간 분열, 그리고 지식 권력의 재생산 등의 여러 이념적 문제들을 양산할 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 획일화 경향을 방지할 수 있도록, 더 나아가 지역 수용적인 표준교육환경의 조성을 위해 여러 수준의 교육 관련 주체들 간의 지속적인 담론과 협력적 노력이 필요하다. This article describes how the United States (U.S.) responded the pressure of global educational governance that has derived from an increased emphasis on international comparisons of student performance since the 1980s and critically discusses the issue of curriculum standardization that emerged in the implementation of standards-based reform (SBR). Education policies intended to yield greater national consistency in curricula are a global trend with multiple countries centralizing curricula and assessments. In this global context, the U.S. introduced the concept of broadly described standards due to their distinctive national policy features, including sociocultural complexity, regional diversity, and polyphonic federalism. The school curriculum in the U.S., however, tends to be standardized as the federal role in education is expanded with the implementation of SBR. Total standardization of school curricula does not seem to be desirable in light of the system diversity, sociocultural disparities, and regional differences. It would prompt multiple ideological issues such as the resistance of local entities, the renewal of divisions and segregation among groups of pupils, and a hegemony of knowledge. Expansive discourses and cooperative efforts among multiple levels of authority are needed to reduce the potential movement to curriculum standardization and establish socioculturally and locally responsive standards learning contexts.

나노입자 이미지를 위한 자기기전력 초음파 시스템

오정환(Junghwan Oh) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5

We investigate capability of Magneto-Motive Ultrasound (MMUS) to detect superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (core diameter~5㎚) taken up by liver macrophage cells. MMUS system was tested by combining a high strength magnetic field with ultrasound. Magnetic force acting on SPIO was varied by applying a sinusoidal current to a solenoid containing a conical iron core that substantially increased and focused the magnetic field strength (B<SUB>max</SUB>=2 Tesla). Results of our experiments indicate that ultrasound combined with magneto-motive excitation is a candidate imaging modality to identify magnetic nanoparticles for ultrasound molecular imaging.

정수환의 일향함수에 의한 공개키 암호시스템에 관한 연구

오정환(Junghwan Oh) 한국정보보호학회 1995 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.5 No.2

질화붕소 복합체기반의 진동감쇠재 개발

정정환(JungHwan Jung),오정환(JungHwan Oh),오일권(Il-Kwon Oh) 대한기계학회 2015 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.CAE 및 응용역학 No.-

질화붕소 나노복합체를 이용한 진동감쇠 재료 개발

정정환(JungHwan Jung),오정환(JungHwan Oh),오일권(Il-Kwon Oh) 한국소음진동공학회 2014 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.4

레이저를 이용한 하지정맥류 치료의 정량화 연구

안민우,오정환,강현욱,Ahn, Minwoo,Nguyen, Van Phuc,Oh, Junghwan,Kang, Hyun Wook 대한의용생체공학회 2014 의공학회지 Vol.35 No.3

The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of laser parameters on photocoagulation to maximize safety and efficacy during varicose vein treatment. CW and pulsed modes at 1470 nm were initially compared as a function of power on bovine liver tissue. In the pulsed mode, various parameters including repetition rate, duty cycle, and irradiation time were compared to evaluate tissue response during thermal treatment. The results demonstrated that CW and pulsed modes yielded almost similar coagulation development possibly due to shorter irradiation time of 5 sec. Regardless of laser mode, both repetition rate and duty cycle presented constant coagulation rate whereas longer irradiation time facilitated coagulation process.

가시광선과 근적외선 파장을 이용한 조직 제거 연구

강현욱,오정환,Kang, Hyun Wook,Oh, Junghwan 한국광학회 2012 한국광학회지 Vol.23 No.3

In this paper, two wavelengths mainly used for laser prostatectomy have been quantitatively compared: 532 and 980 nm. Two lasers at 40 W were employed to ablate bovine liver in vitro. Ablation performance was evaluated in light of number of sweeps, ablation volume, and coagulative necrosis. 532 nm yielded up to four times higher ablation efficiency than 980 nm. Regardless of wavelength, ablation rate per sweep decreased with the number of sweeps. 532 nm generated relatively deeper ablation craters along with thinner coagulation whereas 980 nm created superficial tissue ablation with up to 2 mm thick coagulative necrosis. Due to higher light absorption and effective thermal confinement, 532 nm induced more efficient tissue ablation with a smaller coagulative necrotic zone. The current study demonstrated that 532 nm could be a more ideal wavelength for laser prostatectomy, and the future in vivo investigations will confirm these findings. 본 논문에서는 전립선 비대증 환자 치료 시 조직 제거에 사용되는 두 파장들을 비교 연구하였다. 가시광선 영역인 532 nm는 혈액 속의 헤모글로빈에 의한 흡수율이 높은 반면, 근적외선 영역인 980 nm는 물에 의한 빛의 흡수율이 높다. 동물의 간 조직을 각각의 레이저를 이용하여 40 W 출력에서 제거하였으며, 조직 제거율을 제거 횟수, 제거 부피, 열손상 정도를 통해 검사하였다. 532 nm의 경우 높은 레이저 흡수율로 인해 조직 제거율이 980 nm 보다 4배까지 증가하였으며, 열손상은 상대적으로 약 30%까지 낮게 나타났다. 파장에 관계없이 제거 횟수가 높을수록 단위 횟수당 제거율이 낮아졌으며, 이는 레이저 빛이 거리에 따라 발산함과 동시에 제거된 조직의 입자들이 먼지 방해 현상을 일으킴으로써 효율의 저하를 일으켰음을 짐작할 수 있었다. 보다 효율적인 열적 제한 상태와 높은 흡수율로 인해 가시광선 영역의 532 nm가 근적외선 980 nm 보다 전립선 치료에 있어서 더욱 효율적인 파장임을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 발견을 전임상 및 임상을 통해 확인할 계획이다.

가덕도 연안 해수에서 분리된 Vibrio vulnificus의 검출 특성 및 항생제 내성

오희경 ( Hee-kyung Oh ),정희진 ( Hee-jin Jeong ),정금재 ( Geum-jae Jeong ),신혜영 ( Hye-young Shin ),신중호 ( Joong Ho Shin ),정원교 ( Won-kyo Jung ),오정환 ( Junghwan Oh ),김영목 ( Young-mog Kim ) 한국수산과학회 2021 한국수산과학회지 Vol.54 No.6

We investigated the distribution, molecular characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from seawater at Gadeok Island, the Republic of Korea between June to October. Interestingly no isolates were detected between December to February. The detection rate of V. vulnificus was high (80-100%) from July to September 2019 and from June to September 2020. This coincided with the relatively low salinity of the seawater, which ranged from 7.8-29.9 practical salinity units for that period. Additionally, V. vulnificus had a high detection rate at sampling stations near the Nakdong river. The detection rates of virulence genes, such as vvhA, viuB, and vcgC, among the isolates were 97.1%, 44.1%, and 57.4% in 2019 and 100%, 43.0%, and 50.0% in 2020, respectively. Notably, viuB and vcgC were detected in V. vulnificus isolated between June to October when water temperature was above 20°C. The antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of 80 isolates revealed that most of the strains were susceptible to most antimicrobial agents. However, some isolates showed intermediate resistance to cefepime (18.8%), cefoxitin (58.8%), and erythromycin (22.5%). Of note, 3.8% of the tested strains were resistant to cefoxitin. The minimum inhibitory concentration of highly cefoxitin-resistant strains was determined to be less than 32 μg/mL.

자기 온열 시스템의 열 발생 효율에 관한 실험적 연구

송영진(Youngjin Song),오정환(Junghwan Oh) 한국연소학회 2011 한국연소학회지 Vol.16 No.2

??We demonstrated heat generation efficiency of the magnetic hyperthermia system to find optimal condition using gelatin tissue phantom. Magnetic hyperthermia induction can be used to make heat generation with different concentration of Fe₃O₄ iron oxide inside tissue phantom and magnetically labeled cells by applying AC magnetic field at a frequency of 145 ㎑. It was observed that the maximum temperature achieved in the magnetic gelatin tissue phantom increased with the concentration of Fe₃O₄ iron oxide and alternating magnetic field intensity. Results were discussed with respect to further optimization of therapeutic technique for biomedical application with modified functional nanoparticles.