불영사계곡의 명승 지정구역 조정 및 현상변경 방안 연구

안승홍,홍윤순,김학범,Ahn, Seung-Hong,Hong, Youn-Soon,Kim, Hak-Beom 한국조경학회 2010 한국조경학회지 Vol.37 No.6

Since ancient times, Korea has been called a land of beauty. Scenic sites under the Cultural Properties Protection Act include picturesque places that are famous for their natural scenic beauty as well as their historical and cultural value. Scenic sites are managed as natural assets to promote their preservation and use. However, the management of scenic sites can produce adverse effects on regional development and ownership rights. Moreover, the purpose of their designation as cultural assets is not fully understood because scenic sites are managed by focusing on restraint on users' act the same as was applied to historic sites. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to protect inhabitants' rights of ownership by arranging the boundaries of designated areas and by providing standard permission for condition changes in the Buryeongsa Valley, which was designated as a Scenic Site in 1979. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, arranging the boundaries of the designated area includes the arrangement of the edge lines standardized on the visual range of the mountain ridge, preventing the loss of landscape beauty in the designated district; the internal clearing district focuses on the existing settlement. Gearing the designated areas after the arrangement of the boundaries results in $11,928,932m^2$, 38.6% compared to the existing designated areas. Second, it establishes a 500m buffer zone inside the radius of the boundary of the cultural asset as a standard for condition changes that seriously affect landscape preservation. Third, the standards for permission on building 'height regulations' are divided into flat and gable, according to the roof shape. The adopted standard is 8m high for 2 story flat roofs, and 12m high for 2 story gable roofs.

치유 개념을 적용한 노후 캠퍼스 정원설계 - 서울교육대학교 다솜채 안뜰정원을 대상으로 -

안승홍 한국청소년시설환경학회 2017 청소년시설환경 Vol.15 No.1

기억에 기반한 조경설계의 개념 형상화 유형

안승홍 한국조경학회 2017 한국조경학회지 Vol.45 No.6

The designers pursue the thoughtful and wide thinking through the accumulation of knowledge and cultivation of insights for making use of high-level design philosophy and language. The purpose of this study is to investigate characteristics of concept figuration types based on designer’s ‘memory' in landscape design. The results of this study are as follows. First, the design idea starts to be based on the language and image memory of the designer. The figuration types are composed of the verbal and visual view which are representative communication means. Second, the verbal concept figuration of landscape design consists of two types. The symbolic language of the title as a design theme can be a ‘phrase', and it should have a hierarchial balance between the master and the sub. ‘Descriptive shape of conceptual scenario' is a text that expresses the concept narratively in order that the reader virtually experiences designed landscapes. Third, visual concept figuration of landscape design is divided into three types. ‘Simple visualization of a diagram' is easily embodied through a simple graphic using symbols, comments, images and key words. ‘Concept sketch and shape of core idea' is useful to grasp the core of the idea such as physical element, form attribute of space and spatial relation at the initial phase of the concept. ‘A collage and montage that create a new shape with a combination of images' are a collection of materials and images that provide a new perspective. These are tools to depict them in a compressed way after recording landscapes phenomenon. 설계가는 차원 높은 설계철학과 언어를 구사하기 위해 지식 축척과 통찰력 배양을 통해 사고의 폭과 깊이를 추구한다. 본 연구는 조경설계에서 설계가의 ‘기억’을 기반으로 한 개념 형상화 유형 특성을 구명하고자 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 설계 아이디어는 설계가의 언어와 이미지 기억을 바탕으로 발상을 시작하여 대표적 의사소통 수단인 언어적 관점과 시각적 관점으로 형상 유형이 구성된다. 둘째, 조경설계의 언어적 개념 형상화는 2가지로 구성된다. ‘설계주제로서 제목의 상징적 언어’는 하나의 ‘구(句)’일 수 있으며, 위계를 두어 주(主)와 부(副)의 균형을 갖추어야 한다. ‘개념적 시나리오의 서술적 형상’은 서술적으로 개념을 표현하여 독자가 설계된 경관을 가상으로 경험하는 글이다. 셋째, 조경설계의 시각적 개념 형상화는 3가지로 구성된다. ‘다이어그램의 시각적 단순 형상’은 단순한 그래픽으로 상징물, 주석과 이미지, 키워드를 사용하여 쉽게 형상화된다. ‘개념스케치와 핵심 아이디어의 형상’은 초기 개념단계에서 물리적 요소와 공간에 대한 형태 속성 및 공간관계와 같은 아이디어의 핵심을 파악하는데 유용하다. ‘이미지 조합으로 새로운 형상을 창조하는 콜라주와 몽타주’는 새로운 시각을 제공하는 재료와 이미지의 모음으로 경관 현상을 기록하여 아이디어를 압축적으로 묘사하는 도구이다.

뉴욕시 센트럴파크 컨서번시를 통한 민간참여 특성 연구

안승홍 한국도시부동산학회 2022 도시부동산연구 Vol.13 No.1

This study aims to obtain clues for domestic application by examining the private participation for operation of city park targeting Central Park Conservancy and examining the public-private cooperation of park management, organizational structure, and financial operation. Central Park in New York is a representative example of CPC's participation in park operation as a private institution and restoration as a global park. The characteristics of private participation operation can be summarized as follows. First, CPC has a systematic organization for park management. The operating organization of CPC consists of a committee, regular workers, and volunteers. The committee is composed of 53 members, and a systematic decision-making structure was organized by forming a standing committee and a special committee. To manage the park, it employs full-time workers such as planners, landscape architects, executors, finance officers, and public relations officers, and recruits numerous volunteers to support daily activities such as tours, planting flowers and seedlings, and garbage collection. Second, civic participation programs are being promoted. Participatory programs by theme have Environmental/ecological programs, health programs, and culture/art programs and programs for children, youth, and the general public are operated as participatory programs for each generation. Third, it is financial management through fundraising activities. CPC, which has been carrying out restoration projects with New York City funds since 1980, started a fundraising project in 1985 and continued its fundraising activities. About 85% of the annual operating budget is generated through various fundraising activities and investment returns.

이화원 황가원림의 경관연출기법 연구

안승홍,윤성융,염성진,윤상준,이원호 한국전통조경학회 2018 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.36 No.4

This study is a basic one analyzing the scenic characteristics that are created in Royal Garden in China while taking into consideration that Royal Garden in China is a fruit compiling all of the Chinese classical gardens. In case of Summer Palace in China, it adopted various kinds of landscape displaying techniques for fulfilling the desires of an Emperor who wanted to appreciate beautiful landscapes all the time. Accordingly, the scenic characteristics can be summarized as follows. First, Summer Garden creates various kinds of garden landscapes through various kinds of landscape creation techniques, such as, Borrowed Landscape, Central One, Background One, Symmetrical One, Axial One, Dividing One, Framed One, Window One and Complementing One, etc. Second, it was created in order for visitors to focus on appreciation of landscapes by allocating hard points while considering the symmetric structure, Structure of Long Corridor and Visual Physiology of a building on the basis of the South-North Pivotal Line. Third, it utilized the scenic spot transferring technique that introduces the landscapes of scenic spots in various regions of China to Summer Palace to be matched to the unique geological characteristics of Summer Garden. It was found that Summer Palace adopted the common landscaping techniques in Jiangnan Region of Ancient China since the landscape of Jichang Garden in Hangzhou and that of Shan Tang Jie in Suzhou are reproduced and transferred. It was found that 3 methods mentioned above have the effects that attract sightseers' eyes naturally and make their interests concentrated as well as reviving the feeling of space in a garden and creating abundant scenic beauty. 본 연구는 황가원림이 중국 고전원림을 집대성한 산물임을 상정하고 황가원림에 연출된 경관 특성을 분석한 연구이다. 이화원에는아름다운 경관을 감상하고자 한 황제의 욕망을 위해 다양한 경관연출기법이 적용되었는데 이에 따른 경관 특성은 다음과 같이 정리할수 있다. 첫째, 이화원은 차경, 주경, 배경, 대경, 협경, 분경, 광경, 누경, 첨경 등 다양한 조망처리기법을 통해 다양한 원림경관을 형성하고있다. 둘째, 남북의 중축선을 기준으로 한 건축물을 대칭구도 및 장랑구조, 시각생리를 고려한 경점의 배치를 통해 경관 감상에 집중할수 있도록 하였다. 셋째, 중국 각지의 명승지 경관을 이화원의 고유한 지형적 특성에 맞게 도입하는 명경이식기법을 활용하였다. 이화원에는 항주와기창원, 소주의 산당가의 경관이 재현·이식되어 공통적으로 강남지역의 경관이 이식되어 있음을 확인하였다. 이상의 3가지 기법들은 원림 내에 공간감을 살리고, 풍부한 경관을 연출할 뿐 아니라 유람객의 시선을 자연스럽게 유도하고 집중시키는효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

조경설계에서 미술의 소통과 표현 특성

안승홍 서울大學校 環境大學院 2009 環境論叢 Vol.48 No.-

표준시방서와 전문시방서 비교를 통한 국가유산수리 표준시방서 조경공사 항목 개정을 위한 기초연구

안승홍,김충식,정해준,김순기,김민선 한국전통조경학회 2024 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.42 No.4

본 연구는, 전통조경의 유산 인식을 바탕으로 한 조경유산의 보존체계 구축 과정의 일환으로서, 현재 운용 중인 국가유산수리 표준시방서 (조경공사)와 건설산업 조경공사 표준시방서 및 전문시방서의 체계 및 항목 구성과의 비교를 통해 향후 국가유산수리 표준시방서(조경공사)의 개선방안에 대해 논의하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국가유산수리 표준시방서(조경공사)는 향후 새로운 국가유산 체계에서 전통조경의 유산 특성을 반영하여 복원 및 활용에 필요한 더욱 다양한 공종 및 세부 내용 구성이 요구된다. 둘째, 국가유산청의 정책 방향성인 보존과 활용 두 측면에 모두 대응할 수 있도록 보존 뿐 아니라 활용을 위한 다양한 조경공종의 추가가 요구된다. 셋째, 국가유산수리 표준시방 서(조경공사)에 국가유산수리에 필요한 모든 조경공종을 담아내기 어려우므로 건설공사 조경공사 표준시방서 등 관련분야의 표준시방서와 상보적인 관계를 구성하여야 하며, 이를 위해 코드체계 및 구성 요소와 항목 등의 측면에서의 개선이 요구된다. 2024년 현재는 국가유산 체계 변화의 초기 단계로서 「자연유산법」을 바탕으로 전통조경이 새로이 유산으로서 인식되고 있는 초기 단계로, 필요성에도 불구하고 아직 전통조경 관련 제도 전반이 마련되지 못한 시기적 한계를 지닌다. 본 연구는 이러한 상황에서 국가유산수리 표준시방서(조경공사)의 개선을 위한 시사점을 도출함으로써 조경유산 관련 공사에 대한 기반을 마련하고자 하는 기초연구로, 향후 표준시방서 개선뿐 아니라 전통조 경의 제도 마련 및 개선 전반에 관한 더 다양하며 구체적인 연구가 요구된다. This study, as part of the process of establishing a system for preserving landscape heritage based on the recognition of the heritage of traditional landscape, discussed ways to improve the National Heritage Restoration Standard Specification (Landscape Architecture Construction) in the future by comparing the system and item composition of the current National Heritage Repair Standard Specification (Landscape Construction) with the Construction Industry Landscape Architecture Construction Standard Specification and related specialized specifications. The results of this study are as follows: first, the National Heritage Restoration Standard Specification (Landscape Architecture Construction) should reflect the heritage characteristics of traditional landscapes under the new national heritage system, and should include more diverse types of work and detailed contents required for restoration and utilization. Second, in order to respond to both preservation and utilization, which are the policy directions of the Korea Heritage Service, various types of landscape architecture construction should be added for utilization as well as preservation. Third, it is difficult to include all types of landscape architecture construction required for national heritage repair in the National Heritage Restoration Standard Specification (Landscape Architecture Construction), and therefore, it should form a complementary relationship with standard specifications in related fields, such as Construction Industry Landscape Architecture Standard Specification, including improvements in the code system, components, and items. As of 2024, it is the initial stage of the change in the national heritage system, and the initial stage in which traditional landscape is newly recognized as heritage based on the 「Natural Heritage Act」. Despite the necessity, there is a limitation of the time in which the entire system related to traditional landscape has not yet been established. This study is a basic study that aims to establish the foundation for works related to landscape heritage by deriving implications for improving the National Heritage Restoration Standard Specification (Landscape Architecture Construction). In the future, more diverse and specific studies are required not only on improving the standard specification but also on establishing and improving the overall system of traditional landscape.

도시공원일몰제 시행의 문제점 및 대책

안승홍 국제부동산정책학회 2018 국제부동산정책학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11

조경설계에서 미술 재현 특성 연구

안승홍 한국기초조형학회 2017 기초조형학연구 Vol.18 No.4

Landscape architects have been searching for a design motif in all artistic activities and exploring forms of various art and expression. Especially, the fine arts have given a sense of design and a form of representation to landscape architects. Paintings served as abundant resources for making landscapes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the representation characteristics of landscape design by grasping the interrelation between situation of the fine arts and a landscape architecture-designed space. The subjects of this study were from Chinese ancient landscape paintings to modernism works. The results of the study are as follows : 1) The Chinese and English gardens realizing idealistic nature sought the painting ideal of Chinese and British landscape painting. Chinese gardens pursued a natural beauty of selecting landscape. English gardens sought to create a garden like a painting with the concept of ‘picturesque.’ 2) The influence of Modernism art characterized by Cubism and Minimalism led to abstract spatial features in landscape design. The space concept of Cubism paintings which show images of various phases at a single point gave a lot of inspiration to landscape architects. However, a two-dimensional painting could not be appropriately expressed in a three-dimensional landscape architect-designed space. Unlike Minimalism that emphasizes the essential reduction of objects in the middle and late 20th century, Minimalism of landscaping pursued aesthetic and meaningful space arts in an enormous environment of landscape just like using objects by minimalists to control their gallery space. 3) In the late 1960s, interests in nature and the environment were recovered due to the blind faith in technological civilization in the modernist era. The land art emerged to mix both tendency to deny art as a material and anti-civilized cultural phenomenon. It respected the history and characteristics of place in landscape architecture. It had also led to abundant dialogue between nature and human culture, environment and art in landscape design. This study is meaningful to interpret and to overlook relationship and interconnectivity between landscape architect-designed works and art works as a motif of design inspiration considering a trend that emphasizes various cultural insights and periodical arts sympathy. 조경가들은 모든 예술행위에서 설계 단서를 찾아 왔으며 다른 예술 매체와 표현방식을 탐구하였다. 특히 미술은 조경가에게 설계 감각과 재현의 형태를 제시하였으며 회화는 경관 조성에 풍부한 자료원 역할을 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 미술 분야의 시대적 예술 상황과 조경공간의 상호 연관성을 파악함으로써 조경설계의 재현 특성을 고찰하는 것이다. 연구 대상은 고대 중국 산수화에서 모더니즘 작품까지로 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 이상적 자연을 실현하고자 한 중국과 영국의 정원은 중국 산수화와 영국 풍경화의 회화적 이상을 추구하였다. 중국정원은 취경적 자연미를 추구하고 영국정원은 픽춰레스크(picturespue)를 중심개념으로 그림같은 정원을 만들고자 하였다. 2) 큐비즘과 미니멀리즘으로 특징되는 모더니즘 예술의 영향은 조경설계에서 추상적 공간 특성을 나타나게 하였다. 단일한 한 지점에서 다양한 국면의 이미지를 보여주는 큐비즘 회화의 공간개념은 조경가에 많은 영감을 주었으나 2차원의 그림이 3차원의 조경공간에 적절하게 표현되지는 못 하였다. 20세기 중후반 물체의 본질적 환원성을 강조한 미니멀리즘과 달리 조경의 미니멀리즘은 미니멀리스트들이 갤러리 공간을 조절하기 위해 오브제를 이용하듯이 거대한 환경 속에서 심미적이고도 의미를 가지는 공간예술을 추구하였다. 3) 모더니즘 시대의 기술문명에 대한 맹신으로 인해 1960년대 후반 자연과 환경에 대한 관심이 회복되었다. 물질로서 예술의 부정 경향과 반문명적 문화현상의 혼합으로 탄생한 대지예술은 조경에서 장소의 역사와 특성을 존중하고, 자연과 인간 문화, 환경과 예술의 대화를 풍부하게 이끌어내었다. 본 연구는 다양한 문화적 통찰과 시대적 예술 교감을 강조하는 시대적 조류를 감안할 때 설계 영감의 모티브로 미술 작품을 조경 작품과의 관계 속에서 해석하고 상호 연관성을 조감해 본 것이 의의라 할 수 있다.

현대조경설계에서 미니멀리즘의 조형개념 특성

안승홍,Ahn, Seung-Hong 한국조경학회 2009 한국조경학회지 Vol.37 No.5

In landscape architecture, the pursuit of pluralism requires diverse expression based on cultural and philosophical differences. Landscape architects impart social purposes and spatial relationships to the contemporary generation by providing particular environments that reflect the culture of the day. Particularly, landscape architects reflect contemporary art in their design works and express the characteristics of the arts of the day in real spaces. Historically they have sought motives from all fields of art. The plastic concept in landscape design is based specifically on paintings that directly influence spatial composition. Minimalism in landscape architecture contributes to the formation of artistic characteristics that can be explained to improve artistry in landscapes as aesthetic objects, which were eliminated in the modernist era, and to realize contemporary art. By interpretively studying design works, therefore, this study reveals plastic concepts' influence on landscape design affected by minimalist art. The characteristics of plastic concepts in minimalist landscape design can be summarized as follows. First, the reduction of Minimalist Landscape is meant for viewers to immediately understand a work's identity and to easily perceive its intention by using design language implied by the pure geometric forms such as circles, triangles and squares. Second, the extension intends to seek internal order by connecting design elements mutually and externally to provide visual direction by adopting linear expression. Third, the flatness that defines meaningless space tends to overlay additional elements on a flattened site to induce the perception of a sequence of landscapes and to patternize pavement to improve its visual image. Finally, seriality has two characteristics: to make centrality in space and to compose by repeating formative elements and materials based on the pursuit of a site's totality, rather than an individual space's originality.