교수·학습 전략과 관련한 과학과 연구 동향 분석 연구

심지성,변태진 충북대학교 교육개발연구소 2023 한국교육논총 Vol.44 No.1

This study identified the status of research related to science teaching and learning strategies and drew implications that can be applied to field of science education. To this end, research trends related to science teaching and learning strategies published in the Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education, the Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education, and School Science Journal were analyzed. Among the 1477 papers published in three journals from 2012 to 2021, 206 papers were initially selected through keyword searches related to science, teaching and learning strategies. After analyzing the titles, abstracts, and keywords of the first classified papers, 152 papers were finally selected as study subjects, excluding papers that were not related to this study. According to the purpose of this study, the final research papers were analyzed and coded by scientific field, research topic, research method, and research subject. When analyzed by scientific field, the majority of studies were in the convergence of two or more fields, and biology and earth science were dealt with a lot, if limited to traditional classification. According to research topic, studies that analyzed cases and derived implications were the most common, followed by studies that developed teaching and learning strategies and applyed them to the field. Survey were the most frequently used research method. Most of the research participants were elementary school students, and middle school and high school students showed similar rates. The cross-analysis between each classification criterion, found that there is a significant correlation between the scientific field and the research topic. The research method and the participant also showed a great correlation, and a great correlation could be found between the research topic and the research method. 본 연구는 과학과 교수·학습 전략 관련 연구의 현황을 파악하고 과학교육 현장에 적용할 수 있는 시사점을 도출하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 과학교육 관련 학술지 중 초등과학교육, 한국과학교육학회지, 현장과학교육에 게재된 과학과 교수·학습 전략 관련 연구 동향을 분석하였다. 2012년부터 2021년까지 세 학술지에 게재된 1,477편의 논문 중, 과학과 교수·학습 전략과 관련된 키워드 검색을 통해 1차로 206편을 선정했다. 1차 분류된 논문의 제목·초록·키워드 등을 분석하여, 본 연구와 관련성이 떨어지는 논문을 제외하고 최종적으로 152편을 연구 대상으로 선정했다. 이 연구의 목적에 따라 본 연구에서는 최종 연구 대상 논문을 과학 분야별, 연구 주제별, 연구 방법별, 연구 대상별로 나누어 분석하고 코딩했다. 과학 분야별로 분석했을 땐 두 가지 이상의 분야가 융합된 연구가 가장 많았으며, 전통적 분류에 한정하면 생물과 지구과학이 많이 다뤄졌다. 연구 주제별로는 사례를 분석하고 시사점을 도출하는 형태의 연구가 가장 많이 차지했으며, 교수·학습 전략을 개발하고 현장에 적용하는 연구가 그 뒤를 이었다. 연구 방법으로는 조사연구가 가장 많이 사용되었다. 연구 대상은 초등학생을 대상으로 한 연구가 가장 많았으며, 중학생과 고등학생은 서로 비슷한 비율을 보였다. 각 분류 기준간 교차분석 결과, 과학 분야와 연구 주제가 상당한 연관성이 있음이 나타났다. 연구 방법과 연구 대상도 서로 큰 연관성을 나타냈으며, 연구 주제와 연구 방법 사이에도 큰 연관성을 찾을 수 있었다.

Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Atherosclerosis-induced Chronic Pelvic Ischemia

심지성,김대희,배재현,문두건 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.4

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the omega-3 fatty acids help to improve erectile function in an atherosclerosis-induced erectile dysfunction rat model. A total of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats at age 8 weeks were divided into three groups: Control group (n = 6, untreated sham operated rats), Pathologic group (n = 7, untreated rats with chronic pelvic ischemia [CPI]), and Treatment group (n = 7, CPI rats treated with omega-3 fatty acids). For the in vivo study, electrical stimulation of the cavernosal nerve was performed and erectile function was measured in all groups. Immunohistochemical antibody staining was performed for transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α). In vivo measurement of erectile function in the Pathologic group showed significantly lower values than those in the Control group, whereas the Treatment group showed significantly improved values in comparison with those in the Pathologic group. The results of western blot analysis revealed that systemically administered omega-3 fatty acids ameliorated the cavernosal molecular environment. Our study suggests that omega-3 fatty acids improve intracavernosal pressure and have a beneficial role against pathophysiological consequences such as fibrosis or hypoxic damage on a CPI rat model, which represents a structural erectile dysfunction model.

Efficacy of Hydrodistention Implantation Technique in Treating High-Grade Vesicoureteral Reflux

심지성,김진욱,오미미,문두건 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.3

Purpose: In the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux, the relatively high rate of success, the simplicity of the procedure, high patient compliance, and a lack of complications has led to the increased development of injection materials and techniques. We report a method of identifying and maintaining a clear visual field during ureteral and bladder submucosal wall injection of a dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux, Oceana, Therapeutics Inc.) by use of the hydrodistention implantation technique (HIT) with the aid of temporary ureteral catheter insertion. Materials and Methods: We prospectively reviewed patients with grade IV or V reflux who received an endoscopic injection of Deflux. Reflux grade was evaluated before and after treatment (3 months) by use of voiding cystourethrograms. Conventional sub-trigonal injection (STING) was performed with injection of Deflux underneath the bladder mucosa at the 6 o’clock position. HIT was performed either with hydrodistention or with guidewire insertion. These techniques increase visualization of the intramural portion of the distal ureteral wall. Patients with treatment failures were offered reinjection up to three times. Results: Sixty-three patients completed endoscopic injection and follow-up of 3 months. The overall resolution rate for conventional STING was 58%, i.e., 67% for grade IV and 43% for grade V. The overall resolution rate for HIT was 80%, i.e., 93% for grade IV and 66% for grade V. The modified methods showed higher resolution rates for overall cure owing to the success in patients with grade IV reflux (p=0.026). Although the success of grade V treatment was higher with the modified method, the success rate was not statistically significant (p=0.27). Conclusions: HIT with the use of either hydrodistention or a guidewire to aid in visualization of the intramural portion of the distal ureter is an effective treatment for high-grade vesico-ureteral reflux. Purpose: In the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux, the relatively high rate of success, the simplicity of the procedure, high patient compliance, and a lack of complications has led to the increased development of injection materials and techniques. We report a method of identifying and maintaining a clear visual field during ureteral and bladder submucosal wall injection of a dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux, Oceana, Therapeutics Inc.) by use of the hydrodistention implantation technique (HIT) with the aid of temporary ureteral catheter insertion. Materials and Methods: We prospectively reviewed patients with grade IV or V reflux who received an endoscopic injection of Deflux. Reflux grade was evaluated before and after treatment (3 months) by use of voiding cystourethrograms. Conventional sub-trigonal injection (STING) was performed with injection of Deflux underneath the bladder mucosa at the 6 o’clock position. HIT was performed either with hydrodistention or with guidewire insertion. These techniques increase visualization of the intramural portion of the distal ureteral wall. Patients with treatment failures were offered reinjection up to three times. Results: Sixty-three patients completed endoscopic injection and follow-up of 3 months. The overall resolution rate for conventional STING was 58%, i.e., 67% for grade IV and 43% for grade V. The overall resolution rate for HIT was 80%, i.e., 93% for grade IV and 66% for grade V. The modified methods showed higher resolution rates for overall cure owing to the success in patients with grade IV reflux (p=0.026). Although the success of grade V treatment was higher with the modified method, the success rate was not statistically significant (p=0.27). Conclusions: HIT with the use of either hydrodistention or a guidewire to aid in visualization of the intramural portion of the distal ureter is an effective treatment for high-grade vesico-ureteral reflux.

The clinical significance of a second transurethral resection for T1 high-grade bladder cancer: Results of a prospective study

심지성,최훈,노태일,태종현,윤성구,강석호,배재현,박홍석,박재영 대한비뇨의학회 2015 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.56 No.6

Purpose: This study was designed to estimate the value of a second transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) procedure inpatients with initially diagnosed T1 high-grade bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: Between August 2009 and January 2013, a total of 29 patients with T1 high-grade bladder cancer prospectivelyunderwent a second TURBT procedure. Evaluation included the presence of previously undetected residual tumor,changes to histopathological staging or grading, and tumor location. Recurrence-free and progression-free survival curves weregenerated to compare the prognosis between the groups with and without residual lesions by use of the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of 29 patients, 22 patients (75.9%) had residual disease after the second TURBT. Staging was as follows: no tumor, 7 (24.1%);Ta, 5 (17.2%); T1, 6 (20.7%); Tis, 6 (20.7%); Ta+Tis, 1 (3.4%); T1+Tis, 1 (3.4%); and ≥T2, 3 (10.3%). The muscle layer was included inthe surgical specimen after the initial TURBT in 24 patients (82.7%). In three patients whose cancer was upstaged to pT2 after thesecond TURBT, the initial surgical specimen contained the muscle layer. In the group with residual lesions, the 3-year recurrencefreesurvival and 3-year progression-free survival rates were 50% and 66.9%, respectively, whereas these rates were 68.6% and68.6%, respectively, in the group without residual lesions. This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Initial TURBT does not seem to be enough to control T1 high-grade bladder cancer. Therefore, a routine secondTURBT procedure should be recommended in patients with T1 high-grade bladder cancer to accomplish adequate tumor resectionand to identify patients who may need to undergo prompt cystectomy.

Anterior Urethrectomy for Primary Carcinoma of the Female Urethra Mimicking a Urethral Caruncle

심지성,오미미,이정구,배재현 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2013 International Neurourology Journal Vol.17 No.4

Here we report a case of primary carcinoma of the female urethra. A 52-year-old woman presented with a palpable urethral mass associated with intermittent pain that she first experienced a few months prior. Clinical examination showed a urethral mass that appeared to be a caruncle; therefore, simple carunclectomy was performed. However, on histological examination, the mass was revealed to be a squamous cell carcinoma; therefore, anterior urethrectomy was performed. During a 4-year follow-up period, the patient has been well with no dysuria, dyspareunia, or incontinence.

Differences in Prostate Cancer between Korean Patients, the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer/Rotterdam Group, and a Dutch Clinical Cohort

심지성,김재헌,최훈,배재현,박홍석,문두건,천준,박재영 대한비뇨기종양학회 2016 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: We evaluated differences in biopsy-detected prostate cancer (PC) between a newly defined Korean clinical cohort (KCC) and two Western populations. Materials and Methods: The records of 723 Korean men aged 55 to 75 years who underwent an initial transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy from 2004 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Prostate biopsies were performed due to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels greater than 4.0ng/ml, or suspicious findings on rectal examination or transrectal ultrasonography. Characteristics of PC were compared between the KCC and Western groups (the Rotterdam group of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer: ERSPC and Dutch Clinical Cohort: DCC). Results: The cancer detection rate was 26.4% (191/723) in the KCC, 20.9% (473/2268) in the ERSPC/Rotterdam group and 43.1% (138/320) in the DCC. The median PSA in patients with PC was 11.8ng/ml, 5.7ng/ml and 7.5ng/ml in the KCC, ERSPC/Rotterdam group, and DCC, respectively. The proportion of patients with a Gleason score of 7 or more was 57.1% (109/191) in the KCC, 37.5% (174/464) in the ERSPC/Rotterdam group and 37.0% (51/138) in the DCC. Conclusions: We found large differences in cancer detection rate, PSA, and Gleason score distribution between the KCC and Western cohorts. PC detected in Korean patients had more advanced clinical factors than in Western populations due to low availability of PSA screening programs.

비중격에 발생한 호흡상피성 선종모양 과오종 1예

심지성,박원일,김종양,조주은 대한이비인후과학회 부산,울산,경남 지부회 2014 임상이비인후과 Vol.25 No.2

Hamartoma is non-neoplastic malformation of tissue characterized by an abnormal mixture of tissues. It can occur in any area of the body, especially in the lung, kidney, and intestine. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is an uncommon lesion in nasal cavity. It is important to differentiate REAH from other neoplasm, including adenocarcinoma and inverted papilloma because misdiagnosis can lead to aggressive surgery. We report a case of REAH in nasal septum diagnosed on histopathology.

Oncologic Outcomes and Predictive Factors for Recurrence Following Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy for Urothelial Carcinoma: Multicenter Study from Korea

심지성,권태균,나군호,이영구,이지열,정병창,김재윤,편종현,강성구,강석호 대한의학회 2017 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.32 No.10

The aim of our study was to evaluate intermediate-term oncologic outcomes, predictive factors for recurrence, and recurrence patterns in a multicenter series of patients treated with robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) for urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder. Between 2007 and 2015, 346 patients underwent RARC at multiple tertiary referral centers in Korea. Descriptive statistics were used for demographics and perioperative variables. Survival and recurrence were estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of recurrence. Median follow-up was 33 months (interquartile range [IQR], 7–50). The numbers of patients with organ-confined and lymph node (LN)-positive disease were 237 (68.4%) and 68 (19.7%), respectively. LN density (1–20 vs. > 20) was 13.6% and 6.1%, with a median of 17 nodes removed (IQR, 9–23). In logistic regression analysis, type of LN dissection, and pathologic tumor stage were significant predictors of cancer recurrence and death from cancer. Local, distal recurrence and secondary UC occurred in 7 (2.0%), 53 (15.3%), and 4 (1.2%) patients, respectively. The 5-year overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were 78%, 84%, and 73%, respectively. At last follow-up, RFS for extended pelvic LN dissection vs. standard pelvic LN dissection was 70% and 47% (P = 0.038). In addition, at last follow-up, LN density (0 vs. 1–20 vs. over 20) was 67%, 41%, and 29%, respectively (P < 0.001). Patients undergoing RARC in this multi-institutional cohort demonstrated intermediate-term oncologic outcomes, predictive factors for recurrence, and recurrence patterns that were not unusual.

Oncologic, Perioperative Outcomes of Female Radical Cystectomy: Results from a Multicenter Study in Korea

심지성,서호경,구자현,정병창,홍범식,강석호 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.3

Purpose The lower incidence of bladder cancer among women has led to a lack of information on female radical cystectomy (RC). This study aimed to analyze the characteristics related with female RC in a cohort from multiple academic institutions. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective review of 384 female patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer. Epidemiologic, perioperative variables including urologic referral period with consequent pathologic stage distributions were assessed. The changes in surgical techniques over time were illustrated. Also, we evaluated recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 2 and 5 years and overall survival (OS) at 5 years with stage-specific analyses using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The mean follow-up time was 35 months (interquartile rage [IQR], 9 to 55). The average time to urologic referral with initial symptoms was 5.5 (IQR, 1 to 6) months and over 20% of patients visited clinics after 6 months. In subsequent stage distributions according to referral period, T2 or higher stage distributions were abruptly increased after 1 year. Overall 2-year/5-year RFS rates were 0.72/0.57 and 5-year OS was 0.61. Notable surgical descriptions were as follows: 91% of patients underwent open RC; 80% of patients underwent an ileal conduit; and 83% of patients received anterior exenteration. However, the proportions of robotic surgery, orthotopic neobladder and organ sparing cystectomy have increased recently. Conclusion We identified the general characteristics and changes in pattern of female RC. Our results also suggest that women are susceptible to delays in referral to an urologist and are at greater risk for worse prognosis.

Updates of Overactive Bladder in Pediatrics

심지성,오미미 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2023 International Neurourology Journal Vol.27 No.1

Overactive bladder (OAB) is clinically defined as urinary urgency with or without urinary incontinence. It is associated with daytime frequency or constipation and has a prevalence of approximately 5%–12% among 5- to 10-year-olds. The appropriate functional exchange between the pontine micturition center, periaqueductal gray matter, and prefrontal cortex is important for proper micturition control. Several studies on pediatric cases observed a link between OAB and neuropsychiatric problems, such as anxiety, depression, and attention deficit, and treatment of these comorbidities improved patient symptoms. In this review, we present the pathophysiology of OAB, its associated conditions, and aspects related to updates in OAB treatment, and we propose a step-by-step treatment approach following this sequence: behavioral therapy, medical treatment, and invasive treatment. Although anticholinergic drugs are the mainstay of OAB medical treatment, beta-3 agonists and alphablockers are now recommended as a result of significant advancements in pharmacologic treatment in the last 10 years. Electrical stimulation techniques and botulinum toxin are also effective and can be used, especially in conventional treatment-refractory cases.