거문고 향악조 청풍체의 ‘잉’(剩)에 관한 연구

양승경 한국음악사학회 2015 韓國音樂史學報 Vol.55 No.-

This study as a treatise on the system of modes and keys native to Korea hyangak akcho 鄕樂樂調 (tonal theory of hyangak, native Korean music) re-establishes the modal characteristics of p’yŏngjo 平調 and kyemyŏnjo 界面調 as presented in Akhak kwebŏm 『樂學軌範』 (Guide to the Study of Music) and examines the question of word ing 剩 in ch’ŏngp’ungch’e 淸風體, First, p’yŏngjo and kyemyŏnjo are analyzed in terms of kwech’abŏp 棵次法, sequence of fret fingering positions. In p’yŏngjo, there are 2 frets and 2 yul 律, moving up from kung 宮 (sol) to sang 商 (la), 3 frets and 3 yul from sang to kak 角 (do), 2 frets and 2 yul from kak to ch’i 徵 (re) and finally 2 frets and 2 yul from ch’i to u 羽 (mi). By the same token, kyemyŏnjo sets down 3 frets and 3 yul from kung (la) to sang (do), 2 frets and 2 yul from sang to kak (re), 2 frets and 2 yul from kak to ch’i (mi) and 3 frets and 3 yul from ch’i to u (sol). To identify the true meaning of ing, harimjo 河臨調 is considered which refers to ch’ŏngp’ungch’e. Hyangakki tosŏl 鄕樂器圖說 (Illustrating Pictures of native Korean instruments), the Akhak kwebŏm, states that ch’oijajo 嗺子調 and ch’ŏngp’ungch’e are identical with harimjo, as a result of correlation made between kayagŭm 伽倻琴 music harimjo in two different modes and that of kŏmun'go 거문고. In other words, the term harimjo with its kung 宮 at the 5th fret, in both p’yŏngjo and kyemyŏnjo is used to refer to both ch’oijajo in kyemyŏnjo with t’aeju 太簇 as its kung or ch’ŏngp’ungch’e in p’yŏngjo with kosŏn 姑洗 as its kung. Moreover, a review of the descriptions of ch’ŏngp’ungch’e in both the Akhak kwebŏm and the Sŏngho sasŏl 『星湖僿說』 (Essays by Sŏngho Yi Ik) confirms that there is a relationship between ing and t’angmokcho 啄木調. The Akhak kwebŏm notes that ch’ŏngp’ungch’e is also referred to hokch’ing 或稱 (lit. also called) as ing. This expression hokch’ing is used when something is referred to by a word or an expression that is understood to symbolize it, unlike hokch’ing which denotes a specific alternative name. It was not possible to identify a symbolic linkage between ing and t’angmokcho in lexicon terms with t’angmok defined as woodpecker. If ing is a typological mistake for pak 剝, however, pak can be understood as an onomatopoeia, describing pecking of a woodpecker. On this basis, it can be established that ing refers to t’angmokcho. Lastly this study examines the relationship between t’angmokcho and ch’ŏngp’ungch’e. T’angmokcho having its hwangjong kung 黃鍾宮 on 4th fret appears to be a simple transposition of ch’oijajo with t’aeju as its kung on 5th fret in kyemyŏnjo. As the Akhak kwebŏm describes ch’oijajo to get her with ch’ŏngp’ungch’e as harimjo, there is a direct connection between t’angmokcho and ch’ŏngp’ungch’e. This presents a musical basis to interpreting in ch’ŏngp’ungch’e as t’angmokcho. Investigations for this study have helped to clarify the meaning of ing in concrete terms which has so far remained unresolved among the scholars and to expand the understanding of relationships between harimjo, ch’ŏngp’ungch’e and t’angmokcho, all connected with ing. 본고는 거문고 향악조에 대한 논의로, 거문고 괘차법에 따라 『악학궤범』에 소개된 평조와 계면조의 선법적 내용을 재정리하고, 향악악조 청풍체의 ‘잉’(剩)에 관하여 살펴보았다. 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 거문고 괘차법에 따라 평조와 계면조는 각각 평조: 궁(솔)-상(2괘)(2율)(라)․상-각(3괘)(3율)(도)․각-치(2괘)(2율)(레)․치-우(2괘)(2율)(미), 계면조: 궁(라)-상(3괘)(3율)(도)․상-각(2괘)(2율)(레) ․각-치(2괘)(2율)(미)․치-우(3괘)(3율)(솔)와 같이 정리하였다. ‘잉’(剩)의 정체를 밝히기 위해 먼저, 청풍체와 관련된 하림조에 대해 살펴보았다. 그 결과 하림조는 5괘를 궁으로 하며, 평조와 계면조를 모두 구사하는 선법으로, ‘태주궁 계면조’의 최자조와 ‘고선궁 평조’의 청풍체를 모두 포괄하는 악조명이었다. 다음으로 『악학궤범』과 『성호사설』에 기록된 청풍체의 정의를 교차해본 결과, ‘잉’(剩)과 탁목조가 일정한 연관성을 갖는다는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 ‘혹칭’의 사전적 의미를 통해 ‘잉’(剩)과 탁목조는 ‘상징적인 관계’라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이어서 ‘잉’(剩)의 사전적 의미를 찾아보았으나, ‘딱따구리 새’를 뜻하는 탁목(啄木)과 어떠한 연관성을 찾을 수 없었고, 오히려 박(剝)이 의성어로서 기능할 때 탁목(啄木) 혹은 탁목조(啄木鳥)를 상징하는 용례를 찾을 수 있었다. 따라서 ‘잉’(剩)이 박(剝)의 오기(誤記)라는 전제 하에 ‘잉’(剩)은 탁목조를 지시한다고 할 수 있다. ‘잉’(剩)이 탁목조를 지시한다는 주장을 뒷받침하기 위해 탁목조와 청풍체의 연관성을 살펴보았다. 탁목조가 4괘 황종궁을 쓴다는 점에서 5괘 태주궁 계면조인 최자조와 병행하는 선법으로 해석될 수 있기 때문에, 결국 탁목조는 청풍체와 연결되는 것으로 보았다.

소규모 사업장 근로자의 건강정보이해능력, 자기효능감, 건강관심도가 건강증진행위에 미치는 영향

양승경 보건의료산업학회 2021 보건의료산업학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of health literacy, self-efficacy and health concern of workers at small-scale workplace in improving health- promoting behavior. Methods: Data were collected from 130 workers at six small-scale workplace in J City using questionnaires from December 1, 2020, to January 15, 2021. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé’s test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression. Results: The mean score for health literacy was 6.07±1.92, for self-efficacy was 2.80±0.34, for health concern was 2.49±0.46, and for health-promotion behavior was 2.49±0.46. The significant predictors of health-promoting behavior were health concern (β = .38, p < .001) and self-efficacy (β = .20, p = .015), with an explanatory power of 25.0%. Conclusions: In order to improve the health-promoting behavior of workers at small work places, it is necessary to develop and apply programs to promote health concern and self-efficacy.

사무직 근로자의 일과 삶의 균형 영향요인 - 그릿, 회복탄력성, 직무만족을 중심으로

양승경 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.12

This study investigates the association of grit, resilience, and job satisfaction with the work-life balance of office workers, and provides basic data for developing a program to promote their work-life balance. The subjects of this study were 184 office workers, and data were collected from October 4 to October 7, 2022, through an online survey using structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression applying the SPSS 23.0 program. The mean scores of office workers were determined to be: work-life balance 2.98±0.86 (range 0-6), grit 3.15±0.43 (range 1-5), resilience 2.38±0.58 (range 0-6), and job satisfaction 3.34±0.66 (range 1-5). The work-life balance of office workers showed a significantly positive correlation to grit (r=.46, p<.001), resilience (r=.38, p<.001), and job satisfaction (r=.37, p<.001). Factors significantly influencing the work-life balance of office workers were grit (β=.36, p<.001) and job satisfaction (β=.21, p=.043). The explanatory power of the related variables was 23%. The take-home message of this study indicates that to improve the work-life balance, there exists a necessity to develop a program that targets improving grit and job satisfaction of office workers. 본 연구의 목적은 사무직 근로자의 그릿, 회복탄력성, 직무만족, 일과 삶의 균형 정도를 파악하고 사무직 근로자의 일과 삶의 균형 증진을 위한 프로그램 개발의 근거자료를 제공하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 사무직 근로자 184명으로 2022년 10월 4일부터 10월 7일까지 구조화된 설문지를 활용하여 온라인 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 사용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, 피어슨 상관관계, 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 사무직 근로자의 일과 삶의 균형은 문항평균 2.98±0.86점(범위 0~6점)이였으며, 그릿 3.15±0.43점(범위 1~5점), 회복탄력성 2.38±0.58점(범위 0~4점), 직무만족 3.34±0.66점(범위 1~5점)으로 나타났다. 사무직 근로자의 일과 삶의 균형은 그릿(r=.46, p<.001), 회복탄력성(r=.38, p<.001), 직무만족(r=.37, p<.001)과 통계적으로 유의미한 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사무직 근로자의 일과 삶의 균형에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 그릿(β=.36, p<.001)과 직무만족(β=.21, p=.043)으로, 이들 변수의 설명력은 23%였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 사무직 근로자의 일과 삶의 균형 증진을 위해서는 그릿과 직무만족을 향상시키기 위한 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

여고생의 신체존중감, 비만스트레스, 자아존중감, 체중조절행위의 융복합적 관계 연구

양승경,하영미,정미라 한국디지털정책학회 2017 디지털융복합연구 Vol.15 No.3

치위생(학)과 학생들의 진로태도 성숙도에 영향을 미치는 성격 5요인

양승경 국제차세대융합기술학회 2022 차세대융합기술학회논문지 Vol.6 No.8

In this study, the results of analyzing 798 dental hygiene students in Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Chungjeong, and Gyeonggi-do to verify the effect of the fifth factor on career attitude maturity and analyze the relationship between detailed factors are as follows. First, it was found that the extroversion, openness, affinity, and sincerity of the five personality factors had a positive (+) effect on career attitude maturity. Second, for the determinism, which is a sub-factor of career attitude maturity, neurosis was found to have a significant negative(-) effect, and extroversion and sincerity were found to have a significant positive(+) effect. Third, the fifth factor of personality affecting the sub-area of career attitude maturity was found as follows. Personality factors that affect purpose are neurotic(-) and affinity(+). Confidence had a significant positive(+) effect on neurosis, extroversion, openness, affinity, and sincerity. For readiness, neuroticism, extroversion, affinity, and sincerity were found to have a significant positive(+) effect, and for independence, neuroticism had a significant positive(+) effect. 본 연구는 치위생(학)과 학생의 성격 5요인이 진로태도성숙에 미치는 영향을 검증하고, 그 세부 요인 간 의 관련성을 분석하고자 대구·경북, 충정, 경기지역의 치위생과 학생 798명을 대상으로 조사한 설문지를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성격 5요인의 외향성, 개방성, 친화성, 성실성이 진로태도 성숙도에 정(+)적의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로태도 성숙도의 하위요인인 결정성에 대해서 신경증은 유의미한 부(-)의 영향을 미치며, 외향성, 성실성은 유의미한 정(+ )의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 진로태도 성숙도의 하위영역에 영향을 미치는 성격 5요인은 다음과 같이 나타났다. 목적성에 영향을 미치는 성격요인으로는 신경증(-), 친화성(+) 의 영향을 미친다. 확신성은 신경증, 외향성, 개방성, 친화성, 성실성이 유의미한 정(+ )의 영향을 미쳤다. 준비성에 대해서는 신경증, 외향성, 친화성, 성실성은 유의미한 정(+ )의 영향을 미쳤으며, 독립성에 대해서는 신경증은(-), 개방성, 성실성은 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

조성의 악보 형성 및 그 전승에 관한 연구

양승경 한국국악학회 2013 한국음악연구 Vol.53 No.-

조선시대 거문고는 선유들의 청고한 이념과 자기성찰을 담는 그릇이었다. 실천적 수양방법에 의한 탄금과 금보 제작은 당시 거문고 음악에 관계된 학문적 대상인식을 명료하게 인지할 수 있다는 점에서 고무된다. 특히 저자와 연대가 분명한 고 금보는 후대에 제작된 금보의 새로운 음악적 사실들을 밝히는데 참고자료가 된다. 중종ㆍ명종대 금보의 적통을 이어온 조성금보는 음악사적으로 크게 조명 받지 못하였다. 조성의 악보로 『금보』(송씨이수삼산제본) 등에 실린 <만대엽>이 유일하다고 알려져 있기 때문이다. 그러나 이득윤(1553∼1630)의 『현금동문유기』에는 조성의 것으로 보이는 <낙시조 만대엽>․<조현음> 등이 다수 수록되어있어 주목된다. 따라서 본고에서는 『현금동문유기』에 실린 조성의 새로운 음악들을 확인하고, 동시에 그의 음악과 관련된 부대 악론들에 대해 살펴보았다. 먼저 『현금동문유기』에 전하는 다양한 조성의 악보들에 대해서는 『금합자보』의 <평조만대엽> 외에 『현금동문유기』에 실린 <평조 장대엽>․<조현곡일장> 등 새로운 안상 악보들을 참고하여 추론하여 보았다. 그리고 ‘조성보’로 명기된 ‘용발취성지도’의 수법과 『금보』의 수법조에 나타나는 차이에 대해서도 역시나『금합자보』 이후에 ‘모지자출’ 등 악율 진행의 필요에 따라 구가한 안상(1511~1576) 이후의 새로운 수법부호 들을 참고하여 이해를 구할 수 있었다. 다음으로 『현금동문유기』 소재의 「조성금보」가 제작된 시기를 고증하였다. 지금까지 「조성금보」의 제작 시기는 그의 卒(1555) 이전으로 막연히 짐작되었을 뿐이다. 본고에서는 「조성금보」의 제작시기를 가늠할 수 있는 「양심당문집서」ㆍ『관원일록』의 등을 살펴본 결과 늦어도 1540년(조성 나이 48세) 이전에 조성의 금보가 제작되었을 것으로 추정해 볼 수 있었다. 한편 『금보』에 수록된 <만대엽>과 <만대엽 고조>의 관계가 미제로 남아있었다. 그 이유는 <만대엽>에 표기된 “만대엽 고조 조성보개출어차”의 해석을 객관화하지 못하였기 때문이다. 따라서 본고는 한문학적인 방법의 해석과 함께 조성의 <만대엽>과 관계된 <평조 만대엽 고조>ㆍ<만대엽 고조>ㆍ<만대엽 조성보>를 비교하여 <만대엽 고조>가 조성의 악보이고, 또한 위의 세 악보가 동일한 악보로써 평조의 정체를 가진 곡들임을 확인하였다. 동시에 <만대엽 고조>와 <만대엽 조성보>는 조성 당대의 악보를 모본으로 삼아 『양금신보』(1610) 이후에 새로운 형태로 제작된 것이라는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 결국 조성의 악보로 간주할 수 있는 <평조 만대엽 고조>가 시대를 거치면서 평조의 정체를 지닌 <만대엽 고조> 및 <만대엽 조성보>로 제작되었고, 이어 『남훈유보』ㆍ『인수금보』ㆍ『남훈유보』ㆍ『박기환 소장금보』의 <만대엽 조성보>로 변화해왔다는 것을 알 수 있었다. No serious attempt has been made so far to investigate in depth geomungo music by Jo Seong(趙晟), though it best embodies Geomungo musical legacy and traditions during the reigns of King Jungjong and King Myeongjong(1515~1551). Up to now, scholars have focused only on his Mandaeyeop score(慢大葉) reprinted in Songsshi Geumbosamsanje Manuscript Geumbo (宋氏二水三山齊本琴譜, hereinafter “Geumbo”). This study attempts to further explore his musical world by studying the scores attributed to Yangshim-Dang(養心 堂, Jo’s nom de plume) collected in HyeongeumDongmunYugi (玄琴東文類記, hereinafter “Hyeondong”). These scores, collated at the end of Hyeondong, include Johyeoneum or Dashirim (調絃音), Nakshi-Jo Mandaeyeop(樂時調 慢大葉), Pyeong-Jo Bukjeon (平調 北殿) and Pyeong-Jo Soyeop (平調 小葉). Furthermore Mandaeyeop Go-Jo(慢大葉 古調) and Mandaeyeop both in Geumbo are compared and analyzed in order to reveal a full picture of Jo Seong’s Mandaeyeop. In Hyeondong, there are two different passages explaining notations representing various techniques of Geomungo, one titled Yongbal Chweeseong Ji Do (用撥取聲之圖) under the chapter “Jo Seong’s Geum-Bo (趙晟 琴譜)” and the other under “Geum-Bo by Jo Seong (琴 譜-趙晟 別號 養心堂).” The latter shows notations not found in YongbalChweeseongJiDo such as those for techniques involving the thumb and the forefinger. The reason for this difference can be understood by referring to Ahn Sang’s (安瑺) Pyeong-Jo Jangdaeyeop (平 調長大葉) and Johyeon-Gok Ⅰchapter (調絃曲一章). Variety of new notations begins to appear in Jo’s later music composed after his Mandaeyeop. Jo must have created these notations to better express his musical ideas. In Ahn Sang’s music, some notations as Jachul (自出) and Yeok-Chuseong (逆推聲) only found in Geumbo are used. That Ahn Sang makes use of these new technical notations in his music shows the influence that Jo Seong must have had on later generations of musicians. It is clear from the scores and the musical discourses accompanying them in Hyeondong that there did exist a compilation of Geumungo mjusic by Jo Seong before his death in 1555. Up to now, however, no information was available to narrow down the date, other than “before Jo’s death.” For dating of the compilation, his Collected Writings [文集] is looked into in detail. The Writing contains pieces referring to his work on the Compilation. From them, it is possible to determine that the Compilation was completed by 1540 at the latest when Jo was 48 years old. There is an issues still unresolved with reference to Jo’s Mandaeyeop. A passage in Geumbo explains “慢大葉 古調 趙晟譜盖出於此.” This has been subject to various interpretations. “古調” and “盖出於此” are in smaller letters than “慢大葉” and “趙晟譜.” In the tradition of classical Chinese writing, words in large letters take precedence over those in small letters. The passage should then be interpreted as Mandaeyeop Go-Jo came from Jo Seong’s musical Compilation. To verify this point, Mandaeyeop Go-Jo and Mandaeyeop both in Geumbo are compared against Pyeong-Jyo Mandaeyeop Go-Jo in Hyeondong published during Jo’s generation, in terms of such characteristics as melody and publication dates. It seems that both the pieces probably were not copied from the original or from reprints available during Jo’s lifetime. Rather they are later versions, sometime after the publication of YangGeumShinbo(梁琴新譜) in 1610. Our historical investigation of Manaeyeop leaves no doubt that Mandaeyeop Go-Jo came from Jo’s Compilation. Moreover Pyeong-Jo Mandaeyeop Go-Jo in Hyeondong, Mandaeyeop Go-Jo in Geumbo and Mandaeyeop in Geumbo are scores of the same musical piece. Pyeong-Jo Mandaeyeop Go-Jo, the original score composed in the 16thcentury, go through change safter the 17th century in the form of Mandaeyeop Go-Jo in Geumbo in 10-JeongGan(井間) form at and in Pyeong-Jo(平調). Later, this version is further re-edited, as reflected in Mandaeyeop in Geumbo, in Pyeong-Jo and in 16-Jeonggan GeumgHapjabo(琴合字譜) format which records lyrics, geomungo music and accompanying wind instrument music side by side. Jo, Seong’s Mandaeyope has been reprinted over the centuries in such compilations as NamhunYuBo(南薰遺譜), InsuGeumBo(仁壽琴譜), GyeongdaeGeumBo(慶大琴譜) and Geum-Bo in Park Gi-Hwan collection(朴基煥所藏琴譜). These reprints are versions of the same musical piece differing somewhat in melody and Jeonggan format. These differences, reflecting the different times when these compilations were edited, show revisions that the piece had received over the years. They are all in Pyeong-Jo and in Sam-Ji [三指, 林․南․黃․太․姑] with Lim(林) as its key note(宮) with its fingering position at the 5th fret of Daehyeon(大絃). In this study, the relationship between Mandaeyeop Go-Jo in Geumbo and Pyeong-Jo Mandaeyeop Go-Jo in Hyeondong has been investigated in detail. However, the connections that Hyeondong’s Pyeong-Jo Mandaeyeop Go-Jo “as recorded by Park Geun” (朴謹所傳) have with Jo Seong have not been touched upon which, it is hoped, will be further investigated as a subject of another study. “It is meaningless to be tied down in the things of the past but it is more so if one ignores them. For these things of the past are the very thing that drives the new things.”

소방공무원의 건강 관련 삶의 질 관련 요인

양승경 한국정신간호학회 2019 정신간호학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among occupational identity, social support, posttraumatic growth, and health-related quality of life regarding firefighters. Methods: The study was conducted with 149 firefighters working at two fire stations in South Gyeongsang Province. Data were collected between August and September 2018. There were four research instruments in the structured survey, including the occupational identity scale, social support scale, Korea Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument. Results: As a result, the quality of life of firefighters was positively correlated with social support, occupational identity, and posttraumatic growth. The factors associated with the quality of life of firefighters were social support (β=.36, p<.001), and occupational identity (β=.31, p<.001). The total explanatory power of these variables was 53.1%. Conclusion: To improve the health-related quality of life of firefighters based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop support programs to strengthen social support and occupational identity.

남성 생산직과 사무직 근로자의 운동행위에 영향을 미치는 요인 : Pender의 건강증진 모형을 활용

양승경,정미라,하영미 한국직업건강간호학회 2015 한국직업건강간호학회지 Vol.24 No.3

농촌지역 신중년의 건강증진행위, 가족탄력성, 부부의사소통 및 성공적노화의 관계

양승경,노주리,김미라 한국농촌간호학회 2021 한국농촌간호학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Purpose: This study was to investigate relationships among health promotion behavior, family resilience, marital communication, and successful aging of the new middle-aged living in rural areas. Methods: Data collection was conducted from May 1 to June 20, 2021, participants were 119 adults aged 50~69 living in rural areas. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS/WIN 23.0 program for descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: As a result, factors influencing successful aging for the new middle-aged were avocation (β=-.27, p=.002.), family resilience (β=.24, p=.045), marital communication (β=.22, p=.023), gender (β=.19, p=.023), and the explanatory power of 31.0%. Conclusion: These results suggest that it is necessary to develop a program to strengthen personal avocation, family resilience, and marital communication.

임상간호사의 긍정심리자본과 셀프리더십이 직무만족에 미치는 융복합적 효과

양승경,정은 한국디지털정책학회 2017 디지털융복합연구 Vol.15 No.6