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통영-거제해역 수하연 양식 참굴(Crassostrea gigas)의 비만도 장기변화와 영향 요인 고찰
심정희 ( Jeonghee Shim ),이상준 ( Sang Jun Lee ),구준호 ( Jun-ho Koo ),정래홍 ( Rae Hong Jeong ) 한국수산과학회 2021 한국수산과학회지 Vol.54 No.4
The decrease in fatness of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, which consequently results in decrease in the profit of aquaculture industry, has become a source of serious concern in southeast coast of Korea. The ratio of flesh (edible portion) to total oyster weight, commonly called edible portion yield (“suyul” in Korean), have been used as a fatness index for the healthy and valuable state of oyster from the early stage of oyster farming in Korea. More than 360 data sets were collected from early culturing periods (in the 1970s) to the present from approximately 15 published literatures to evaluate the long-term fatness trend of oyster, reared particularly in submerged longline culturing system in Gyeongsangnam-do province. Slight decrease in oyster fatness during the 1970s to 1990s was detected in Tongyeong and Geoje Bays; however, from the 1990s to the present, clear decreasing trends were observed with a decrease of 0.04-0.08% year<sup>-1</sup>, especially during harvest season. Oyster mass production per unit area almost doubled within a short period in the early 2000s; however, changes in coastal environment factors inhibited the fattening of shellfish from the mid 1990s. These results indicate that the severe competition in feeding and low biological production in water column might be some convincing reasons for the decrease in fatness of oyster from the 1990s, in Tongyeong and Geoje Bays, Korea.
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이용화,심정희,최양호,김상우,심정민,Lee, Yong-Hwa,Shim, JeongHee,Choi, Yang-ho,Kim, Sang-Woo,Shim, Jeong-Min 해양환경안전학회 2016 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.22 No.6
경상북도 구룡포 해역에서 하계 냉수 발생 특성과 어류 폐사를 유발하는 냉수대 강도를 파악하고자 2007년 8~11월 멍게양식장에 수온로거를 설치하여 수층별 수온을 측정하였으며, 2015년과 2016년은 국립수산과학원 실시간어장정보시스템의 표층수온 자료를 이용하였다. 동해 남부해역의 냉수대 발생 원리와 부합하게 남~남서풍이 강하게 불 때 용승으로 표층수온이 급격히 하강하였으며(2007년 8월 하순, 9월 20~22일, 2015년 7월 13~15일), 반대로 북~북동풍이 우세할 때 저층수온이 급상승하는(2007년 9월 5~7일, 9월 16~18일) 것으로 나타났다. 그 외에도 7~8월 구룡포 해역에 나타나는 약한 강도의 표층수온의 하강과 상승은 바람 방향과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구룡포 해역에서 최대풍속이 5 m/s 이상인 남~남서풍이 최소 이틀 이상 유지되면 표층수온이 약 $10^{\circ}C$ 이하로 하강하는 강한 냉수대가 발생하고 이로 인해 어류 폐사가 발생하는 것으로 파악되었다. 이를 바탕으로 포항기상대의 최대풍속과 최대풍속 풍향을 이용하여 냉수발생지수(Cold Water Index)를 정의하고 계산한 결과, $CWI_{2d}$(CWI 2일 평균)가 100 이상일 때 어류 폐사가 주로 발생하였으며, $CWI_{4d}$(CWI 4일 평균)는 7~8월 구룡포 표층수온과 높은 음의 상관성을 나타내었다($R^2=0.5$). 2007년 10월 30 m 수층의 수온 일변화($7{\sim}23^{\circ}C$)는 조석변화와 일치하는 주기와 스펙트럼을 보였으며, 이는 북한한류수 영향인 것으로 파악된다. 이와 같이 조석과 북한한류수로 인한 일변화가 어류 가 두리가 설치된 수심에도 영향을 미친다면 어업 피해로 이어질 수 있으므로 정밀한 조사가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. To understand the characteristics and strength of the cold water that has caused damage to marine-culturing farms around Guryongpo, in the southwestern part of Korea, surface and water column temperatures were collected from temperature loggers deployed at a sea squirt farm during August-November 2007 and from a Real-time Information System for Aquaculture environment operated by NIFS (National Institute of Fisheries Science) during July-August 2015 and 2016. During the study period, surface temperature at Guryongpo decreased sharply when south/southwestern winds prevailed (the 18-26th of August and 20-22nd of September 2007 and the 13-15th of July 2015) as a result of upwelling. However, the deep-water (20-30m) temperature increased during periods of strong north/northeasterly winds (the 5-7th and 16-18th of September 2007) as a result of downwelling. Among the cold water events that occurred at Guryongpo, the mass death of cultured fish followed strong cold water events (surface temperatures below $10^{\circ}C$) that were caused by more than two days of successive south/southeastern winds with maximum speeds higher than 5 m/s. A Cold Water Index (CWI) was defined and calculated using maximum wind speed and direction as measured daily at Pohang Meteorological Observatory. When the average CWI over two days ($CWI_{2d}$) was higher than 100, mass fish mortality occurred. The four-day average CWI ($CWI_{4d}$) showed a high negative correlation with surface temperature from July-August in the Guryongpo area ($R^2=0.5$), suggesting that CWI is a good index for predicting strong cold water events and massive mortality. In October 2007, the sea temperature at a depth of 30 m showed a high fluctuation that ranged from $7-23^{\circ}C$, with frequency and spectrum coinciding with tidal levels at Ulsan, affected by the North Korean Cold Current. If temperature variations at the depth of fish cages also regularly fluctuate within this range, damage may be caused to the Guryongpo fish industry. More studies are needed to focus on this phenomenon.
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황동운 ( Dong-woon Hwang ),이인석 ( In-seok Lee ),최민규 ( Minkyu Choi ),심정희 ( Jeonghee Shim ) 한국환경분석학회 2015 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.18 No.3
The grain size, the content of ignition loss (IL), and the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg) in surface sediments around the Hansan-Geoje Bay were measured in order to understand the pollution level and potential ecological risk of organic matter and trace metals in sediments around fish and shellfish farming areas. The combined content of silt and clay in sediments was more than 90% and the sediment types were mainly mud and clay, which implies that organic matter and trace metals were easily accumulated in the sediments of the study region. There was no spatial difference for the IL content in sediments around the Handsan-Geoje Bay. However, the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr and Cu were relatively higher in channels around the Hansan Island, whereas the concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn were relatively higher in the Geoje Bay. The results of three assessment techniques (sediment quality guidelines [SQGs], pollution load index [PLI] and ecological risk index [ERI]) suggested that the surface sediments in the study region were not polluted with organic matter and trace metals.
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