대학 4학년생의 성격특성과 성별에 따른 취업 스트레스 및 정신건강

신현균,장재윤 한국임상심리학회 2003 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.22 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 구직 활동을 시작하고 있는 대학 4학년생들을 대상으로 성격특성과 성별에 따른 취업 스트레스와 정신건강 상태를 분석해, 향후 종단적인 변화 연구의 토대로 삼고자 하는 것이다. 2,530명에 대한 자료 분석 결과, 79%의 응답자들이 대체로 혹은 매우 많이 취업 스트레스를 받고 있다고 응답하였다. 평균 비교와 상관 및 중다회귀분석 결과, 스트레스를 받는 정도는 성격 특성 및 성별에 따라 다른 것으로 나타났다. 즉 신경증과 부정적 자존감이 높을수록, 자아탄력성, 긍정적 자존감, 외향성, 우호성, 경험에 대한 개방성은 낮을수록, 그리고 여대생이 취업 스트레스가 더 크고 우울, 불안, 적응력 등 일반정신건강에서 부정적인 결과를 보였다. 마지막으로 본 연구 결과의 의의와 종단적 연구의 필요성에 대해 논의하였다.

탈북 청소년의 학업 및 가족문제 스트레스와 외상후 스트레스와의 관계에서 자존감의 조절효과

신현균,김희경 한국청소년학회 2015 청소년학연구 Vol.22 No.11

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of academic stress, family problem stress and the moderating effects of self-esteem in order to explain post-traumatic stress of North Korean adolescent defectors in South Korea. These effects were tested using multiple regression analysis after controlling the effects of some demographic factors such as gender and age, environmental factors such as separation from parents and duration in South Korea, and frequency of forced repatriation. The study consisted of 380 adolescent participants with a mean duration of stay in South Korea of 29.35months(SD=26.06), aged 13-24(170 males, 210 females). The measures were post-traumatic stress symptoms, low self-esteem, academic stress, and the family problems subscales of Psychological State Inventory for North Korean Adolescent Refugees. The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that gender explained 2% of the variance, and frequency of forced repatriation explained additional 5.7% of the variance. Low self-esteem, academic stress, and family problem stress were very strongly influencing factors contributing to an additional 30.4% of the variance after controlling these effects. The main effect of self-esteem and the interaction among self-esteem, academic stress, and family problem stress were significant at the last step of regression but gender, frequency of forced repatriation, academic stress, and family problem stress were no longer significant. But the interaction explained only an additional 1.2% variance. Our study suggests that self-esteem, academic stress, and family problem stress play a significant role in post-traumatic stress symptoms and that self-esteem is the most important variable and may moderate some stresses. 본 연구의 목적은 탈북 청소년들이 겪는 외상후 스트레스를 설명하기 위해 현재 학업과 가족문제 스트레스의 영향과 자존감의 조절효과에 대해 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 중다회귀분석을 사용해 인구통계학적 변인, 남한 거주 기간, 부모와의 동거 여부, 및 강제 북송 횟수 등을 통제한 후 스트레스와 자존감의 설명력 및 상호작용 효과를 검증하였다. 연구 참여자는 13~24세 탈북청소년 380명으로 남 170명, 여 210명이었고 평균 남한 거주 기간은 29.35개월(SD=26.06)이었다. 측정도구로는 탈북청소년용으로 제작되고 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증된 정신건강검사 중에서 외상후 스트레스 척도, 낮은 자존감 척도, 학업 스트레스 척도, 가족문제 척도를 사용하였다. 중다회귀분석 결과, 성별이 2%, 북송 횟수가 추가적으로 5.7%의 설명량을 보였고, 이를 통제한 후에도 학업 스트레스, 가족문제 스트레스 및 낮은 자존감이 30.4%의 설명량을 추가하여 외상후 스트레스에 대한 강력한 예측 요인이었다. 회귀분석의 최종 단계에서는 자존감의 주효과, 학업 스트레스 × 가족문제 스트레스의 이원 상호작용, 그리고 자존감 × 학업 스트레스 × 가족문제 스트레스의 삼원 상호작용이 유의미했으며, 이 단계에서 성별, 북송 횟수, 학업과 가족문제 스트레스는 더 이상 유의하지 않았다. 그러나 상호작용의 추가 설명량은 1.2%로 크지 않았다. 이 결과는 외상후 스트레스에서 자존감, 학업 스트레스 및 가족문제 모두 중요한 역할을 하지만, 특히 자존감이 주된 역할을 하며 여러 스트레스를 일부 조절할 수도 있음을 보여준다.

청소년의 학업 부담감, 부정적 정서, 감정표현불능증 및 지각된 부모양육행동과 신체화 증상과의 관계

신현균 한국임상심리학회 2002 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.21 No.1

The present study examined the relationship of academic stress, negative affectivity, alexithymia, and perceived parenting behavior to somatization to investigate the mechanism of somatization in korean adolescents. The participants were 232 middle and high school students, and correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted. The results showed that academic stress, negative affectivity, alexithymia, and somatization were significantly related each other and correlations between somatization and parent's neglect and abuse were also significant. Negative affectivity score best explained somatization, and father's neglect, mother's abuse, sex, father's inconsistent parenting behavior, academic stress, and self-rated academic achievement were significant factors also. Negative affectivity was explained by academic stress, alexithymia, mother's abuse, and father's inconsistent parenting behavior. And academic stress was explained by mother's over interference, mother's high expectation, academic achievement level, and mother's love. The meanings of these results and differences according to sex and age, and suggestions for improving adolescents' mental health were discussed.

학교 장면의 인지행동 프로그램이 초등학생의 우울취약성 감소와 주관적 안녕감 향상에 미치는 효과

신현균 한국심리학회 2012 한국심리학회지 일반 Vol.31 No.3

The current study examined whether a school-based preventive intervention program could reduce elementary school students' depressive vulnerability and promote subjective well-being. It also explored the roles of moderator variables, which could affect the intervention effects, through the analysis of subjective well-being according to depressive vulnerability levels. The participants were 187 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary-school students, with 93 children in the experimental intervention program and 94 in the control condition. To measure the intervention effects, I used the Korean Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale for Children, the Global Self-Esteem Scale and Subjective Well-Being Scale for the pre- and post-tests. This intervention program comprised ten sessions that were based on the cognitive-behavioral approach and positive psychotherapy. The results showed a statistically more significant reduction in the experimental group's dysfunctional attitudes and a greater improvement in that group's self-esteem than in those of the control group. The results also showed a significant reduction of negative self-efficacy and negative emotion, and a significant improvement of positive self-efficacy in the experimental group. The analysis of the moderating effect showed that the level of pre-dysfunctional attitudes might be a moderator variable affecting intervention effects; that is, the program might be more effective for children with high levels of pre-dysfunctional attitudes than for children with low levels in the reduction of negative well-being. The results suggest that this cognitive-behavioral program, when administered at school, is effective in both normal and vulnerable children. 본 연구에서는 학교에서 실시된 예방적 개입 프로그램이 초등학생의 주관적 안녕감과 자존감 향상 및 역기능적 태도의 감소에 미치는 효과를 검증하였다. 또한 기존의 우울취약성 수준에 따라 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 개입효과가 다르게 나타나는지를 알아봄으로써 개입효과에 미치는 조절변인의 역할을 규명하였다. 93명의 개입집단과 94명의 통제집단 아동, 총 187명의 초등학교 5-6학년 아동을 대상으로 개입 사전과 사후에 한국판 아동 역기능적 태도 척도, 자존감 척도와 주관적 안녕감 척도를 실시하였다. 개입집단은 수업시간에 총 10회기로 구성된 인지행동적 접근과 긍정심리치료를 결합한 구조화된 프로그램에 참여하였다. 연구 결과, 개입 프로그램에 참여한 아동들은 통제집단에 비해 프로그램 실시 후에 역기능적 태도가 더 많이 감소하고 자존감은 더 향상되었다. 또한 개입집단 아동들의 경우, 주관적 안녕감 하위영역 중 정적 효능감이 향상되고, 부적 효능감과 부적 정서는 감소하여 주관적 안녕감의 여러 영역에서 긍정적인 효과를 보였다. 개입효과에 미치는 우울취약성의 조절효과에 대한 분석 결과, 통계적 유의도에는 미치지 못했지만 사전 역기능적 태도의 조절효과가 유의미한 경향성을 보여 사전 역기능적 태도 점수가 높았던 아동의 경우에만 프로그램 참여 후 부적 안녕감이 감소되는 경향성이 시사되었다. 본 연구의 의의는 학교 장면에서 실시되는 예방 목적의 프로그램이 일반 아동과 취약한 아동 모두에게 긍정적인 결과를 가져올 수 있음을 규명했다는 것이다.

한국판 아동 역기능적 태도척도(K-DAS-C)의 요인구조

신현균 한국임상심리학회 2011 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.30 No.2

The purpose of the current study were to translate the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale for Children as developed by D'Alessandro and Burton (2006) to a Korean version and to investigate the factor structure of the Korean Scale (K-DAS-C) in 187 Korean 5-6thgrade elementary school children. Inconsistent results from several previous studies may have been due to the different methods of factor analysis and translation problems related to the Korean version. Therefore, an exploratory factor analysis using the maximum likelihood factor extraction was used in this study. As a result, a two-factor solution was obtained: personal standards perfectionism and self-critical perfectionism. Analyses showed that each factor from the K-DAS-C had good internal consistency and adequate seven-week interval test-retest reliability. Negative correlations between the two structure scores from the K-DAS-C and Global Self-Esteem Scale supported concurrent validity of the K-DAS-C. Particularly, scores related to self-esteem and self-critical perfectionism were more negatively correlated than personal standards perfectionism. Thus, self-critical perfectionism could be regarded as a cognitive vulnerability of depression, whereas personal standards perfectionism could not. However, these two factors could play a different role in cognitive vulnerability of depression according to age. This study established that the Korean Scale for measuring dysfunctional attitudes could be interpreted by two factors and had good reliability and validity when used for Korean 5-6th grade elementary school children. The Korean scale is expected to be useful in studies of vulnerability of depression and outcomes of preventive interventions.

신체화 집단의 신체감각에 대한 해석 , 추론 및 기억편향

신현균 한국임상심리학회 1999 월례집담회 Vol.- No.5

초등학교 고학년생의 스트레스와 우울증상 간 관계: 역기능적태도와 자존감의 매개효과 및 성차

신현균 한국임상심리학회 2014 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.33 No.3

The current study examined the relationship between stress and depression in elementary-school children focusing on the mediating effects of dysfunctional attitudes and self-esteem, and gender difference. A total of 465 elementary-school students(236 male and 229 female) completed a stress questionnaire, dysfunctional attitudes scale for children, global self-esteem scale, and Kovacs' children's depression inventory. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlational analysis, path analysis, and multiple group analysis using Mplus. The results of correlational analysis showed correlation of stress, positive and negative self-esteem with depression in both genders. However, in correlation between stress and dysfunctional attitudes, those between positive, negative self-esteem and depression were higher in girls than in boys. T-test showed that girls were more depressed and had higher negative self-esteem than boys. The results from path analysis showed the mediating effects of dysfunctional attitudes and self-esteem model was more fitted than the moderating effect of dysfunctional attitudes and mediating effect of self-esteem model. The paths of positive and negative self-esteem to depression were the strongest. The path of stress -> dysfunctional attitudes -> negative self-esteem -> depression and that of stress -> positive self-esteem -> depression were significant in both genders, however, gender difference was also observed. That is, the path of stress -> dysfunctional attitudes -> positive self-esteem -> depression was significant only in girls. These results suggest that girls are more depressed and have stronger correlation between cognitive characteristics and depression than boys. Finally, the causes of these gender differences, need for differential intervention according to gender and future research direction were discussed.

한국판 청소년 분노 평가 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도 연구

신현균,임지영 한국임상심리학회 2003 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to provide initial information about reliability and validity of a Korean translation of the Adolescent Anger Rating Scale(K-AARS). Subjects were 228 Korean adolescents attending middle and high schools and 30 adolescents with conduct problems. Three subscales of the AARS(Instrumental anger, Reactive anger, and Anger control) produced high internal consistency reliabilities greater than .8 and were significantly correlated with measures of adolescents' aggression and problems at school and home. Limitations of this study and suggestions for further research were discussed.

한국판 아동 신체화척도의 신뢰도, 타당도 및 초등 고학년생의 신체증상 경험 특성

신현균 한국임상심리학회 2003 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.22 No.4

This study investigated the reliability and validity of Korean Children's Somatization Inventory (K-CSI) and somatic symptoms in elementary school children. Subjects were 266 5th and 6th grade children. K-CSI produced high internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. K-CSI was significantly correlated with Children's Depression Inventory and Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Factor analysis revealed somewhat different results compared to those of antecedent researches. No differences were found in gender and grade. Most commonly reported symptoms were headaches, stomach pain and dizziness. These symptoms were correlated with adjustment problems such as problems in academic achievement and peer relationships. The implications, imitations of these findings and suggestions for further research were discussed.

집-나무-사람 그림 검사(HTP)

신현균 漢陽大學校 學生生活相談硏究所 2001 大學生活硏究 Vol.19 No.-