구강 상주균에 대한 편백 피톤치드의 항균효과

어규식,홍정표,전양현,Auh, Q-Schick,Hong, Jung-Pyo,Chun, Yang-Hyun 대한안면통증구강내과학회 2009 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.34 No.4

The present study was performed to observe the effect of phytoncide on oral normal microflora and the inhibitory effect of the surviving resident oral bacteria on F. nucleatum. In this study, saliva from each of 20 healthy subjects was treated with 1% phytoncide from Japanese Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.). The surviving salivary bacterium were isolated on blood agar plates and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. In order to select inhibitory isolates against F. nucleatum, the isolates from the phytoncide-treated saliva were cultured with F. nucleatum. The results are as follows: 1. Among the 200 surviving resident oral bacterium, 70(35.0%) bacterium inhibit the growth of F. nucleatum on blood agar plates. 2. Among the 70 bacterium which inhibit F. nucleatum, Streptococcus salivarius was 41.3%(45/109), Streptococcus sanguinis was 28%.(7/25), Streptococcus mitis was 20%(3/15), Streptococcus parasanguinis was 33.3%(3/9), Streptococcus Alactolyticus was 100%(8/8), Streptococcus vestibularis was 28.6%(2/7) and Streptococcus sp. was 50%(2/4). Taken together, among the surviving resident oral bacterium, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis were mainly observed to inhibit F. nucleatum. and they may exert an additional inhibitory activity against the periodontopathic bacterium. Therefore, phytoncide can be used to prevent and cease the progress of periodontal disease, halitosis. Thus it is expected to promote oral health.

Can the Arthralgia of Temporomandibular Joint Cause Referred Pain?

어규식,이연희 대한안면통증∙구강내과학회 2022 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.47 No.1

Since 2014, the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) is considered as the gold standard for evaluating TMD. Unlike Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), DC/TMD divides muscle pain into local myalgia, myofacial pain, and myofacial pain with referral [1]. To differentiate the three subtypes of muscle pain, the duration of the 1 kg of palpation pressure is increased 2 to 5 seconds to allow more time to elicit spreading or referred pain, if present [2]. This means myofascial pain is more related to peripheral sensitization, whereas myofascial pain with referral is more related to central sensitization, which contributes to consider chronicity and centralization at the time of diagnosis of the patient. According to DC/TMD, the criteria of diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthralgia is relatively simple. Nevertheless, when palpating of the lateral pole of TMJ, the referred pain is often observed. We hope to suggest that a generalized hyperexcitability in the processing of nociceptive information in the arthralgia of TMJ that affects second order neurons throughout the trigeminal system and possibly also in the spinal level in the central nervous system. Even this upregulation can appear to occur in some toothaches and mucosal pain [3, 4]. Convergence by multiple sensory nerves carrying input to the trigeminal spinal nuclei from cutaneous and deep tissues located throughout the head and neck is important for the occurrence of the referred pain to the other orofacial area [5]. Thus, the role of the arthralgia of TMJ in maintaining the referred pain should be formally investigated. Based on the etiology of referral pain, it may be necessary to add arthralgia with referral in a revised edition of DC/TMD. Of course, further studies will be needed to provide scientific evidence in terms of pathophysiological and clinical aspects of our assumptions.

긴장성 두통과 측두하악장애의 통증을 중심으로 한 임상적 비교

어규식,홍정표,전양현 대한안면통증∙구강내과학회 2004 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.29 No.4

The study was desiged to comapare the pain characteristics in tention-type headache(TTH) and temporomandibular disorders(TMD), to understand further and to treat efficiently them in dentistry. Patients with TTH(N=55) having headache and orofacial pain and patients with TMD(N=117) having orofacial pain were recruited at Department of Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital in two months. Pain quality, pain intensity, pain laterality, and pain aggravated by physical activities were examined. Statistica(Kernel release ver. 5.5, StatSoft Inc., Tulsa OK, USA) was used for data analysis. 1. Female patients due to pain on head and orofacial region was 65.1%, male patients 34.9%. Mean age was 31.3± 14.1 years(male 29.7± 13.7, female 32.2± 14.3). Most pain was shown unilaterally, and TMD patients(82.9%) was larger than TTH patients(63.6%)(P =.02). 2. Major subjective pain quality was dull pain(80.0% in TTH patients, 89.7% in TMD patients), and more prominent in TTH patients(P >.05). Subjective pain intensity is medium in TTH patients(72.7%)(P =.001), and mild in TMD patients(59%)(P =.02). 3. In 82.4% of TTH patients with aggravation, pain was aggravated by mastication. 91.5% of TMD patients was done(P >.05). In 38.2% of TTH patients, pain was not changed by physical activities. 29.9% of TMD patients was not changed(P >.05). Patients with TTH as well as patients with TMD had so prominent dental pain symptom characteristics. Therefore, the dental evaluation and treatment must be important necessary for patients with TTH. 발생부위나 발현양상에 있어서 구강안면영역과 밀접한 관련이 있는 긴장성 두통과 주된 증상이 악관절통, 개구장애, 그리고 악관절음인 측두하악장애의 임상적 특징을 통증이라는 관점에서 새롭게 비교 분석하기 위하여, 통증을 주소로 내원한 환자 총 172명을 대상으로 국제두통학회에서 제시한 진단기준인 통증의 형태, 통증의 강도, 통증의 양측성 유무, 그리고 일상생활시 통증의 증가유무 등을 각각 조사하여 통계처리 후 아래와 같은 성적을 얻었다.1. 두부와 구강안면부에 통증을 주소로 내원한 환자의 성비는 남여 각각 34.9%와 65.1%로 여성에서 뚜렷하였고, 평균 연령은 31.3±14.1세였으며, 남성 29.7±13.7세, 여성 32.2±14.3세였으며, 통증의 발현부위는 긴장성두통환자군과 측두하악장애환자군 모두에서 편측성이 각각 63.6%와 82.9%로 가장 많이 나타났고, 측두하악장애환자군에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다.2. 주관적 통증의 형태는 긴장성두통환자군과 측두하악장애환자군 모두에서 둔통이 각각 80%와 89.7%로 가장 많이 나타났으며, 측두하악장애환자군에서 더욱 뚜렷한 경향을 보였고(p=0.08), 주관적 통증의 강도는 긴장성두통환자군에서 중등도가 72.7%로 가장 많이 나타난 반면, 측두하악장애환자군에서는 경도가 59%로 가장 많이 나타났다.3. 일상생활 중 통증의 변화가 있는 경우는 긴장성두통환자군과 측두하악장애환자군 모두에서 저작시에 각각 82.4%와 91.5%로 가장 많이 증가하였으며, 두 군간의 차이는 없었고(p=0.15), 일상생활 중 통증의 변화가 없는 경우는 긴장성두통환자군과 측두하악장애환자군에서 각각 38.2%와 29.9%였으며, 두 군간의 차이는 없었다(p=0.28). 이상의 연구결과로 긴장성 두통과 측두하악장애의 임상적 양상은 주관적 통증의 형태가 둔통이었으며, 통증의 발현부위는 편측성이었고, 일상생활 중 통증의 변화는 저작시 가장 많이 증가하는 일치된 양상을 보이기도 하였으나, 주관적 통증의 강도의 경우에는 긴장성 두통은 중등도, 측두하악장애는 경도로 나타나 일치하지 않은 양상을 보이는 부분도 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과에서는 통증의 형태, 발현부위, 그리고 일상생활 중의 변화 보다는 주관적 통증의 강도가 뚜렷하게 차이가 있었으므로, 이것이 임상적 진단 또는 감별진단이나 치료의 예후 평가에 중요한 자료가 되며, 둔통에 대한 세심한 평가가 필요하리라고 판단이 된다. 그리고 긴장성 두통환자의 편측성 발현유무와 통증의 강도에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요하며, 특히 강도의 차이에 따른 측두하악장애와 감별에 대한 부분은 보다 구체적으로 연구되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

당뇨시 백서 타액선 조직내이 clusterin변화에 관한 면역학적 연구

어규식,조한국,홍정표 대한안면통증구강내과학회 1997 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.22 No.2

Clusterin is a highly glycosylated protein composed of two disulfide linked subunits. Although its biolobical action is not clearly defined, clusterin seems to be involved not only in remodeling of damaged tissue, but also in production of halitosis, the present study was designated to elucidate the expression of clusterin in the salivary gland of diabetic rats. For this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment and divided into 2groups: control and experimental. The experimental group was composed of 18 rats and the control goup was 6 rats. After nduction of diabetes by STZ injection, the animals were sacrificed at 1,3,5,7,10,14 days. The parotid and submamndibular glands were observed histologically and the transcriptional expression of clusterin in the glands by Northern blot. The finding were as follows : 1. In experimental group, the salivary glands were observed at day 3 and then a seven destructive pattern was found in the glands at day 5. Howere, regeneration of gland tissue occured at day 14. 2. In experimental goup, destructive change was examined in the septal connective tissue after 7 days, and gradually more serious. 3. In experimental group, clusterin was expressed in the submandibular glands after 5 days, but in parotid glands to a lesser extent after 10 days. These results suggest that clusterin seems to be closely associated with histologic changes in the mucous glands rather serous glands.

Sjogren증후군 환자의 진단과 치료 : 증례보고

어규식,홍정표 대한안면통증구강내과학회 1998 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.23 No.3

In Sjogren syndrome, abruptly decreased salivation and delayed lag time reveal that many acini cells are destructed and Lymphocytes infiltration is supposed as the main cause that makes dysfunction of salivation. In this case report, the biopsy of minor salivary glands is very useful diagnostic method of Sjogren's syndrome with sialometry,sialography, salivary gland scan.

어떻게 평가할 것인가?

어규식(Q-Schick Auh) 대한치과의사협회 2010 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.48 No.3

Snoring is a very common sleep disorder. Approximate 20-30 percent of population and 40-60 percent of middle and old age population are reported to have symptoms of snoring. Snoring patients do not frequently recognize snoring until spouse or colleague has noticed. Hence, for most people snoring has been not a serious health issue but one of bad sleeping habits. However, it recently draws social attention because most patients with diagnosed “Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome” cased by obstruction of the upper airway are reported snoring. In this point, the author attempts to review the clinical aspects and treatments about snoring and “Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome” in the medical and dental perspective.

피톤치드의 입냄새 제거효과

박재봉,어규식,전양현,이진용,홍정표,Park, Jae-Bong,Auh, Q-Schick,Chun, Yang-Hyun,Lee, Jin-Yong,Hong, Jung-Pyo 대한안면통증구강내과학회 2007 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.32 No.2

Antimicrobial action of phytoncide in the mouth decrease odor-producing microorganisms. Also phytoncide has malodor effect by reaction with volatile sulfur compounds. Phytoncide has excellent malodor effect in microbiologically and chemically. This study prove the malodor effect of phytoncide by use ferrous sulfate. So I try to make new treatment method for halitosis. I get the results as follows. 1. The difference of mean value of absorbancy was 0.849 between the mean absorbancy of deposition by add phytoncide to saliva and the saliva only. 2. The difference of mean value of absorbancy was 0.701 between the mean absorbancy of deposition by add phytoncide to distilled water and the distilled water only. 3. The difference of mean value(0.849) in saliva by existence of phytoncide was larger than in double distilled water(0.701) by existence of phytoncide. Therefore, phytoncide make more deposition in saliva than double distilled water by reaction with sulfur compounds. As the results, phytoncide reaction with sulfur compounds in saliva. It take malodor action in liquid state effectively. It is thought, only the toothpaste it knows from in the limit which does not have a side effect by the human body it adds in the oral cavity of the mouth rinse and with the fact that it will be able to use positively in clinic.

구속스트레스에 의한 백서 악하선의 Amylase 분비 변화

구한미,어규식,전양현,홍정표,Koo, Han-Mi,Au, Q-Schick,Chun, Yang-Hyun,Hong, Jung-Pyo 대한안면통증구강내과학회 2007 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.32 No.1

In currently, stress diseases are increased that present several sign and symptoms. Under stress condition, there are dry mouth, burning mouth syndrome, oral mucosa diseases and halitosis more frequently. Changing of salivary proportion is checked in almost patients with changing of function and structure in salivary gland. This study purpose are what effect stress does on salivary gland, and a-amylase on salivary gland. This study was resulted that 1. Under restraint stress, acinar cells are vacuolization and changing of intercellular spaces are separated, and peripheral tissues of duct are changed 2. Acinar cells were shrunk after 3 hours under restraint stress, intercellular space was separated after 6hours, peripheral tissues of duct started to change after 72 hours, and acinar cells and peripheral tissues of duct were all severely changed after 168hours. 3. In immunohistochemical study, amylase reaction was showed partially and irregularly after 3 hours, was getting little milder after 6 hours. And amylase reaction was gradually increased from the time of 12 hours after experiment up to the time of 48 hours after experiment. But after 168 hours, amylase appearance was diminished. According this result, emotional stress can change of salivary gland structure, and amylase secretion, the important digestive enzyme from salivary gland is changed and it is supposed to make digestive disorder and to make halitosis efficiency. So, we need to study about secretion of amylase.

측두하악관절과 저작근의 통증이 긴장성 두통에 미치는 영향

김진석,어규식,이진용,홍정표,전양현,Kim, Jin-Suk,Auh, Q-Schick,Lee, Jin-Yong,Hong, Jung-Pyo,Chun, Yang-Hyun 대한안면통증구강내과학회 2006 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.31 No.4

Generally, Tension-Type Headache(TTH) patients exhibit muscle pain, but can also have TMJ pain, which includes mouth opening limitation or joint sounds. The purpose of our study is to observe the clinical pain characteristics between TTH patients with muscle pain and TMJ pain. One hundred sixty-seven patients were diagnosed with TTH according to the questionnaires based on the International Headache Society's proposal on the diagnostic criteria of TTH. The patients were classified into three group; arthralgia group (18 patients), myalgia group (50 patients) and arthromyalgia group (99 patients). TTH patients with pericranial muscle pain were classified in the myalgia group. TTH patients with temporal region pain were classified in the arthralgia group. TTH patients with both types of pain were classified in the arthromyalgia group. The parameters in the diagnostic criteria such as quality, intensity, laterality of pain, and aggravation due to physical activities were compared among the three groups. 1. There were no significant differences in the quality of pain among the three groups. 2. There were no significant differences in the intensity of pain among the three groups. 3. There were no significant differences in the laterality of pain among the three groups. 4. A higher percentage of patients in the arthromyalgia group experienced headaches that were aggravated due to physical activity (p=0.03) compared to the other groups. The results of this study show that TTH patients with both arthralgia (TMJ pain) and myalgia (pericranial muscle pain) are more aggravated by physical activity than TTH patients with either one.

긴장성 두통 환자에서의 측두하악부 관절-근육통의 양상

오병섭,어규식,홍정표,전양현,Oh, Byung-Sub,Auh, Q-Schick,Hong, Jung-Pyo,Chun, Yang-Hyun 대한안면통증구강내과학회 2007 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.32 No.1

Although most cases of tension-type headache(TTH) are myogenic headache, in some cases, arthralgia appears, such as the disorder of the temporamandibular joint. This study is designed to compare the clinical patterns of arthralgia to those of myalgia, when both symptoms are co-existing. Among 167 patients who visit our clinic during a certain period, whose chief complaint was TTH, 18 patients were the arthralgia group, 50 patients were the myalgia group, and 99 patients who have both arthralgia and myalgia were the arthromyalgia group. Three groups were asked to answer the questionnaires about their age, gender, and oral parafunction such as bruxism or clenching. Then we gathered statistics on the data from the accomplished questionnaires. 1. There was statistical significance in age among the three groups(p=0.02). 2. There was no statistical significance in sex and oral parafunction among the three groups. 3. There was statistical significance the myalgia group was older than the arthromyalgia group(p<0.03). The results of the study show that as patients become older, TTH with myalgia happens more frequently than TTH with arthralgia and myalgia does.