Hydrophobic 코팅이 에어포일 결빙에 미치는 효과에 대한 실험적 연구

안건,장대익,배경훈,이원태,오승욱,박재현,이학진,명노신 한국항공우주학회 2024 한국항공우주학회지 Vol.52 No.11

비행 중 심각한 문제를 일으킬 수 있는 항공기 결빙을 방지하기 위해 결빙 보호장치(IPS; Ice Protection Systems)를 사용한다. 그러나 많은 항공기에서 채택하고 있는 Bleed Air를 사용한 IPS는 소형 항공기나 전기 추진 기반의 항공기에는 적용하기 어렵다. 전기열(Electrothermal) 방식의 IPS는 Bleed Air를 사용한IPS를 대체할 수 있지만, 전력 소비는 전기 추진 기반의 항공기와 무인기의 임무에 부정적인 영향을 미칠수 있다. 따라서 전력 소모가 없거나 전력 소모를 줄일 수 있는 수동적 결빙 보호장치의 개발이 필요하다. 수동적 결빙 보호장치의 한 종류로 소수성(Hydrophobic) 특성을 갖는 방식을 고려할 수 있다. 소수성 표면방식은 그 자체로는 전력을 소모하지 않고 중량이 증가하지 않는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SiO2 코팅을통해 소수성을 구현한 복합재 표면에서의 결빙 증식을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 10분간 결빙 환경에 노출시킨 결과, 최종적인 결빙 두께에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하였으나, 초기 75초간 결빙 형성을 지연하는효과를 확인하였다. Ice protection systems (IPS) are used to prevent aircraft from icing that can cause serious problems during flight. However, IPS using bleed air, which is adopted by many aircraft, is difficult to apply to small-size aircraft or electric propulsion-based aircraft. Electrothermal IPS can replace IPS using bleed air, but its power consumption can negatively affect the missions of electric propulsion-based aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a passive icing protection system that has no power consumption or can reduce power consumption. As a type of passive IPS, a surface with hydrophobic characteristics can be used. The hydrophobic surfaces has the advantage of consuming no power and minimizing weight penalties. In this study, ice accretion on the surface of a composite material that achieved hydrophobicity through SiO2 coating was experimentally investigated. In the case of exposure to the icing environment for 10 minutes, the final ice thickness was not significantly affected, but the ice delay for the initial 75 seconds was observed.

설계평가를 통한 도시소공원의 설계기준에 관한 연구

안건용,김귀곤,임승빈 ( Kun Yong Ahn,Kwi Gon Kim,Seung Bin Im ) 한국산림과학회 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.68 No.1

Users` satisfaction and behavior at five mini parks in the central area of Seoul City were investigated under the encironmental design evaluation framework. The major findings are as follows; 1) The major user group is a student group with the ages ranging from 15 to 24. 2) Half of the users spend 20 to 60 minutes in these parks. 3) According to the multiple regression analysis, the variables related to the satisfaction in daytime are noise level, sunshine, plants, crowding, and surface slope, where those in nighttime are quality of surrounding buildings, turf area, lighting, shade, and sculpture or fountain. 4) According to the free response, the basic needs inmini parks are shade for rest and such amenity facilities as bench, trash basket, and drinking fountain. In addition to these basic needs, users prefer such visually pleasing objects as sculpture and fountain

비변호사 중재인 활용의 문제점과 개선방안

안건형 한국중재학회 2015 중재연구 Vol.25 No.1

변호사법 제109조는 비변호사가 유상으로 감정·대리·중재·화해·청탁·법률상담 또는 법률 관련 문서의 작성, 그 밖의 법률사무를 취급하거나 이러한 행위의 알선을 금지하는 형사처벌 규정을 두고 있다. 그렇다면 우리나라에서 변호사 자격이 없는 비변호사는 중재인으로서의 자격이 없는 것인지 문제될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 변호사법 제109조 및 중재인의 자격에 관한 판례 및 선행연구를 살펴보고, 우리나라의 관련 법률과 해외 주요 33개국의 중재법 등 관련 법률 내에 규정되어 있는지 비교·검토하였다. 나아가 대한상사중재원에 2012년 접수된 360개의 중재사건에 대한 통계 분석을 통하여 실제 비변호사 중재인 선정 현황이 어떤지 파악해 보았다. 마지막으로, 이러한 조사를 통해 우리나라에서 비변호사 전문가가 중재인으로 활동하는데 있어 문제될 수 있는 변호사법과 중재법의 개정 방안에 대해 제언하고 있다.

白松(天然記念物 第4號) 實生苗의 雜種性

安建鏞 서울대학교 농과대학 농업개발연구소 1994 서울대농학연구지 Vol.19 No.1

本 硏究는 天然記念物 第4號 白松의 實生苗에 대한 純粹性을 針葉의 解剖學的 特性中 特히 樹脂道의 位置와 維管束의 數를 調査 檢定한 結果로서 關聯分野 硏究의 素材提供을 위해서는 勿論 今後計劃的 植栽의 貢獻興否를 觀察하였다. 1. 樹脂道의 位置에 있어서는 天然記念物 第4號 白松의 實生苗 1,2,3號는 中位가 14.4∼27.2%로 리기다소나무의 中位의 形質을 받았다고 볼수 있었다. 2. 維管束의 數에 있어서는 白松의 實生苗 모두가 同一하게 1個束으로 되어 있어 種子母樹의 形質을 이어 받았다고 볼수 있었다. 3. 樹脂道의 位置로 보아 天然記念物 第4號의 實生苗들은 風媒受粉네 의한 素材提供은 勿論 今後 計劃的 植栽에 있어서 再考되어야 할것으로 檢定되었다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the hybridity and relationship of tasonomic affinity for the seedlings of Pinus bungeana(Natural monument No.4) within Sub-genus Diploxylon of Genus pinus. The possibility for providing research materials and planned planting in the future have also been investigated. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. With regard to the anatomical characteristics in the transverse section of needle, the resin canals are medial, 14-27% in number of the seedlings on natural monuments No.4 as affected by the character of Pinus rigida. 2. With regard to the anatomical characteristics in the transverse section of needle, the number of fibrovascular bundles are single of the seedlings on natural monument No. 4 as affected by the character of the seed tree. 3. Judging from the distribution of resin canals, the seedlings on natural monument No. 4 can be seen as hybridization produced by wind pollination. Therefore, it is suggested that the use of these seedlings be reconsidered for providing research materials and planned planting in the future.

OECD 다국적기업 가이드라인의 국제적 동향과 시사점

안건형(Keon-Hyung Ahn) 한국무역학회 2017 무역학회지 Vol.42 No.4

OECD MNE Guidelines (‘OECD Guidelines’) was set forth in 1976 as a form of annex to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. The objective of the OECD Guidelines is to fulfill the implementation and adoption of the Responsible Business Conduct (‘RBC’) among the adhering states. To further the effectiveness of the OECD Guidelines, OECD, specifically the Investment Committee of OECD, has utilized National Contact Point (‘NCP’) structure. According to the Procedural Guidance annexed to the OECD Guidelines, peer learning is prescribed as an important tool for promoting and facilitating the implementation procedures of the OECD Guidelines. This paper, inter alia, is mainly focusing on the peer review mechanism applicable to NCPs because negative assessments by peers are likely to harm Korea’s state image and entail international criticisms even though such reviews are conducted voluntarily. In addition, the Working Party on Responsible Business Conduct (‘WPRBC’) decided to have a peer review of Korean NCP in 2019. This paper first outlines the meaning and current applications of the peer review mechanism, and then analyzes specific peer review cases conducted in Denmark and Belgium in 2015, and in 2016, respectively. Lastly, based on the issues handled in the peer review reports on the above states, this paper makes a few recommendations for Korean government to prepare the peer review scheduled in 2019.

地域住民參與에 의한 都市公園 管理方案에 관한 硏究 : 서울市 5個 都市公園을 對象으로

安建鏞,金成珍 서울대학교 농과대학 농업개발연구소 1992 서울대농학연구지 Vol.17 No.1

서울市는 都市公園의 面種이 不足하여, 새로운 公園用地의 確報조 매우 어려운 實情이다. 따라서 서울市 都市公園行政은 현재 施設化 되어 利用되고 있는 公園을 合理的으로 運營하고 管理하여 利用者의 레크레이션 經驗의 質을 높여줄 수 있는 管理方案의 講究가 시급한 과제라고 생각된다. 그러나 현재 서울市는 公園面積의 增加에 반해 管理體制의 整備가 遲延되어 公園의 管理가 形式的이고 消極的으로 進行되고 있다. 管理體制의 改善을 위해서는 公園管理者 및 地域住民, 利用者의 管理에 대한 認識의 轉換과 住民의 參與가 필수적인 요소로서 파악되고 있다. 本 硏究는 서울시의 都市公園을 直接 管理하고 있는 公園管理者 22人과 標出에 의해 선정된 5個 都市公園의 誘置圈內에 居住한는 住民 232人을 對象으로 서울市의 都市公園 管理實態를 把握하고, 管理에 대한 住民意識과 參與意識을 分析항여 管理의 效率化와 利用의 生活化를 도모 할 수 있는 方案으로서 評價되는 地域住民에 의한 都市公園 管理方案을 提案하는데 目的을 두었으며, 結果는 다음과 같다. (1) 서울市의 都市公園管理는 一般 行政의 一環으로 취급되고 있으며, 管理의 目標와 重點的인 管理業務가 公園施設의 維持管理에 초점이 맞추어지고 있기 때문에 利用者의 管理需要에 能動的으로 대처하고 있지 못하다. 都市公園管理에 대해 地域住民이 不滿足하는 事項은 維持管理에 관한 事項이 大部分을 차지하고 있다. 그리고 管理人力과 豫算이 매우 부족하며 利用者의 意識水準이 낮고, 破壞行爲가 빈번하게 발생하고 있어 管理上에 많은 問題가 累積되고 있는 實情이므로 都市公園이 그 機能을 제대로 수행하지 못하는 원인이 되고 있다. (2) 住民과 公園管理者 모두 동일하게 都市公園管理의 責任은 住民과 公園利用者에게 있는 것으로 認識하고 있으며, 公園管理에 대해 建議나 參與한 經驗은 公園管理行政의 硬直性과 造成爲主의 公園政策으로 말미암아 저조한 것으로 分析되었다. 地域住民이 都市公園管理에 參與하고자 하는 參與意志는 높게 분석되었으며, 여자보다 남자가, 연령이 증가할 수록, 利用頻度가 높을수록 참여의지는 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 建議經驗과 參與經驗이 있는 住民의 參與意志가 더욱 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 都市公園管理에대한 地域住民의 관심을 높일 수 있도록 綠化行事 等을 開催하는 것이 필요하다. 그리고 建議經驗과 參與經驗이 확대될수록 參與意志는 높아질 것으로 기대되므로 住民이 쉽게 管理에 대해 建議할 수 있고 參與할 수 있도록 그 통로를 확대하는 것이 필요하다. 또한, 公園管理廳의 硬直性을 脫皮하고, 公園管理에 대한 認識이 '管理 즉 統制'에서 '管理 즉 奉仕'로 轉換하는 것이 필요하다. (3) 地域住民의 參與方法에 있어서 老人會, 早期會 等 기존의 住民團體에 委託管理하는 方法보다 새로운 公園管理團體를 結成하는 方法이 더욱 선호되고 있다. 住民의 參與方法에 대해서 公園과 公園類型間 獨立的인 것으로 검증되었으며, 參與意志가 높을수록 새로운 公園管理團體를 結成하는 方法을 選好하고 있다. 따라서 住民參與制를 보다 積極的으로 施行하기 위하여 새로운 公園管理團體를 結成하는 方法이 필요하다고 생각된다. 住民이 遂行할수 있는 管理業務로는 公園의 淸掃, 禁止行爲와 危險行爲의 注意, 어린이의 놀이지도, 公園管理에 대한 提案 等으로서 비교적 專門的 知識이 필요하지 않는 業務가 적합한 것으로 分析되었으며, 병충해 방제, 공원재산의 관리, 관리계획의 作成 等 專門的 技術을 要하는 業務는 技術講習을 한 後나 住民에 의한 管理가 成 한 以後에 實施하는 것이 바람직하다. 住民이 公園을 管理할 경우 필요한 財源은 서울市가 負擔하고, 管理團體를 통해 住民이 共同으로 補助하는 方案이 바람직한 것으로 分析되었고, 그 外에 희망하는 住民이나 地域內 企業의 寄附를 받는 方案의 講究가 必要한 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study is to suggest the method for the neighborhood to manage urban parks, with surveying the real state of urban parks management of Seoul and analysing the awareness and the preference for the community participation of the sampled managers and residents. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The urban parks management in Seoul is dealt with as a part of the general administration and is concenetrated to maintain park's facilities, and to restrain users' various behabiors. As a result, it follows that user' needs for management fail to be completely satisfied. And the accumulated problems such as vandalisms, manpower problems, budgetary deficits prevent urban parks from playing their innate roles. 2. The residents perceived urban parks management depends upon themselves, but have seldom memorialised the Government, participated in managements of the neighboring park. But the majority of them wish voluntarily to take part in the urban parks management. It seems to be needed to arouse the residents to interest in management by holding events such as A Tree-Planting Campaign, to encourage them to propose and participate in management with ease by opening the administrative processes, because the interested, the experienced is willing to take part in all the more. 3. The neighborhood prefer to organize anew the corps for the management of the neighboring park rather than commit to the existed local groups such as the senior citizen association and so forth. The appropriate works for the residents are proven to be the task uncalled for professional skills such as cleaning, cautioning prohibited and dangerous behabiors, coaching children's play, and providing informations of management and maintenance etc., and it seems that the fund should be burdened to Seoul city and is subsidized by the neighborhood cooperatively.

靑少年 活動樣式分析을 通한 靑少年野營場施設의 改善方安에 關한 硏究

安建鏞,金南椿 서을大學校 農科大學 1983 서울대농학연구지 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to find the neccessary information of organic relations among the juvenile activity pattern, campsite and activity program for the purpose of developing the improvement measures of campsite planing and design. The data of this study were gathered from a sample questionary survey and sites of this study were Chunma Mt. Youth Camp, YMCA Youth Camp and UNESCO Youth Center. In the method of analysis of data the scale of five stage was used for finding out the relation between the effectiveness of campsite and the satisfaction of total experience. Also, collelation analysis were used for finding out rlations between two variables. The other methods of data analysis were frequency, percentage, chi²test, and discriminant analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. Juvenile spend vacation and leisure time on passive activity such as visiting his relatives and friends. 2. Youth Camp can contribute to spend sound leisure time and to enhance youngmen's sociality by means of providing opportunity of participating outdoor group actitity. 3. The most important motive of participation in camp program was to experience group activity, and to enlarge individual knowledge and culture. And the degree of satisfaction with camp facilities have significant influence to the satisfaction of motive after participating the outdoor group activity. 4. The cleanliness of campsite is the most important factor among the campsite effectivenes measures. 5. It is result by the correlation analysis that the cleanliness and condition of equipment and helpfulness and kindness of staffs have relatively high effect to the degree of satisfaction with camp facilities. 6. The state of cleanliness and condition of equipment and amount of space have high relations to the degree of satisfaction with total experience. 7. The preference pattern of recreation program in each site as follows. site(Ⅰ) : social recreation program site(Ⅱ) : environment-related recreation program site(Ⅲ) : physical recreation program 8. The most suitable unit of small group activities turned out 9 prsons and in camping activity 5 person.

Confidentiality and the Riddick Principle in International Commercial Arbitration

안건형(Keon-Hyung Ahn) 한국중재학회 2021 중재연구 Vol.31 No.3

이 논문은 국제상사중재의 보통법 관할권에서 비롯된 리딕 원칙을 포함하여 기밀유지 의무와 예외사항에 관한 국제법규에 대한 포괄적인 비교 검토를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 본고에서는 관련 판례를 비롯한 주요 국가별 중재법과 최근의 대표적인 기관 중재규칙들을 살펴보고 이를 비교분석하였다. 국제상사중재에서 증거개시의 사용이 증가하고 있고 대륙법계 국가의 당사자와 실무자가 Riddick 원칙의 개념과 법원에 대한 묵시적인 약속에 익숙하지 않다는 사실을 고려하여 이 논문에서는 Riddick 원칙의 개념과 관련 최근 판례들을 소개하고 있다. 마지막으로, 본 논문은 기밀유지 의무 위반에 대한 제재 등 기밀유지에 관한 규칙들을 새롭게 도입함으로써 국제상사중재의 비밀유지 준수를 강화하기 위한 몇 가지 제안을 하고자 한다. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive review of the international rules of law on the obligations of confidentiality and its exceptions in international commercial arbitration, including the Riddick principle stemming from the common law jurisdiction. To this end, this article examines and analyzes developed countries’ arbitration legislation including relevant case laws and the most recent leading institutional rules. Given the fact that the increasing use of discovery in international commercial arbitration and that the parties and practitioners in civil law countries are not familiar with the concept of the Riddick principle and its implied undertaking to a court, this article introduces the concept of the Riddick principle with some analysis for the recent case laws. Finally, this paper makes some suggestions to strengthen the compliance of confidentiality in international commercial arbitration by introducing new rules on confidentiality, inter alia, sanctions for breaching of the obligations of confidentiality.

×PINUS RIGIRADIATA의 交配親和力과 特性에 關한 硏究

安建鏞 서울대학교 1966 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

This experiment was conducted to investigate the percentage of fertile seed in terms of crossability and relationship of taxonomic affinity for the xP. rigiradiata of interspecific hybrid within Sub-genus Diploxylon of Genus Pinus. The possibility of establishment of hybrid seed orchard and differentia of hybrids for the purpose of extensive program of reforestation in the future have also been investigated. the experimental results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Since the percentage of sound (fertile) seed of xP. rigiradiata that is a F_1 hybrid between seed tree P. rigida and pllen tree P. radiata was relatively high, it would be apparent that the crossability of both trees is high and closely related. 2. The growth rate (i.e., stem height, diameter at stem base and volume) of xP. rigiradiata has shown to be slow and has indicated that xP. rigiradiata would be more closely related to the P. rigida. 3. In the anatomical characteristics, the position of fibrovascular bundle of xP. rigiradiata was close together as seen by P. radiata and the position of resin canal was medium as affected by the character of P. rigida. 4. The cold hardness of xP. rigiradiata was distinctively better than P. radiata. From this it is concluded that the cold hardness of xP. rigiradiata has been affected by the P. rigida. 5. In the conclusion xP. rigiradiata would not be a usable tree for the use in reforestation purpose, since growth rate of this tree is no better than P. rigida. However, further study will have to be made to obtain detailed data on this subject.

제주도 애월읍 해안의 염기성 용암류에 발달한 동심원 구조와 방사상 절리

안건상,Ahn, Kun Sang 한국지구과학회 2021 한국지구과학회지 Vol.42 No.2

A lava dome and sheet lava flow can be observed at the seashore of Aewol, Jeju island. The cylindrical lobes are characterized by a concentric structure consisting of a massive core and radial joints. Columnar joints with different thickness between the upper and lower parts are developed in the sheet lava flow around the rock salt field in Goeomri. The upper part of the columnar joints is uneven in shape, and has a diameter of 120-150 cm. The lower part of the columnar joints is hexagonal and pentagonal in shape, and has a diameter of about 60 cm. The cylindrical lobes can be divided into two groups based on size and shape. One is a megalobe, with a semicircular outline and a maximum diameter of 30 m. The other is a circular lobe with a diameter of less than 10 m. The columns in the radial joints have hexagonal and pentagonal cross sections and gradually increasing diameter, outward from the core, to a size of 80-120 cm at the rim. The concentric structure observed in the cylindrical lavas is attributable to a combination of four factors. The first is a circular crack caused by the decrease of the temperature and density difference between the inside and outside of the cylindrical lava flow. The second is a concentric chisel mark of the radial joints, which formed at the same time as the radial joints. The third is a flow band, which is a trace left in a round passage when lava flows through. The fourth is a vesicular band formed in a cave by gas bubbles escaping from the lava flow.