공업계 고등학교 공업교사가 인식하는 직무수행능력의 중요도및 수준

안광식 한국직업교육학회 2006 職業 敎育 硏究 Vol.25 No.3

이 연구에서는 공업계 고등학교 공업교사가 인식하는 직무수행능력의 중요도 및 수준을 측정하고 공업교사 직무수행능력의 향상 방안을 제시하고자 하였다.연구의 대상은 공립 공업계 고등학교 교사 204명이었고, 직무수행능력의 중요도 및 수준을 파악하기 위하여 안광식(2006a)이 개발한 도구를 사용하였다. 연구의 결과 첫째, 공업계 고등학생들의 수준에 맞는 교재의 개발 및 보급과 교육과정 운영에 관한 체계적인 연수 프로그램 개발, 둘째, 공업교사 양성대학이나 교사 연수에 학급관리와 경영 능력을 배양할 수 있는 프로그램 제공, 셋째, 7차 교육과정에서 공업교육이 계속교육과 종국교육의 성격을 동시에 갖게 됨에 따라 진학에 관한 체계적인 준비와 지도, 넷째, 산학협동 교육 전담교사 배치 및 체계적인 지원 프로그램 개발, 다섯째, 교육과정의 편성에 관한 체계적인 연수 프로그램의 개발 및 보급이 이루어져야 할 것으로 나타났다.이 연구에서 얻어진 결론을 근거로 직무수행능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하여 현직 교원의 직무연수나 공업교사 양성 대학에 제공한다면, 이들의 직무수행능력 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study aimed to measure the importance and level of technical teachers' job performance competency and suggest the way to improve it. The subject was 204 technical teachers working in public high school, and a tool developed by AnGwangSik(2006a) was used to measure the importance and level of job performance competency. It appeared that five can be suggested based on the result of this study. First, the text book fit to the level of technical high school students needs to be developed and spread and a systematic retaining program needs to be developed, dealing with how to operate the technical high school curriculum.Second, to cultivate the teachers' ability of class management and operation, some programs should be provided to teachers in the course of retraining and to the students of a teacher- training college.Third, the systematic preparation for and guide to entrance into a university are required as technical education has had the characteristic of both continuing education and terminal education in the 7th curriculum.Fourth, a full-time teacher should be arranged charging the education of industrial-educational cooperation and a systematic program to support them needs to be developed. Fifth, a systematic retraining program about curriculum organization needs to be developed and spread.A program to improve job performance competency can be developed based on the results of this study. It is expected that it will helpful for improving teachers' job performance competency to provide the program to the teachers in the retraining course and students studying in colleges bringing up technical teachers.

공업계 고등학교 공업교사 직무수행능력 측정도구 개발 및 수준 개선방안

안광식 한국교원교육학회 2006 한국교원교육연구 Vol.23 No.2

이 연구에서는 산업과 교육과정의 변화에 따라 공업교사가 갖추어야 할 직무수행능력을 측정할 수 있는 도구를 개발하고, 요인을 추출하여 공업교사의 직무수행능력 향상에 도움을 주고자 하였다.먼저 문헌연구와 11명의 전문가 집단을 통하여 도구를 개발하였고, 194명의 교사를 대상으로 직무수행능력에 대한 내용 타당도와 수준에 대하여 조사를 실시하였다. 그리고 요인분석을 통하여 5개의 요인을 추출하였다. 요인 1은 교수-학습 및 평가, 요인 2는 학급운영 및 대인관계, 요인 3은 전문교과 및 산학협동 운영, 요인 4는 전문성 신장 및 장인정신, 그리고 요인 5는 교육과정으로 명명하였다. 직무수행능력의 수준에 있어서는 기능사 자격 취득을 위한 지도 능력이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 교육과정의 이해능력이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다.이 연구의 결과 나타난 직무수행능력의 수준을 분석하여 공업계 고등학교 교사 재교육과 공업교사 양성대학의 교육과정 편성 및 운영에 반영한다면 공업교사의 직무수행능력을 극대화하고, 신입 공업교사들의 직무수행능력 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

공업계 고등학교 교사가 인식하는 직업기초능력의 수준 및 중요도

안광식 한국실과교육연구학회 2007 實科敎育硏究 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of the study is for suggestion of improvement method thorough assessment of the level and significance of the key competencies of technical high school students. The subjects of the study were 93 teachers of the general subject, and 116 teachers of the specialized subject. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0k and T- test was conducted. As a result of the study:First, teachers of the general subject perceived that the level of technical high school students in technical competences is higher than teachers of the specialized subject did. Second, selection of the proper level of terminology is necessary for smooth communication as the level of communication ability is low. Third, educational program for improvement of the mathematical capability which suits to the specialized subject as improvement of the mathematical capability was necessary. Four, creative engineering program is to be utilized for development of the problem solving capability. Five, students at technical high school possess the technical capability required by companies even though their understanding level of the specialized subject is low. Six, teachers of the general subject view the adaptability of technical high school students in the industrial site is higher than teachers of the specialized subject do. Seven, computer literacy of technical high school students is revealed to be relatively satisfactory. According to the study result and in order to improve the key competencies, level of the key competencies for technical high school students is to be assessed preciously. The education program is to be reformed for development of the necessary competence by utilizing the class activities focus on creativity and the text materials for individual learning level.

공업계 고등학교 학생들의 직업기초능력의 수준과 개선 방안

안광식,최완식,배동윤,박락영 대한공업교육학회 2005 대한공업교육학회지 Vol.30 No.2

The purpose of this study is to measure the level of the key competencies of industrial high school students and to use it as the basic material so as to improve the key competencies. The subject was 359 industrial high school students(boys: 244, girls: 115) in Seoul, Daejeon, Gwangju, and Busan. The instrument used to measure the key competencies is that developed by Cheol-Young Jeong, which was partly revised with the help of a group of experts. The results of this study showed some of skills were below an average of 3.0, which were writting skill(M=2.85) and speaking skill(M=2.96) in communication skills, logical thinking(M=2.98) in problem solving skills, leadership skill(M=2.88) in interpersonal skills, and self-improvement skill(M=2.96) and the spirit of public service(M=2.93) in self-management and self-improvement skills. But technology skills were above an average of 3.0. And it appeared that technology skills(P=.023) depended on having a certificate or not, and so did communication skills(P=.020) and problem solving skills(P=.034) on the types of a course(employment or entrance into a college). So, to strengthen the key competencies which appeared below an average of 3.0 in this study, not only does the curriculum of industrial high schools need to be reorganized, but systematic strengthening program of key competencies should also be developed.

美國의 公共 텔리비젼에 관한 硏究

安光植 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1982 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.40 No.-

This study was designed to determine the trend of American public television content programming and to present recommendations for use in Korea. In addition to the programming survey, courses of development and structure of the public broadcasting were examined in this research. Studies on the background and programming trend of public television programs were conducted on the following types of programs: children, education and instruction, public affairs, culture and art, general information, minority, and community service programs. The focus of this study was to concentrate on public television programming. For a period of one week each, the programming content of two public broadcasting stations were analyzed by the type of program, e.g., childrens, public affairs, cultural/artistic, general informational/ educational and other/sports programs. The two public television stations that were selected for this study were WWNEEET-TV in New York City and KQED-TV in San Francisco. The one week time periods that were spent analyzing the programs were: the week of April 14-20, 1979 for WNET, and August 8-14, 1981 for KQED. The selection of these two stations and the two different time periods was the result of the researcher's opportunities to visit these two cities. Some of the major findings of the survey are as follows: American public television programming places great emphasis on childrens programs including "Sesame Street" and "Electric Company," ITV, and general childrens programs. Childrens programs accounted for 32.3% of the programming hours at WNET and 38.0% at KQED. Public television also gives the most priority to Sesame Street/Electric Company in its programming as both programs account for 15.5% of all program hours at WNET and 21.1% at KQED; in relation to the total number of hours for childrens programs, both programs account for 48.1% at WNET and 55.5% at KQED. The priorities of programming following children's programs were (in descending order): general informational/ educational programs (WNET 19.5%, KQED 24.7% of all broadcast hours), public affairs programs (WNET 26.3%, KQED 16.3%), cultural/artistic programs (WNET 15.1%, KQED 15.4%), entertainment programs (3.6% and 4.7% respectively), and sports programs (3.2% and 0.8%). Finally, it was found that all childrens programs were aired during daytime hours, and prime time hours are predominantly occupied by public affairs, general informational/educational, and cultural/artistic programs. It was also noted that the American public television stations air a number of minority and community service programs.

[특집논문] 언론중재제도의 기능적 결함과 개선방안

안광식 언론중재위원회 1990 言論仲裁 Vol.34 No.-

지면 (紙面) 메꾸기식의 증면 경쟁

안광식 한국언론학회 1990 저널리즘비평 Vol.3 No.1

社會 變化와 커뮤니케이션의 役割

安光植 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1980 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.36 No.-

With a growing interest in the problems of every society, social change has become a popular term. It has been used to describe changes in birth control practices, social and economic life styles of our urban ghettos and the philosophies of organized groups. An adequate working definition of social change has been explained as follows: "Social change is the process by which alteration occurs in the structure and function of a social system." In this paper, however, a term of social change will be limited to both "innovation" and "development" in relation to the role of communication. The theme of this research poses several questions: What can mass communication do and how can it help in social development? What kind of communication channel should be preferred in relation to innovation programs? What are the models in the process of the communication flow? What are the conditions and suggestions of communication effectiveness? What mass communication can do and what it can help to do seems to be that its and powerful. But this varies upon such circumstances as the media, the messages, the audiences and the nature of the intended effects. In such a contributory and indirect way the media can widen horizons, focus attention, raise aspirations, and create a climate for development. The media, in the decision process, can help indirectly to change strongly held attitudes or valued practices, feed the interpersonal channels, confer status, enforce social norms, help form tastes, affect attitudes lightly held, and slightly canalize stronger attitudes. According to the findings of the research, it seems to be that it is not very rewarding to try to identify one channel as more influential or persuasive than another. All have a role to play, and different people prefer different channel mixes. Some researchers have found that mass media are more important in making people aware of a new idea or a new technique, and that personal channels are relatively more important at the persuation function in the innovation-decision process. This tends to be true, for instance, for farmers who are thinking about adopting a new agricultural technique. But the situation is complex, and in some cases the order may be reversed. In our society, at least, it seems to be more useful to think of interpersonal communication and the mass media as interconnected and complementary channels than as unrelated and self-sufficient. In the meantme, several models of mass communication flows-hypodermic needle, two-step flow, one-step flow and multi-step flow models-have been discussed, together with the research which is related to it. It was found that most communication researchers place credence in the multi-step conceptualization of the mass communication. Perhaps the multi-step model permits a more accurate analysis of the mass communication process because it allows the researcher to account for different variables in different communication situations. In addition to the above findings, a few touchstones of effective use of communications were suggested in support of development. 1. First of all, the "media content" should be improved for effective use of innovation-development communication. There seems to be at least four types of communication distinguishable by the nature of the role relations involved: informational, affective, value-oriented and normative, Furthermore, it is suggested that the media content must be concentrated on those four types of communication. 2. The other basic requirement for effective communication in support of change is "an understanding of the culture" where change is expected to occur. It is hardly necessary to note that communication aimed at change must be understandable in terms of experience and symbol systems of the audiences. 3. There is also a need to establish, where possible, "two-way communication." There is a generally accepted principal that, wherever it is desired to bring about a change in attitudes or behavior, two-way communication, other things being equal, will be more effective than one-way. 4. "Credibility" must be an important source of media influence, When the media are credible people tend to rely heavily on them for certain types of information. It is also suggested here that credibility must be considered as one of the priority factors for effective communication. 5. Finally "self-development" is recommended as one of the directions under way in newer conceptions of development communication. Key elements in the self-development approaches were found to be participation, mass mobilization and group efficacy, with the main responsibility for development planning and execution at the local level. In conclusion of this paper, further research was suggested in such areas as communication policy and planning for development, and new communication technology-satellite broadcasting, cable television and computers, for facilitating the process of development.

한국 언론이 대통령 선거 때 유권자들에게 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

안광식 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1994 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.64 No.2-3

This research was designed to discover a basic and general trend of the mass medias influence on voting behavior in the 14th Presidential Election in Korea held on December 18, 1992. This research especially studied the difference of effect between newspapers and television in the political communication process in Korea. This study also compared several phases with the outcome of the mass media effect of the 13th Presidential Election of 1987. This research was conducted by a questionnaire survey on a nationwide scale with a sample size of about 650 voters. Samples were selected by the quota sampling method. Trained journalism students of Ewha Womans University took part in the interview survey which was conducted during the period of December 18~24, 1992, and about 600 questionnaires were collected and analyzed for this study. This study was concentrated on the following fields of voting behavior including : political information source; political interest; choice of candidate; image and issue factors; time of voting decision; channels for political opinion formation; interpersonal communication; influence of effect of television events; and channels for voting decision. The following is a brief summary of the research results concerning the mass medias influence on the above fields of voting behavior in the 14th Presidential Election : 1. It was found in the analysis that as a political information source, newspapaers (45.2%) were indicated for use a little more than television (41%). It is, however, evaluated that both media predominated as a influential effect on voters in serving as a political information source in the Presidential Election. 2. As a channel of the political opinion formation, newspapers (36.5%) were rated to be superior to television(25.6%). Interpersonal channels and books on candidates were also indicated at only 6% and 11.2% respectively. 3. As for the time for voting decision, it was found that 32.6% of the respondents made up their minds in the early days of the election process, 24.1% in the middle stage, and 43.3% in the late period. Political predisposition was found to be the most influential factor in the voting decision among the early decision while mass media, especially television, appear to have influenced, to a great extent, the late deciders. 4. It was also found as in the classical studies of political communication that the reinforcement effect was strongly in operation, coupled with political predisposition, among early deciders. Early deciders had positive interpersonal communication and late deciders showed the opposite phenomenon. 5. As a variable of the voting decision, voters preferred issue factors (such as policy, ideology and public promise) rather than image factors(like political experience, personal ability and personality). A total of 51.8% of the respondents preferred issue factors and 45.7% chose image matters. 6. The most influential factor in the voting decision was found to be the political predisposition of the voters rather than mass media or interpersonal channels. The voters political predisposition was indicated by 40.5% of the respondents, and newspapers were rated as the next influential factor with 26.4%, followed by television with 22.8%, and interpersonal channels with only 5.8%. 7. The general effect of the special "television speech" programs given by the presidential candidates turned out to be as follows : no effect, 37.1%; reinforcement effect, 34.6%; positive effect helping voters make a decision, 20.9%; and converting effect, 1.7%. 8. In having voters recognize issues of the candidate, the special TV speech programs were found to have influenced toward a positive effect (40-50%), negative effect (20-30%) and indifferent effect (30%). However, in the image-making on candidates, the special TV events were evaluated as having little influence. It was found in the analysis of the TV events that a favorable image was formed among 15-30% of voters, and those who had an unfavorable image constituted 10-30%, and those who had "neither a favorable nor unfavorable" image were around 60% of the respondents. It can be concluded that television speeches have had a positive influence in the recognition of the candidates issues, but little effect in the image-making on candidates. 9. Although not all the favorable or unfavorable image-making seemed to be directly correlated with positive or negative voting respectively, the tendency was in this analysis of image that almost all the "unfavorable", and "very unfavorable" image groups were correlated with negative votes, and most of the "very favorable" image group with positive votes, but only a part of the "favorable" image group was correlated with positive votes. Non-image-making group - "neither favorable nor unfavorable" - was found to be predominant among five classified groups, but the group seemed to be uncertain and split in the final voting. Thus, it was found in this study that image-making appears to have nothing directly to do with an actual vote. 10. Political advertising in television came into being for the first time in the 1992 Presidential Election in Korea. However, the viewing audience was lower than that of the TV speech programs, and the general effect was found to be inferior to that of the TV speeches. Television advertising was analyzed to have had little effect on voting for any one of the candidates in the 1992 Presidential Election. 11. The influence of the "Press Interview", sponsored by the Kwanhoon Journalist Club, was found to be weaker than that of the previous Presidential Election in 1987, because the interviews of major candidates were not rebroadcast later on videotape as in the 1987 election. Thus, the general effect of "Kwanhoon Debate-Interview" was found to be as follows : negative effect, 38.5%; reinforcement effect, 28.5%; positive effect, 23.8%; and converting effect, 1%.

한국 텔레비전 프로그램의 類型別 分析 考察

安光植 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1986 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.49 No.-

This study was designed to determine the trend of Korean public television content programming. In addition to the programming survey, courses of development and structure of the public broadcasting were examined in this research. Studies on the background and programming trend of public television programs were also conducted. The focus of this study was to concentrate on public television programming. For a period of one week each of spring and autumn seasons in 1982 and 1985, programming content of three VHF television channels-KBS 1 TV, KBS 2 TV and MBC TV-were analyzed by such eight types if programs as education, general information, culture/arts, public affairs, entertainment, children's, sports, and others. Some of the major findings of the survey are as follows: KBS 1TV programming places emphasis almost equally on general information, public affairs, and entertainment programs. It is, therefore, called "the overall channel". It was fond, however, that 1 TV still has a problem of emphasizing entertainment programs during the prime time hours. KBS 2 TV programming was analyzed to be dominated by the entertainment types of programs. It comes to the conclusion that as 2TV contents are predominantly occupied by commercially oriented programs, it should be called "the entertainment channel". Since MBC TV programming is known to be based on commercialism, it is natural that MTV places emphasis on entertainment programs. However, because MBC TV is partially owned by the public broadcasting system, MTV channel has to air, to a certain extent, a sort of general information, culture/arts, and public affairs programs in addition to entertainment ones.