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A Perceptual Similarity-based Analysis of English /kw/ and /tw/ Adaptation in Korean
오미라 한국언어학회 2010 언어 Vol.35 No.1
Oh, Mira. 2010. A Perceptual Similarity-based Analysis of English /kw/ and /tw/ Adaptation in Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 137-154. This paper aims to show that the perceptual distance between sounds in the source language and corresponding sounds in the native language determines loan adaptation. English /tw/ is adapted as [thɨw] with an epenthetic vowel between consonants, while English /kw/ is loaned as [khw] without epenthesis in Korean, even though Korean allows both /thw/ and /khw/ clusters. Given that loanword adaptation relies on the borrower’s perception of relative similarity between the source form and the corresponding strings in his/her native language (Oh and Steriade 2004), this paper investigates the acoustic similarities/differences between the source forms and the corresponding forms in native language. The dynamics of the spectral transition from the stop burst through the [w] constriction into the vowel are compared between English /twV/ and /kwV/ and the analogous sequences in Korean. The phonetic results suggest that greater voice onset time (VOT) and second formant (F2) differences between English /tw/ and Korean /thw/ can yield the different adaptations between English /tw/ and /kw/. This study has three implications. Firstly, neither the syllable structure nor the impermissible consonant sequence determines perceptual epenthesis, in contrast to the claims by Kabak and Idsardi (2007) and Dupoux et al. (1999). Secondly, it is clear that non-contrastive phonetic details overcome phonological structure when both types of information conflict in loan adaptation. Thirdly, the phonetic output from the source language alone is not sufficient in loan adaptation. The comparison of acoustic realizations between the source and adapting languages needs to be taken into consideration. (Chonnam National University)
오미라 전남대학교 인문학연구소 2014 용봉인문논총 Vol.- No.45
This study aims to investigate two issues regarding loanword adaptation. The first issue concerns which level of representation provides the input for loanword adaptation. The phonological approach, the perceptual approach, and the integrated approach will be discussed in light of the adaptation of English obstruents into Korean and Thai. The second issue has to do with the constraints that are employed in adapting loanwords. Close examination of the adaptation of English obstruents into Korean and Thai reveals three findings. Firstly, the perceptual approach is more appropriate to account for the adaptation of English stops to Korean and Thai than the phonological approach. Secondly, the recoverability of source sounds plays a key role for vowel epenthesis in loanword adaptation. Lastly, faithfulness of the phonological contrast between the source and borrowing languages can also be needed in addition to maximizing the perceptual similarity in loanword adaptation. 본 논문은 외래어 차용과 관련하여 두 가지 쟁점을 논의한다. 첫 번째 쟁점은 근원어의 어느 단계가 외래어 차용에서 입력형이 되는가이다. 음운적 접근방식에서는 음소단계가 입력형이 되며 인지적 접근방식에서는 음향단서가 풍부한 이음까지 포함한 단계가 입력형이 된다. 통합적 접근방식에서는 음성적 정보뿐만 아니라 형태적 정보까지도 외래어 차용에서 사용한다. 두 번째 쟁점은 외래어 차용에서 작용하는 제약에 관한 것이다. 본 논문은 영어 자음이 동아시아권 언어에 차용되는 양식을 연구하여 세 가지 주장을 한다. 첫째, 음향단서를 충실하게 유지하고자 하는 인지적 접근방식이 음운적 접근방식에 비해 외래어 차용을 좀 더 잘 설명한다. 둘째, 근원음이 일대일 대응으로 외래어 차용이 이루어지면 수용어의 음소배열제약이나 음운규칙의 적용을 받게 되어 근원음의 정보가 손실되는 경우 근원음을 최대한 유지하기 위해 모음삽입이 일어난다. 셋째, 근원어의 음운대조를 수용어에서도 유지하고자 하는 제약이 외래어 차용에서 작용한다.
A Perception-based Syntagmatic Account of Consonant Cluster Simplification in Korean
오미라 한국언어학회 2018 언어 Vol.43 No.1
Oh, Mira. 2018. A Perception-based Syntagmatic Account of Consonant Cluster Simplification in Korean, Korean Journal of Linguistics, 43-1, 101-127. This study aims to provide a perceptual account for consonant cluster simplification (CCS) in Korean verb stems. I investigate what motivates the differences between the invariable and variable types of CCS, and I argue that the disparity between the two types in Korean results from the amount of contrast in terms of the distinctive feature specifications between consonants within a cluster. I make five claims by investigating both types of CCS in Korean verb stems. First, CCS in Korean is motivated by the requirement that every segment be perceptually salient. Second, the two types of CCS are determined based on the perceptibility difference among the competing consonants within the cluster. Third, the perceptual account of CCS better explains“the effect of the following consonant”than syllable-based analysis. Fourth, the constraint ranking that utilizes perceptually motivated markedness and faithfulness constraints within the Optimality Theory framework can comprehensively account for the two types of CCS. Fifth, the proposed constraint ranking also explains how to produce truncata that are frequently used in fast speech or casual speech for the purpose of economy. In this study, I show that in contrast to previous studies of CCS in Korean in syllabic terms without reference to context where the consonant cluster appears, syntagmatic context needs to be taken into consideration to comprehensively understand CCS in Korean. This study has a general theoretical implication that phonetic perceptibility can directly influence patterns in a phonological process. (Chonnam National University)
오미라 한국중원언어학회 2019 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.53
The purpose of this study is to investigate the principles for loanword adaptation by analysing the Taekwondo vocabularies and Korean food names borrowed into English. Three results were found from data analysis. Firstly, phonetic realizations of Korean stops and fricatives determine the corresponding loan sounds in English. Such phonetic adaptation reflects how borrowers perceive source sounds. Secondly, the Taekwondo loanwords in English adapted early 1950’s exhibit the preference for phonetic similarity between the source and borrowing sounds. But relatively recently adapted Korean food name loanwords are conditioned by Romanization regulations in Korea. Thirdly, the diachronic change in mapping Korean obstruents to the corresponding loan sounds in English shows that the principles for loanword adaptation can change over time. These results suggest that phonetic similarity is mostly effective in early stage of loanword adaptation(Y. Kang, 2010). They also show that variable loan sounds are regularized by various factors including Romanization system of the source language.