석탄(石灘) 이신의(李愼儀)의 『대학(大學)』 독해(讀解)와 그 특징(特徵)

신창호 ( Chang Ho Shin ) 한국철학사연구회 2012 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.35

본고는 석탄 이신의의 『대학차록(大學箚錄)』을 통해, 『대학』을 바라보는 그의 독창적 안목을 고찰하는 작업이다. 이신의(李愼儀, 1551-1627)는 조선 중기의 학자이자 정치가로, 본관은 전의(全義)이고 자는 경칙(景則)이며 호는 석탄(石灘), 시호는 문정(文貞)이다. 그의 『대학차록』은 『대학장구』를 읽고 체득한 내용을 수시로 적은 기록으로 석탄이 정치지도자로서 기초를 다지는 학문의 초기 과정에서 저술되었다. 석탄은 『대학장구』의 체제인 장(章)과 구(句)의 의미를 명확하게 구분하여 분석적 학문방법론의 새 지평을 열었다. 『대학장구』「서」에서는 대학의 핵심이 경(敬)에 있음을 강조하였고, 『대학』이 심(心)과 성(性)을 함께 다루고 있다는 사실도 밝혔다. 『대학(장구)대전』의 경문(經文) 독해에서는 삼강령(三綱領)의 핵심을 명(明)과 신(新)과 지(止)에 달려 있다고 보고, 대학의 ``도(道)``, ``명(明)``과 ``덕(德)``의 맥락을 구체적으로 해석하였다. 또한 명명덕(明明德)과 신민(新民)을 비롯한 『대학』의 여러 개념과 의미를 지(知)와 행(行), 체(體)와 용(用)의 관계로 읽어내며, 성리학을 한층 발전시켰다. 『대학장구』전문(傳文) 독해의 경우, 전 10장 전체에 걸쳐 50여구 하나하나를 분석적으로 검토하였다. 주자의 격물(格物) 이론이 담겨 있는 전5장의 경우, 세 부분으로 나누어 해독하면서, 이치의 궁구와 개별 사물에 대한 격물치지(格物致知), 모든 사물에 대한 물격지지(物格知至)로 나누어 ``이치-공부-효험’의 순서로 정돈하였다. 마지막으로 정치사상의 핵심을 보여준 전10장에서는 혈구(혈矩)의 길을 집중적으로 강조하며, 그것이 목민관의 제일 덕목임을 일러주고 있다. This research is to investigate his creative perspective to Deahak through Seoktan Lee Shin-Ui`s Daehakcharok. Lee Shin-Ui is a scholar and politician in the middle of Joseon Dynasty. His ancestral home is Jeonui. The honor name is Gyeongchik and pen name is Seoktan. The posthumous name is MunJeong. His Daehakcharok was written in the process of taking basic foundation as the politic leader. It was a record that he usually wrote down things realized after reading Deahakjanggu. Seoktan clearly classified the meaning of Jang (chapter) and Gu (phrase) as the structure of Deahakjanggu, and created new realm about the method of classified study. In the preface of Deahakjanggu, he emphasized that the core of Deahak is in Gyeong (敬, respect or honor), and clarified that Deahak deals with Sim (心, mind) and Seong (性, human nature). In the interpretation of Daehakdeajeon, he thought that the core of Samgangnyeong (三 綱領, three doctrines or essential principles) depended on Myeong (明, realizing), Shin (新, taking re-newness), and Ji (止, achieving) as the meaning of ``realizing, taking re-newness, and achieving``, and interpreted the context of Tao (道, the way), Myeong (明, realizing), and Deuk (德, virtue) in detail. In addition, he interpreted various concepts and meaning of Deahak with Myeongmyeongdeuk (明明德, realizing human nature) and Sinmin (新民, renewing people) as relationship with Ji(知, realization), Haeng(行, practice), Che(體, main structure), and Yong (用, dealing with), and developed Neo-Confucianism deeply. In case of the main interpretation of Deahakjanggu, he analytically reviewed 50 phrases one by one throughout 10 total chapters. In case of chapter five which includes Zhuzi`s the theory of Gyeokmul (格物, approaching things or persons), he interpreted it in three parts and classified Gyeokmulchiji(格物致知, approaching things or persons and then realizing their nature) about researching deeply of principle and each thing, and Mulgyeokjiji(物格知至, approaching things or persons and then realizing them) about all things. He arranged in order of ``principleresearching-result`` as well. In final, chapter ten showing the core of politic thought emphasized the way of Hyeolgu(혈矩, considering others` situation through his/her own experience) intensively and informed that it is the best virtue for a governor.

Si_1-xGe_x 층의 건식산화 동안 Ge 재 분포와 상호 확산의 영향

신창호,이영훈,송성해,Shin, Chang-Ho,Lee, Young-Hun,Song, Sung-Hae 한국전기전자재료학회 2005 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.18 No.12

We have studied the Ge redistribution after dry oxidation and the oxide growth rate of $Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ epitaxial layer. Oxidation were performed at 700, 800, 900, and $1,000\;^{\circ}C$. After the oxidation, the results of RBS (Rutherford Back Scattering) & AES(Auger Electron Spectroscopy) showed that Ge was completely rejected out of the oxide and pile up at $Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ interface. It is shown that the presence of Ge at the $Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ interface changes the dry oxidation rate. The dry oxidation rate was equal to that of pure Si regardless of Ge mole fraction at 700 and 800$^{\circ}C$, while it was decreased at both 900 and $1,000^{\circ}C$ as the Ge mole fraction was increased. The dry of idation rates were reduced for heavy Ge concentration, and large oxiidation time. In the parabolic growth region of $Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ oxidation, the parabolic rate constant are decreased due to the presence of Ge-rich layer. After the longer oxidation at the $1,000^{\circ}C$, AES showed that Ge peak distribution at the $Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ interface reduced by interdiffusion of silicon and germanium.

Diagnosis of Spinal Arachnoid Cyst using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Dog

신창호,김영기,황태성,윤영민,정동인,연성찬,이희천,Shin, Chang-ho,Kim, Young-ki,Hwang, Tae-sung,Yoon, Young-min,Jung, Dong-in,Yeon, Seong-chan,Lee, Hee-chun The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics 2015 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

6살의 중성화한 수컷 말티즈는 운동실조로 인하여 내원하였다. 본 증례는 일반방사선 촬영, 컴퓨터단층촬영, 자기공명영상을 실시하여 낭종의 위치, 크기, 척수와의 관련성 및 동반된 질환을 알 수 있었다. 자기공명영상 결과 T1W과 FLAIR 영상에서는 hypointense한 영역, T2W 영상에서는 hyperintense한 영역이 L1~2 척수의 등쪽으로 나타났다. 이는 CSF와 동일한 신호로 나타났으며, 등쪽에서 척수를 압박하여 배쪽으로 이동시켰다. 낭종의 길이는 25 mm, 두께는 4 mm로 나타났다. 무증상일 경우는 치료가 필요 없으나, 본 증례는 신경학적 이상이 나타나 수술적 치료를 실시하였다. A 6-year-old, intact male maltese was presented with hindlimb ataxia of 4 day duration. Physical and neurological examinations revealed a bright, alert, and responsive dog, with no evidence of cranial nerve deficits, conscious proprioceptive deficits. Spinal reflexes of the hind and forelimbs were normal. Patellar, cranial tibial, and withdrawal reflexes were normal. Pain could not be elicited on manipulation of the neck or palpation of the spinal column. Survey radiographs of the vertebral column were unremarkable. Computed tomography (CT) scans in the transverse plane were performed. The results of CT imaging were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in both sagittal and transverse planes was performed. The extent of the lesion was 25 mm in length by 4 mm in thickness. The spinal cord was deviated ventrally and appreared thinner. On T1-weighted and FLAIR images, a discrete hypointense lesion dorsal to the spinal cord was observed at L1-2 which was contiguous with the subarachnoid space. On T2-weighted images, this region was hyperintense, consistent with a fluid-filled structure. The signal intensity of the cysts was equivalent to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Surgical treatment involving dorsal laminectomy had successful outcomes.

회원작품-현대증권 연수원

신창호,김호일,Shin, Chang-Ho,Kim, Ho-Il 대한건축사협회 2007 건축사 Vol.2007 No.9

Corporate Resource And Institutionalization Characteristics, Knowledge Management Activities, And R&D Teams’ Perfonnance

최만기(Choe, Man Kee),신창호(Shin, Chang Ho) 한국인적자원관리학회 2010 인적자원관리연구 Vol.17 No.1

지식경영에 관한 많은 연구는 자원기반관점을 바탕으로 하고 있다. 그러나 지식경영이 성공하려면 그것이 조직의 제도로 정착되어야 한다. 그런 점에서 제도화이론 관점에서도 지식경영을 연구할 필요가 있다. 또한 기업에서 지식을 창출하고 공유하는 주된 주체들 중 하나는 연구개발집단이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 자원기반관점에서는 물론 제도화이론 관점을 바탕으로 연구개발집단의 지식경영과 성과를 다룬 연구는 찾기 힘들다. 따라서 본 연구는 자원기반관점과 제도화이론을 바탕으로 기업의 자원 및 제도적 특성이 연구개발팀의 지식경영활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치며,나아가 지식경영활동이 연구개발팀의 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지에 관한 Choe와 Shin(2003)의 모형을 보다 정교화하고 이를 바탕으로 연구가설들을 설정하였다. 모형의 적합성과 가설의 검정을 위해 본 연구는 설문조사를 통해 89개 한국 기업의 281개 연구개발팀으로부터 자료를 수집하여 LISREL 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 구조분석과 경로분석을 행하였다. 그 결과,모형적합도는 만족할만한 수준이었고 가설들은 모두 채택되었다. 그리하여 기업의 자원적 특성과 제도적 특성들이 연구개발팀의 지식 창출이나 공유활동에 긍정적으로 영향을 미쳤으며,그러한 지식경영활동은 다시 연구개발팀의 대내외적인 성과에 영향을 미쳤다. 변수들간 상대적인 영향력을 파악하기 위한 경로 분석 결과,특히 자원특성들 중 업무의 다기능성,정보기술 및 지식경영전략이 지식창출에 강한 영향을 미친 반면 정보기술은 지식공유에 크게 영향을 미치는 경향을 보였다. 한편,제도특성들 중에는 지식경영 시스템 활용이 지식창출에 크게 기여한 반면 지식경영시스템 활용과 함께 지식경영보상제도의 구축이 지식공유에 강한 영향을 미치는 경향을 보였다. 나아가,이러한 지식 창출과 공유활동은 연구개발팀의 대 내적인 지식경영성과에는 물론 대외적인 성과에도 크게 기여하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 연구결과들에 대한 시사점들을 논하고 향후 연구를 위한 과제들을 제시한다. Many previous studies of knowledge management have been based on the resource-based theory of the firm. Institutionalization, however, is necessary in order for knowledge management to be successful. In that sense, knowledge management needs to be studied from the viewpoint of institutionalization theory. In addition, R&D teams are major groups to create and share knowledge in corporations. There exists, nevertheless, very little research on the knowledge management and performance of R&D teams based on the institutionalization theory as well as the resource-based theory. Thus, based on Choe and Shin's (2003) model, this study generated hypotheses about the effects of the resource and institutionalization characteristics on knowledge creation and sharing and the effects of these knowledge management activities on inside and outside team performance. To analyze the fitness of the model and to test the hypotheses, this study collected data from 281 R&D teams of 89 Korean companies through a questionnaire survey and conducted the covariance structure analysis and the path analysis utilizing the LISREL statistical program. As results, the model was fitted and all the hypotheses were accepted. In detail, resource and institutionalization characteristics significantly and positively affected knowledge creation and sharing activities which, in turn, had positive and significant impacts on both inside and outside team performance. Specifically, among the resource characteristics, task multifunction, information technology, and knowledge management strategy tend to strongly affect knowledge creation, while information technology tends to affect knowledge sharing. Among the institutionalization characteristics, the utilization of knowledge management system tends to contribute to knowledge creation significantly, whereas the establishment of knowledge management reward system with the utilization of knowledge management system tends to strongly affect knowledge sharing. Furthermore, such knowledge management activities as knowledge creation and sharing tend to increase the performance of outside as well as inside R&D teams.

동양적 인생관과 수양의 교육적 차원 -회남자(淮南子),정신훈(精神訓)을 중심으로-

신창호 ( Chang Ho Shin ) 경희대학교 교육발전연구원(구.교육문제연구소) 2005 慶熙大學校 敎育問題硏究所 論文集 Vol.21 No.2

엘리트 운동선수의 무릎관절 등속성 굽힘-폄 근력과 근력비율

신창호(Chang-Ho Shin) 대한체질인류학회 2008 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.21 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 무릎관절 손상이 없는 다양한 종목의 엘리트 선수들의 넙다리네갈래근의 근력과 넙다리뒤근육의 근력을 분석하여 목표가 될 수 있는 기준과 앞십자인대 손상 예방에 도움이 될 수 있는 굽힘근력/폄근력 비율의 적절한 범위를 명확히 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구의 피험자는 국내에서 활동 중인 엘리트 운동선수들 중 무릎관절에 의학적 문제가 없는 104명을 대상으로 하였다. 무릎관절의 폄근력과 굽힘근력 그리고 굽힘근력/폄근력 비율은 등속성 장비인 Cybex 770 Model을 이용하여 주측 다리의 무릎관절 굽힘/폄 검사를 60˚/s에서 3회를 실시하였다. 통계처리는 운동 종목별에 따른 무릎관절의 폄근력과 굽힘근력 그리고 굽힘근력/폄근력 비율의 차이를 분석하기 위해 One Way ANOVA를 이용하였으며, 사후 검증은 Scheffe 방법을 이용하였다. 통계적 검증을 위한 유의 수준은 p<.05로 하였다. 무릎관절 폄근력 절대치의 동성간 차이는 없었으나, 남자 종목 선수들이 여자 종목 선수들보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). 무릎관절 폄근력 상대치는 남자 프로 배구선수를 제외한 남자 프로 농구, 야구, 축구 선수들이 여자 선수들에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). 무릎관절 굽힘근력 절대치의 동성간 차이는 없었으나, 남자 종목 선수들이 여자 종목 선수들보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). 무릎관절 굽힘근력 상대치는 남자 프로 농구, 야구, 축구선수들이 여자 선수들보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). 그러나 남자 배구선수와 여자 선수들 간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 무릎관절 굽힘근력/폄근력 비율은 모든 집단간의 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 약 54~64%의 비율을 가지고 있었다. 우리나라의 남자 프로 농구, 축구, 배구, 야구 선수 간의 무릎관절 폄곤력과 굽힘근력의 차이는 없으며, 여자 프로 선수들의 근력은 남자 선수들의 근력에 비해 현저히 낮은 수준에 있다. 그리고 등속성 장비를 이용하여 60˚/s에서 굽힘근력/폄근력 비율을 측정했을 때, 남자 프로 농구, 축구, 배구, 야구 선수와 여자 프로 농구, 하키 선수 간의 차이는 없으며, 굽힘근력/폄근력 비율은 약 60% 전ㆍ후가 권장된다. 그러나 굽힘근력/폄근력 비율만이 여자운동선수의 앞십자인대 손상에 관련된 것이 아니라 많은 요인들이 작용하고 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate of isokinetic strength of quadriceps and hamstring, hamstrings/quadriceps ration in elite sports athletes to provide the data for injury prevention, fitness level evaluation and training methodology. The subjects selected for this study were 104 elite sports athletes. They didn't have any medical problem. Isokinetic peak torque, flexor/extensor ratio at 60 deg/sec of the knee extension and flexion were measured using an cybex 770. The data were analyzed utilizing One way ANOVA. The level of statistical significance was set at p<.05. On the basis of the results analyzed in this study, conclusion were drawn as follow: 1. Dominant knee extension peak torque (Nm) were no significant differences in man but man elite athletes were higher than woman elite players in 60 deg/sec (p< .05). 2. Dominant knee extension peak torque (% body weight) of man elite athletes were higher than woman elite players in 60 deg/sec except only man volleyball athletes (p<.05). 3. Dominant knee flexion peak torque (Nm) were no significant differences in man but man elite athletes were higher than woman elite players in 60 deg/sec (p<.05). 4. Dominant knee flexion peak torque (% body weight) of man elite athletes were higher than woman elite players in 60 deg/sec (p<.05). 5. Knee flexion/extension peak torque ratio (H:Q) were no significant differences according to sex and proper H:Q ratio was 54~64%.

주역(周易)의 사의(四義) 관점에서 분석한 창의성의 다우너적 접근 방법 -창의성 요소 모형, 생태하적 모형, 상호작용 모델, 체계이론을 중심으로-

신창호 ( Chang Ho Shin ),백혜조 ( Hei Jo Baik ) 창조교육학회 2013 창조교육논총 Vol.15 No.-

This study analyzes works taking pluralist approaches in understanding creativity in an integrative way by comparing them with Bian, Yi. and Die Yun In Yi Jing. As a result of the analysis of the theories approach-ing creativity in pluralist methods form the perspective of Si Yi iN Yi Jing. we can tell that Jiao Yi and Bian Yi in particular are well revealed. That is to say, though factors having influence ion creativity can be different among individualsBu Yi as individuals have their own cognitive and affective characteristics, such Bu Yi further undergoes the course of Jiao Yi within individuals`experiences, situations, environments, and re-gions with the course of Bian Yi occurring that changes and extends information, and after all, Yi Jian occurs, in which the possibilityof creativity increases when Jiao Yi takes places, in which all lelments are harmonized. Thus, we can tell that not only individuals falling within Bu Yi but also social and cultural factors surrounding the individuals are important among other factors having influence on creativity, and in particular that supporting activities are crucial in helping Jiao Yi and Bian Yi can easily occur on the context of resolving creative tasks.

창조성(創造性)의 차원에서 본 유교 사서(四書)의 교육론

신창호(Shin Changho) 창조교육학회 2014 창조교육논총 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this research is to review the pedagogical theory of the Confucian Four Books(四書)-Great Learning (大學), Doctrine of the Mean (中庸), Analects of Confucius (論語), Mencius (孟子)-in terms of creativity view point. The creativity is a fundamental basis governing all human characteristics and it is an essential nature of human displayed as a unique properties. In this sense, the education is a process of explaining in a holistic human perspective and developing a creativity. Among the Four Books of Confucianism, the Great Learning reveals the inquiry ability in the intellectual area and the cooperation ability in the social area of the creative education from the education principles and procedures of the three objectives and eight steps, and the Ren (仁) in the Analects of Confucius contains a considerable parts about the faith-love capacity or cooperation. The theory that human nature is fundamentally good by Mencius seems to be directly connected to the ability to perform a good deed in the moral area while the Doctrine of the Mean shows that the core of the pursuit of moderate mindedness is in the sincerity of the fundamental nature of humans. This presents the characteristics of education cultivating the creativity concerning how to deal with the fundamental natures of a human emphasizing the overall creative education.

한국의 인재양성 흐름과 교육적 맥락

신창호(Shin Chang-Ho) 한국교육사상학회 (구 한국교육사상연구회) 2008 교육사상연구 Vol.22 No.3

This research was aimed at investigating educational context of training talented individuals through close review of the concepts of talented individuals or outstanding personnel and historical aspect of human resources training. Talented individuals or outstanding personnel have something to do with endowed quality of human beings, and it can be interpreted as two dimensional systems. In the aspect that all humans in general have innate quality, it has universality, and in the aspect that there is a necessity to admit differences between people, and that those talented individuals exhibit more superb quality than other individuals, it has specialty. This can be reinterpreted in terms of equality and excellence of education. When reviewing training human resources in historical aspect, in the traditional society, the courses were conducted with a focus on training for candidates for public officials that the state required. During the establishment stage of the state system during the early phase of the newly-born the Republic of Korea, the country required state administration type individuals, and during the modernization stage of the country in 1960s, the country required economy type individuals centering on technical and functional expertise, and in the 1970s, the state required corporate-type individuals under outward-looking policy of Koreanized democracy. In 1980s, having reached democratic period along with developments of science and technologies, the country made much of the gifted individuals as administrators of resourceful technologies, and during the informatization and internalization stage since after 1990s, the country put more weights on training functional multiplayer having valued intellectuals with creativity. In this regard, training talented individuals can be understood as an educational objective of the nation on which the situation of the society in the relevant period has been reflected in an affirmative fashion