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오영화,이근회,박중학,이창규,김흥회,김도향 한국분말야금학회 2004 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.11 No.2
A formation of aluminum hydroxide by hydrolysis reaction in the water has been studied by using nano aluminum powder fabricated by pulsed wire evaporation(PWE) method. The hydroxide type and morphology depending on temperature and pH were examined by structural analysis. The Boehmite($Al_2O_3$.$H_2O$ or AIO(OH)) was predominantly formed in high temperature region over 4$0^{\circ}C$, while the Bayerite($Al_2O_3$.$H_2O$ or $Al(OH)_3$) below $30^{\circ}C$ of hydrolysis temperature. The Boehmite formation was preferred to the Bayerite in acidic solution in the same hydrolysis temperature. The slowly formed Bayerite phase showed facet crystalline structure, while the fast formed Boehmite was fine fiber with a large aspect ratio of several nm in diameter and several hundred nm in length, and with much larger specific surface area(SSA) than that of Bayerite. The highest SSA was about $420m^2$/g.
나노 및 마이크로 알루미늄의 가수분해에 의한 알루미늄 수산화물의 형성
오영화,이근희,박중학,이창규,김흥회,김도향,Oh Young Hwa,Lee Geunhee,Park Joong Hark,Rhee Chang Kyu,Kim Whung Whoe,Kim Do Hyang 한국분말야금학회 2005 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.12 No.3
A formation of aluminum hydroxide by hydrolysis of nano and micro aluminum powder has been studied. The nano aluminum powder of 80 to 100 nm in diameter was fabricated by a pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method. The micro powder was commercial product with more than $10\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. The hydroxide type and morphology depending on size of the aluminum powder were examined by several analyses such as XRD, TEM, and BET. The hydrolysis procedure of micro aluminum powder was different from that of nano aluminum powder. The nano aluminum powder after immersing in the water was transformed rapidly to a nano fibrous boehmite, accompanying with a remarkable temperature increase, and then further transformed slowly to a stable bayerite. However, the micro powder was changed to the stable bayerite slowly and directly. The formation of fibrous aluminum hydroxide from nano aluminum powder might be due to the fine cracks which were formed by hydrogen gas pressure on the surface hydroxide layer during hydrolysis. The nano powder with large specific surface area and small size reacted more actively and faster than the micro powder, and transformed to meta-stable hydroxide in relatively short reaction time. Therefore, the formation of fibrous boehmite is special characteristic of hydrolysis of nano aluminum powder.
알루미늄 나노 분말의 수화반응에 의한 수산화알루미늄 형성
이근희,오영화,이창규,김흥회,Lee Geunhee,Oh Young Hwa,Rhee Chang Kyu,Kim Whung Whoe 한국재료학회 2005 한국재료학회지 Vol.15 No.3
Formation of aluminum hydroxide by a hydrolytic reaction of nano aluminum powder synthesized by a pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method has been studied. The type and morphology of the hydroxides were investigated with various initial temperatures and pHs. The nano fibrous boehmite (AlOOH) was formed predominantly over $40^{\circ}C$ of the hydrolytic temperature in acid solution, while the bayerite $(Al(OH)_3)$ was formed predominantly below $30^{\circ}C$ in alkali solution with a faceted crystalline structure. As a result the boehmite showed a much larger specific surface area (SSA) than that of bayerite. The highest SSA of the boehmite was about $409\;m^2/g$.
김홍신,곡군려,오영화 중국어문학연구회 2022 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.132
The Directional Complement ‘shang’is one of the hot topics in the study of Chinese Teaching Grammar. In terms of syntactic structure, the sentence patterns appearing on ‘V shang’ can be divided into two types: The basic sentence pattern and the special sentence pattern. The basic sentence pattern is the agent subject sentence, the special sentence pattern includes possible complement sentence, ba-sentence, bei-sentence, patient-subject sentence, existential sentence and descriptive sentence, From the perspective of semantic function, we divide ‘shang’ into five types: ‘shang 1’, ‘shang 2’, ‘shang 3’, ‘shang 4’and ‘shang 5’. ‘shang 1’ is divided into ‘shang 1-1’, ‘shang 1-2’, ‘shang 1-3’ and ‘shang 1-4’, ‘shang 2’ can be divided into closed meaning ‘shang 2-1’, attached meaning ‘shang 2-2’, closed meaning ‘shang 2-3’, and encounter meaning ‘shang 2-4’, ‘shang 5’can be divided into ‘shang 5-1’, ‘shang 5-2’ and ‘shang 5-2’. According to whether ‘shang’ can appear in different sentence patterns, how far and how far the meaning of ‘shang’ extends, and how easy it is to judge the grammatical point ‘shang’ from the perspective of cross-language differences among native Korean learners, according to the difficulty of ‘shang’, the teaching of ‘shang 1-1’ is the simplest, and it should be taught first. ‘shang 2-1’, ‘shang 2-3’, ‘shang 3’, ‘shang 5-1’ and ‘shang 2-2’ are the most difficult, it should be taught at the end.
现代汉语副词“还”的教学语法研究及其教学设计 — 以韩籍学习者为中心
曲均?(곡균려),?英花(오영화),朴庸鎭(박용진) 한국중국어교육학회 2021 중국어교육과연구 Vol.- No.35
The adverb ‘hai’ in Modern Chinese language is a polysemous word which has a high frequency of use. However, due to its numerous dictionary entries and complicated usage, there is no consensus currently reached on the teaching and researching of ‘hai’ in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. From the perspective of grammar teaching in second language teaching, this paper, centered on Korean Chinese learners, tries to analyze the difficulty level of the different dictionary entries of ‘hai’ based on the hypotheses of comparative analysis and the principle of difficulty analysis, and finally reaches conclusion on the design of the internal hierarchy in grammar teaching of ‘hai’. The second chapter of this paper first reviews the previous studies, and then gives a detailed description of the grammatical points of the Chinese adverb ‘hai’ from the two aspects of function and structure. The third chapter adopts the theory of comparative analysis to analyze the grammatical points of ‘hai’and its corresponding Korean grammar. The fourth chapter , based on the principle of difficulty evaluation, evaluates the difficulty of hai" from five aspects: structure, semantics, pragmatics, cross-language gap and typology. Chapter 5 concludes the teaching design and hierarchy of ‘hai’ for Korean Chinese learners according to the evaluation of difficulty. This paper is written in the hope of providing some guidance and reference for the compilation of textbooks for the teaching Chinese as a foreign language in the future.