생활 폐기물 소각재 중 바닥재의 特性

안지환,한기천,김형석 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2001 자원리싸이클링 Vol.10 No.4

The main consistent materials and main elements of the bottom ash in municipal solid waste incineration ash according to particle size were investigated and the environmental hazards were considered by investigating the content of dioxin and heavy metals in bottom ash and the concentration of heavy metals in its leachate. The main materials of bottom ash are glasses, ceramics, scraps of iron. As the particle size increases, their percentage weight also increases and their percentage weight was over 70% in 4 mesh~25 mm particle size fraction. The main elements of bottom ash are CaO, $SiO_2$, $Fe_2$$O_3$,$ A1_2$$O_3$and the content of CaO decreases and the content of $SiO_2$increases as particle size increases. The heavy metals accumulate in small particle size fraction. The concentration of heavy metals in each leachate by domestic leaching test is almost similar. As the aging period is prolonged, pH of bottom ash lowers gradually and the leached concentration of Cu and Pb diminishes.

생활폐기물(生活廢棄物) 소각(燒却) 바닥재의 자력선별(磁力選別)에 따른 크롬과 니켈의 거동(擧動)

안지환,엄남일,조계홍,오명환,유광석,한기천,조희찬,한춘,김병곤,Ahn, Ji-Whan,Um, Nam-Il,Cho, Kye-Hong,Oh, Myung-Hwan,You, Kwang-Suk,Han, Gi-Chun,Cho, Hee-Chan,Han, Choon,Kim, Byong-Gon 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2007 자원리싸이클링 Vol.16 No.6

생활 폐기물은 대부분 유리류와 자기류뿐만 아니라 많은 양의 iron을 함유하고 있으며 약 $3{\sim}11%$에 달한다. 대부분의 iron은 Ni-Fe와 Ni-Cr-Fe 같은 합금으로 존재하거나, 부식방지와 광택을 위해 Ni와 Cr로 도금된 iron으로 존재하고 있기 때문에 소각로에서 소각될 경우 철 재품 표면에 심하게 파손된 $Fe_3O_4$층과 함께 $NiFe_2O_4$와 FeCr_2O_4$을 형성하게 되어 바닥재에 존재하게 되어 중금속산화물 층을 형성시킬 수 있다. iron은 자력이 매우 강해 자력선별에 의해 쉽게 선별되며 이러한 효과로 인해 중금속 산화물의 선별까지 얻을 수 있다. 또한 바닥재는 다양한 Ni와 Cr 산화물들을 함유하고 있으며, Ni와 Cr은 강자성을 띈 물질이기 때문에 자력선별에 의해 큰 영향을 받을 수 있다. 따라서 자력선별에 따른 Ni와 Cr의 거동에 대해 조사하였으며 그 밖의 다른 중금속(Cu, Pb, Cd, As)들의 거동 또한 확인해 보았다. 그 결과 Ni와 Cr은 약 $45{\sim}50%$의 선별율을 보였으며, Cu와 Pb는 $15{\sim}20%$을 나타냈다. 또한 자력선별 전과 후의 바닥재에 대해 Ni와 Cr의 용출량을 확인해본 결과 자력선별 후 바닥재의 용출량이 더 낮음을 확인할 수 있었다.

생활폐기물(生活廢棄物) 소각(燒却)바닥재의 재활용(再活用)을 위한 연구(硏究)

안지환,오명환,한춘,Ahn, Ji-Whan,Oh, Myung-Hwan,Han, Choon 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2008 자원리싸이클링 Vol.17 No.1

The treatment of domestic municipal solid waste has inclined to incineration process instead of disposal in landfills. So, the amount of ash generated by incineration of municipal solid waste is gradually increased. The incineration ash divides into bottom ash and fly ash. The bottom ash which accounts for about 90% of the incineration ash consists of ceramics, glasses and metals. And it can be used as the recycling product by the stabilization process. For example, the bottom ash is used as secondary building material or for other similar purposes such as road sub-bases and noise barrier in USA, Europe and Japan. But, the stabilization-treatment technique of bottom ash sti11leaves much to be desired in Korea. Thus, the domestic study of recycling about bottom ash must be improved through investigation about the chemical property and technique of stabilization.

펄프.제지산업(製紙産業) 폐수(廢水)의 특성(特性)과 생물학적(生物學的) 처리기술(處理技術)

안지환,임미희,Abn, Ji-Whan,Lim, Mi-Hee 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2009 자원리싸이클링 Vol.18 No.2

This paper describes characteristics of pollutants in wastewater from the pulp and paper industry and biological technologies for the wastewater treatment. The wastewater from the pulp and paper industry contains high concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and shows high toxicity and strong black-brown color. In particular, organic chlorinated compounds such as dioxins and furans may be formed by the chlorination of lignin in wood chips. Thus the pulp and paper industry is recently trending toward total chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching processes. All biological technologies for pulp and paper wastewater treatment are based on the contact between wastewater and bacteria, which feed on organic materials in the wastewater, thus they reduce BOD concentration in it. Both aerobic and anaerobic treatments were found to be effective for the wastewater treatment. Furthermore, advanced technologies such as fungal application and combined biological-filtration process have been also introduced to the wastewater treatment field. These technologies would be useful for water recycling to reduce water consumption throughout pulp and paper making process.

클래식 시장 개척과 문화정책, 그리고 몇 가지 아쉬운 점

안지환 부산음악평론가클럽 2002 음악과 비평 Vol.1 No.2

생활폐기물 소각재를 이용하여 합성한 클링커의 중금속 및 수화반응 거동에 관한 연구

안지환,한기천,한기석,Ahn Ji Whan,Han Gi Chun,Han Ki Suk 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2004 자원리싸이클링 Vol.13 No.4

The intension of this study is to produce ordinary portland cement using ash, both bottom ash and fly ash, obtained from municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI). We used limestone, waste molding sand, shale, slag from converting furnaces and fly ash as main raw materials and mixed them, setting the lime saturation factor (LSF) within 91.0, the silica modulus (SM) within 2.40, and iron modulus (IM) within 1.80. We conducted tests adding bottom ash alone 1, 2 and 3% by weight, respectively, and a mixture of bottom ash 0.9% and fly ash 0.1 % by weight. The result of analysis on clinker shows that the more ash is added, the lower the burnability index (B.I.) falls, lowering the mineral evolution of calcium silicate accordingly. From the measurement of compressive strength we have learned that the more ash is used, the lower the strength becomes.

산업부산물을 콘크리트 포장에 사용하기 위한 기본계획 수립 연구

안지환,권수안,김연복 한국도로학회 2005 한국도로학회 학술대회 발표논문 초록집 Vol.2005 No.11

하중전달계수 산정과정에서 온도보정모형 개발

안지환,권수안,김현욱,김연복 한국도로학회 2002 한국도로학회 학술대회 발표논문 초록집 Vol.2002 No.10

Clinical Characteristics and Survival of Korean Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients Based on Vasoreactivity

안지환,강병주,홍선인,이정수,이재승,오연목,이상도 대한의학회 2014 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.12 No.12

We aimed to identify a vasoreactive subset of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterialhypertension (IPAH) in Korea and to show their clinical characteristics and prognosis. Dataon patients who were diagnosed with IPAH at Asan Medical Center between January 1994and March 2013 were retrospectively collected. Acute vasodilator testing was performedwith inhaled nitric oxide during diagnostic right heart catheterization. A positive acuteresponse was defined as a reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) ≥ 10 mmHgto an absolute level of mean PAP < 40 mmHg without a decrease in cardiac output. Among a total of 60 IPAH patients included for analysis, 9 (15%) showed a positive acuteresponse to acute vasodilator testing. Acute responders showed significantly lower peakvelocity of a tricuspid regurgitation jet on echocardiography (4.1 ± 0.3 m/s vs. 4.6 ± 0.6m/s; P = 0.01) and significantly lower mean PAP hemodynamically (47 ± 10 mmHg vs. 63 ± 17 mmHg; P = 0.003) than non-responders at baseline. The survival rate of acuteresponders was 88% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 yr, respectively, which was significantly higher thanthat of non-responders (85%, 71%, 55%, and 40%, respectively; P = 0.029). In conclusion,Korean IPAH patients with vasoreactivity showed better baseline hemodynamic featuresand survival than those without vasoreactivity.

생활폐기물 소각재중 바닥재를 이용한 11CaOㆍ$7Al_2O_3$ㆍ$CaCl_2$클링커의 제조

안지환,김형석,한기천,조진상,한기석,Ahn Ji-Whan,Kim Hyung-Seok,Han Gi-Ckun,Cho Jin-Sang,Han Ki-Suk 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2002 자원리싸이클링 Vol.11 No.4

The clinker of which main component was calcium-chloroaluminate ($l1CaOㆍ7Al_2$$O_3$ㆍ$CaCl_2$), was synthesized with the bottom ash of municipal solid waste incinerator ash. The hydration mechanism and synthesis temperature of calcium-chloro-aluminate were investigated. The synthesized clinker was blended with a cement. It was substituted with 3~13 wt.% for clinker and $CaSO_4$ of ordinary portland cement. The compressive strength and the content of leached heavy metals of its mortar were measured. Calcium-chloroaluminate was synthesized above $800^{\circ}C$ and its main hydrate was ettringite ($3CaOㆍAl_2$$O_3$ㆍ$3CaSO_4$ㆍ$32H_2$O). The calcium-chloroaluminate was also synthesized above $800^{\circ}C$ with the bottom ash of which size fraction was below 30 mesh mainly. The compressive strength of the blended cement mortar was increased as the additive content of the clinker synthesized from the bottom ash was increased by 11 wt.%. The concentration of heavy metals leached from each mortar was satisfied with the value of the environmental standards and regulations.