소설의 영화화에 따른 서사성 변환 연구 : 「벌레 이야기」와 「밀양」을 중심으로

신익호(Shin Ik ho) 한국언어문학회 2015 한국언어문학 Vol.93 No.-

In Bug Story and Secret Sunshine, the main character Shin-ae's anguish and religious conflict are described in more detail than the incident which causes her child's miserable sacrifice. Seemingly, Shin-ae tries hard to overcome her despair with christian faith, but she strives to cope with her tragedy within the limitations of human ability. She is not sure of salvation through the christian faith. Conversely, she is obsessed with the idea that she can get over difficulties with her efforts and will, that is to say, through self-deification. She loses her lovely son, but does not give up on her life. Rather, she can support herself, having strong will and hope. Eventually, these efforts lead to the fictional religion. Others who have never experienced her religious conflict, have no right to criticize that she has developed a blessing-oriented faith. Shin-ae's failure of salvation is a result of the religious dogma. Also, it expresses that she is locked in struggle with her will and fictional faith due to the limitation of human ability rather than she apologizes people around her with agape. She has never experienced both self denial as a sinner and a sense of gratitude and repentance which are the essence of christian faith. For this reason, she is not a born again christian, but just a bug. This story not only educates the reader that false religious faith is serious, but also shows univeral sympathy that religious salvation can not solve easily the problems of the human condition. The original novel, Bug Story, and the movie, Secret Sunshine, have differences in characters, surrounding environment, method of narration, structure derived from different genres, thematic consciousness and ending plot, even though they have common factors such as the existential situation and theodicean problems. The first part of the movie describes how the main character's child is kidnapped and killed in the process of settlement in a remote town. This event is portrayed as the climax of agony and anxiety. In the latter half of the film, the mother of the child writhes in desperate agony and faces the existential situation with religious conflict. At the end, a postive life is implied with secret and hopeful light. The main character, Shin-ae, plays the part of a long-suffering wife who acts out a series of deviant behaviors such as a suicide attempt, wrath and cursing in protest toward God after the failure of forgiveness. She is the most round character by means of motion picture techniques. Though she had a good relationship with others and received God's word once, she becomes a person who does not communicate well with others. When she does not find solutions and just feels despair, facing agony and protesting God, believers urge her to recognize the Providence of God and God's will. In this respect, the theodiciean interpretation justifying agony explains that hardship and adversity resulting from sin can be resolved through atonement. However, art questions and defies the Providence of God and deals intensively with the existential situation that superficial religion can not save people in agony.

<빈집>의 상호텍스트성 연구 - 기형도의 <빈집>과 신경숙의 <빈집>을 중심으로

신익호(Shin, Ikho) 한국언어문학회 2008 한국언어문학 Vol.64 No.-

A house means the comfortable place where people and all living things can relax and are protected. It is also the root where the mental sense of family is formed among family members. As for Ki, Hyeongdo, a poet, the obsession about an empty house(room) basically means the absence of a father and is attributed to the absence of the motherhood in a house because a mother works outside to make money instead of a father. But an empty house (room) described by Shin, Gyeongsuk has many meanings such as leaving or parting, loss like death and separation. The principal characters are strollers who quest the depth of the existence through the introspection and have a dark and lonely situation. Empty House by Ki, Hyeongdo is about the story in which a narrator lost love and planned to go to somewhere after leaving the memory shared with a love in an empty house. In other words, it seems like parting words just before he commits suiciding owing to suffering from breaking up with a love. He states the sorrow of parting by observing the inner world of the self with the objective point of view, establishing the fictitious object as the other. Empty House by Shin, Gyeongsuk depicts the sorrowful mind of lonesome and yearning after paring and shows to recover the desolate emotion by means of transcending the self centered relationship and the present standard that money and appearance are the important conditionsof love. After it presents Empty House by Ki in the beginning part, it cites the memo which Ki, Hyeongdo wrote to compose the poem, in the middle part. With the whole structure(parting with a love-> painful memory-> confirmation of leaving), repetition technique, borrowing of animal or poetic images and the objective point of view, parody can be caught in Empty House by Shin. Especially, the content of letter, frequent words and the repetition of sentences in Empty House by Shin are similar to those in Empty House by Ki.

현대시에 나타난 <유리창 1>의 패러디 수용 양상

신익호(Shin,Ik-ho) 한남대학교 한남어문학회 1997 한남어문학 Vol.22 No.-

박용래 시의 반복형태 구조 연구

신익호 ( Ik Ho Shin ) 국제비교한국학회 2009 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.17 No.2

논문 : 「목불」(木佛)에 나타난 유희적 “말놀이”와 반야사상

신익호 ( Ik Ho Shin ) 한국문학과종교학회 2011 문학과종교 Vol.16 No.1

A Wooden Buddhist Image is about the process of realizing the mercy of Buddha by finding a wooden Buddhist image. It has the main accident which happens after a monk named Tangong who practices asceticism, meets an old Buddha sculpture called Dalnoin. Tangong`s purpose of life is to find a wooden buddhist image and the meaning of his purpose is revealed indirectly through Dalnoin`s life. In this paper, three things can be summarized briefly as follows. First, A Wooden Buddhist Image has a circular structure of tense repetition and its content has cause and effect. It also has a journey structure towards enlightenment which a main character attains throughout his wondering and suffering without the clear reversal and conflict. Second, the word play of concealing and revealing can be found in a main character`s name, place name, Buddhist sermon and a note written in blood. Third, both the truth that matter is void and the emptiness idea which are based on Buddha`s reflection on wheel of life, are showed by means of enlightenment through Dalnoin`s nirvana and Tangong`s endless obsession and anguish. In other words, Tango must escape from the obsession about a hopeless reality of his existence. Then, he must find and make his own Buddhist image in his mind for himself. But, A Wooden Buddhist Image doesn`t explain the reasons why Tangong becomes a monk and why he is so obsessive about a wooden Buddhist image. Also, he seems to lack truth-seeker`s intenseness because he can attain easily the enlightenment not by his own efforts but by Dalnoin`s.

「자화상」에 나타난 자아인식의 시적 형상화

신익호(Shin Ikho) 한국언어문학회 2009 한국언어문학 Vol.68 No.-

Self-portrait shows the self-identity made by the attitude of life which a writer has had so far. Many writers have written poems with the same title, self-portrait. This article aims at studying what each writer wants to tell through self-portrait. JungJoo Seo’s Self-portrait shows the existential struggle and the transcendental self-consciousness. He suffered from the ontological and ultimate problems about life and described the extreme struggle with the animal imagination to free himself from the destiny of the original sin. Dongjoo Yoon's and Gongang Yoon's Self-portrait show the self-reflection with the archetype of narcissism myth. The narcissistic attitude brings a process of maturing for a self through the conflict between realistic self and internal self with internalization of consciousness. Cheonmyoung Noh's, Yongrae Park's and Hawoon Han's Self-portrait are about the confession of self and are different from the 'personal' theory which is included in the impersonal theory of poetry. The narrator of each poem describes the confession of the personal experience not as an imaginative and divided self but as an autobiographical and confessional self. Seyoung Park's and Sang Lee's Self-portrait reflect the self-consciousness of discomfort and death under a turbulent period. Seyoung Park overcame the emotional sense of sorrow, recognized the reality specifically and tended toward internalization of the depressing self-reflection and passive response. Sang Lee depicted the recognition of the pessimistic and negative reality owing to physic trauma and chronic disease which were caused by the family background from childhood.

현대시에 나타난 ‘대전 공간’의 형상 연구

신익호(Shin, Ik-ho) 한국비평문학회 2014 批評文學 Vol.- No.54

문학지리학은 작품 속에 나타나는 ‘장소’에 인간적 경험의 다양한 특성을 미적 상상력으로 승화시켜 의미화하는 작업이다. 현대시에 다양한 ‘대전 공간’을 소재화한 작품이 많지만 그 빈도수에 따라 ‘대전역’, ‘목척교’, ‘산’(계족산·보문산·식장산·구봉산), ‘하천’(대전천·갑천·유등천) 등이 주조를 이룬다. 본고에서는 대전의 지리적 구체성이 드러나는 빈도수 높은 장소를 중심으로 현대시에 어떻게 수용되어 의미망을 형성하는지 문학지리학적 관점에서 접근해 보고자 한다. 그럼으로써 장소 체험의 주체로서 시인이 보여 주는 가치관과 태도를 통해 대전의 정체성과 특수성을 정립할 기회가 될 것이다. 교통 중심지인 ‘대전역’을 소재화한 작품 중 절대다수가 떠남과 만남, 지난날의 회상, 귀향과 포근한 정 등의 내용을 담고 있는데, 그 중에서도 거의 만남의 기쁨보다는 이별에 따른 쓸쓸함과 그리움의 애상적 분위기가 주조를 이룬다. 신시가지가 개발되기 전까지 도심의 중심지였던 목척교는 만남의 장소로서 많은 추억과 그리움이 어려있다. 목척교를 소재화한 작품 중 절대다수가 지난날의 회상과 그리움, 목척교의 일상적 주변 풍경을 다루고 있는데, 주로 ‘으능정이’ ‘대전천변’ ‘대전역’ 등 주변 공간을 배경으로 형상화되었다. 정적인 산의 공간은 동적인 강에 비해 안정적이며 포근하게 감싸 주는 어머니의 품으로 비유된다. 계족산·보문산·식장산·구봉산 등은 대전시를 좌우사방으로 병풍처럼 둘러 감싸안고 있다. 이 산들은 역사적 배경에 따라 백제유민의 저항과 기상, 사계절의 변화 속에 정겹고 아름다운 자연 경관, 어머니 품 같은 안식처, 삶의 위로와 희망 등의 내용을 담고 있다. 대전 시내의 중앙과 좌우 외곽 지대를 흘러가는 하천은 대전천·갑천·유등천 등이 있다. 이 하천들은 삶의 휴식과 영혼의 안식처, 원형적 심상의 생명력, 생태계 회복 등의 내용을 내포하고 있다. There are many modern poems in which the subject matter is linked to some places in Daejeon. Daejeon Station, Mokcheok Bridge, mountains (Gyejok Mt., Bomun Mt., Sikjang Mt., and Gubong Mt.) and streams (Daejeon Cheon, Gap Cheon, and Yudeung Cheon) appear more often in the order named. These places are associated with various meanings. First, the image of Daejeon Station has the properties of sadness, happiness and longing as the place of separation and union. Daejeon Station as a center of transportation is the motif for 21 poems referring to separation, union, reminiscence, homecoming and warmth. More often, this image suggests sorrowful feelings on the basis of loneliness and longing after separation, rather than the delight of union. Materials like platforms and train whistles add a variety of sensuous images to the poetic moods. Second, Mokcheok Bridge was built during the Japanese colonial period and rebuilt into the current stem-cell-like structure through restoration work to uncover the stream. Before the development of a new downtown area in Daejeon, it was the center of the city and implied a lot of reminiscence as a meeting place. Twenty-two poems focusing on Mokcheok Bridge depict past memories of yearning, the surrounding scenery, and ecological recovery. The main contents of the poems are based in the surrounding areas of Uineungjeongi Cultural Street, Daejeon Cheon and Daejeon Station. Third, some poets wrote about comfort, vitality and a resting place at Gyejok Mt., Bomun Mt., Sikjan Mt., or Gubong Mt., the main mountains surrounding Daejeon. Similar to the shape of chicken feet, Gyejok Mountain is the material for 16 poems which involve Baekje people"s resistance and vigor, fresh and seasonal sense, safe haven and hope. Forty-one Bomun Mountain poems contain material about beautiful natural landscape, a soft and warm place like a mother"s arms with a baby nestled in, a new wish through sunrise, reminiscence and longing. In only 7 poems focused on Sikjang Mountain, the poets expressed comfort from life, hope, joy, and longing for father. Gubong Mountain is found in 12 poems describing beautiful landscapes of all seasons by means of various sensuous images. Fourth, there are 3 streams, Daejeon Cheon, Gap Cheon and Yudeung Cheon, flowing through the center of Daejeon and the left and right suburbs. They are symbolic of a break from life as well as vitality generating original imagery. Daejeon Cheon, penetrating the city center, suggests the lifeline of life force and a sense of alienation from change of aspect in 4 poems. Surrounding Daejeon, Gap Cheon means life-giving water, balm to the soul and trace of life in 9 poems. Yudeung Cheon is material for 4 poems which imply breadth of mind, rest area and ecological recovery in a busy urban life.

특집 문학과 언어 : 김수영 시의 한시적(漢詩的) 구조의 병렬 반복 연구

신익호 ( Ik Ho Shin ) 현대문학이론학회 2010 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.42

김수영 시에서 반복과 열거는 초기시에서 후기시에 이르기까지 폭넓게 나타난다. 그의 시에서 반복은 동일한 낱말, 형태소, 시행, 구절, 문장 등으로 다양하게 나타나 환유라는 의미 전달 체계로 전이되어 시적 구성 원리로 작용한다. 본고는 김수영 시의 다양한 반복 형태 중 주로 구절과 문장 반복이 기승전결 형태의 시 각 연에 나타나는 작품을 대상으로 어떻게 가변적, 축약적, 대칭적 병렬 반복의 변주 과정이 나타나는지 구조적 관점에서 살펴보았다. 첫째, 한시 구조의 병렬 반복은 전통적 한시 작법인 기승전결 형태의 선경후정(先景後情)의 묘사법에 따라 「자장가」, 「파자마바람」에서 엿볼 수 있다. 둘째, 변주된 한시 구조의 형태로 가변적 병렬 반복과 축약된 병렬 반복으로 나눌 수 있는데, 가변적 병렬 반복은 도식적인 정형의 틀을 벗어나 다양한 변주에 따른 입체성을 나타낸 형태로 「사령」, 「폭포」에서 엿볼 수 있고, 축약된 병렬 반복은 한시 구조의 후반부를 하나의 연으로 축약한 형태로 「파밭가에서」, 「광야」에서 엿볼 수 있다. 셋째, 대칭적 병렬 반복은 전반부와 후반부로 나누어 전후대칭을 이루는 형태로 「눈」, 「여름뜰」에서 엿볼 수 있다. The aim of this study is to analyze the form of the parallel repetition of Chinese poetic structure in Kim Soo-young`s poetry. First, the form of parallel repetition of Chinese poetic structure is divided into two parts, the beginning and the end. It consists of 4 stanzas for introduction, development, turn and conclusion, which are regarded as the structure of the traditional Chinese poem. According to the way of description of Chinese poetry, Kim Soo-young mentions a certain situation in the beginning and expresses, concretely, the subjective emotion which is suitable for the situation in the end. "Lullaby" and "In One`s Pajamas" are good examples for this description. In "Lullaby", he depicts a baby`s cute look and the subjective emotion of the narrator who is looking at the baby. In the poem, "In One`s Pajamas", he satirizes the weakness and pretension of a lower-middle class citizen with the fragmentary talk of everyday affairs. Second, the form of the changed Chinese poetic structure can be divided into the flexible parallel repetition and the contracted parallel repetition. (1) The form of the flexible parallel repetition is made up of 5 stanzas, but it is summarized in 4 stanzas through consideration for the repetition of syntactic structure which appears superficially. Deviating from the schematic pattern, he shows many different variations. There are "Dead Soul", "From a Distance" and "Waterfall" as examples of this form. He expresses the strong will toward freedom through a connection between the beginning and the end in "Dead Soul", the mental frustration through the cognition of pain in "From a Distance", and strong belief and integrity through the vertical visualization of propriety in "Waterfall". (2) The form of the contracted parallel repetition indicates that a poem has 3 stanzas by contracting two stanzas of turn and a conclusion into 1 stanza. "In an Onion Patch" and "Wilderness" are good examples of this form. Kim Soo-young illustrates the phenomenological cognition of change and the phenomenon of love through the gradation and the structure of paradoxical proposition in "In an Onion Patch". He faces reality through the structure of inner conversation and the visual rhythm in "Wilderness". Third, the form of symmetrical parallel repetition indicates both the symmetry of the beginning and end as well as the relationship formation through combination and response as the fusion structure of mutual conflict and collision. "Snow" and "Summer Garden" are good illustrations of this form. "Snow" portrays the conscious recognition of the intellectual in action who rejects the daily repetition of a lower-middle class citizen through the metonymic structure of contiguity. As a variation of conflict structure, "Summer Garden" demonstrates the scornful and negative attitude of self-recognition under the pain of inner conflict and with reproach upon indecision.

오장환 시의 반복 형태 구조 연구

신익호(Shin Ikho) 한국언어문학회 2007 한국언어문학 Vol.60 No.-

  The technique of repetition in poetry generally means the creation of emphasis through the repetition of words or phrases, but in this paper, it puts stress on emotions derived from the comparison and contrast between words and phrases in the structure of the entire poem. According to the poet’s style, the repetition of words and phrases in the poetry can provide a different meaning. In Jangwhan O’s poetry the repetition of words and phrases can take the form of various transformed patterns.<BR>  1) The A+A pattern is in the formation of a circulation structure which means that his poem has symmetry at the beginning and the end. This is done through the repetition of the first and last stanzas. It shows a dual structure is in actual fact where the opening and ending of its content is fittingly placed together. This dual structure pattern restrict of the infinite possibilities of repetition of stanzas as it equally replaces internal metrical units. In addition, this technique also places emphasis on the last part of the stanza. In “Red Mountain”, the narrator ironically expresses the tragic situation of the homeland through the monotonous form which consists of the repetition and parallel of the same phrases.<BR>  2) The A+A" pattern is an example of the use of variety of repetitions within the fixed form. It portrays the aspects of development while maintaining the relationship between the comparison and contrast of ideas. Like A+A, the symmetry is achieved at the beginning and the end stanzas. Today, in the age of the free verse, the change of emotion and the subsequent explanation of meaning about the structure are focused to support the aesthetic structure of the use of repetition. This is also achieved through an artist’s highly functional practice and the careful adoption of a creative process. “My Song” shows the symmetry between the repetition of phrases and the use of varied repetition in the phrase in the connective statement at the beginning and the end. The various narrative suffixes in it have the main function of sharing the communitive feeling toward the future oriented hope.<BR>  3) The A+A"+A pattern uses a variety of repetitive transformations drawn from the idea of the simple repetition. It provides a diverse effect when the narrator gives a slight change to the simple repetition. In “Rainy Season”, the repetition of the same phrases, sentences and couplet raises the feeling of extreme emotion like fear or discomfort. The technique portrayed makes reader feel reality through the many images of the desolate hometown recognized by the narrator.<BR>  4) The A+B → A"+B" pattern divides the first half and the second half though it is similar to the A+A" with respect to the development of similar phrases. It forms a responsive relationship a responsive by the collision and reconciliation of the content of two parts by means of the contrastive form of A-B/A"-B". “Sheep” means the restriction of existence because sheep is confined in the fence instead of wandering through the vast plains. So it brings out pity and heartbreak because the reality of the sheep is the same as that of the narrator.

〈허생전〉다시 읽기

신익호(Ik-ho Shin) 어문연구학회 2006 어문연구 Vol.52 No.-

  The idea of Silhak inspired the practicality of learning with the technique of modern science at the time of dissatisfaction and critical awareness with regards to the incompetent ruling class. It was especially Yeonam who accepted Ch"ing culture in order to develop the commerce and industry. He insisted on the invention of equipment and product distribution in orde to eradicate the poverty caused by the contempt of commerce and industry. He also criticized the corrupt, extravagant and Neo-confucian authority of the ruling class. "Heoseongjeon" by Yeonam is about mercantilism , Sunbi(classical scholar) spirit of self reflection and hypocrite. He severly criticized the old confucian tradition, evil customs and the hypocritical confucianists who indulged in academic discussion.<BR>  "Heoseong"s Wife" explains the motives of creative writing. The observer"s point of view backgrounds the story of Heoseong"s original text and foregrounds the new world. It is about the journal of Heoseong"s wife and also the story of Heoseong from her point of view. The female life which is isolated and unimportant appears with her voice. In the later half of the book, it is used as the function to criticize the sacrifice of the female life. She establishes her subjectivity throughout her own self discovery of self worth. She deviates from the passive world in which she lives as the other. To pursue the fact that the female is not an alienated object but the person at the center of life. It is portrayed that the female feature and experience must be considered as the valuable entity.<BR>  "The Time Heoseong Is Taught" seriously shows the reality of the real life through the discussion of education from the point of view of reception-aesthetics. It breaks the traditional custom with defamilarization, awakens the consciousness and opens the closed minded, through which the text can be read in a new and different way. The characters appear as the reader empathizes with the characters in the book. The reader also recognizes the many ways the text can be read.